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Hu Y, Ma C, Liu J, Bai G, Guo S, Wang T. Synthesis, Physical Properties, and In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Hydrophilic β-Sitosterol Sugar Esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8458-8468. [PMID: 35786884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic β-sitosterol sugar esters were synthesized by a two-step biocatalytic approach using β-sitosterol vinyl adipate as an intermediate. The maximum conversion (above 90%) of β-sitosterol vinyl adipate was achieved using the saccharides glucose, sucrose, and raffinose. The chemical structure of the synthesized esters was confirmed by various techniques. The investigation of physical properties revealed that β-sitosterol sugar esters had enhanced water solubility (3.0-8.0 mM at 35 °C), reduced crystallinity, and high wettability. Their lyotropic liquid crystal properties were observed by polarized light microscopy. Furthermore, β-sitosterol sugar esters could be hydrolyzed into β-sitosterol adipate under simulated intestinal conditions at a low rate (2.83-18.14%). Most β-sitosterol sugar esters probably entered into intestinal bile salt micelles with ester bonds intact and showed up to 10-fold higher in vitro bioaccessibility than free β-sitosterol in non-fat systems. The excellent physical and functional characteristics of β-sitosterol sugar esters suggested their great potential application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chuanguo Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
- Institute of Grain and Oil Standardization, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shujing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
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Yang C, Yang HR, Li SS, An QD, Zhai SR, Xiao ZY. Rationally designed carboxymethylcellulose-based sorbents crosslinked by targeted ions for static and dynamic capture of heavy metals: Easy recovery and affinity mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:651-663. [PMID: 35764045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A separable spherical bio-adsorbent (CMC-Cr) was prepared for capturing heavy metal ions by simple coordination and cross-linking between targeted ions of Cr3+ and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). A simple alternation of the CMC incorporation allowed the interconnected networks within the microspheres of preformed solid CMC to be adjusted. The excellent network structure could achieve the maximum collision between the adsorbent and the heavy metal cations in the wastewater. Through investigations, CMC-Cr-2 beads were determined as the optimal adsorbent. The adsorption performance of novel materials was evaluated by examining their adsorption behavior on Pb(II) and Co(II) under both static and dynamic conditions. The results showed that the adsorption behavior of CMC-Cr-2 beads on both two heavy metal cations could be fully reflected by the Freundlich model. Under the theoretical conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities were 97.26 and 144.74 mg/g. The kinetic results for the adsorption of two heavy metal cations on CMC-Cr-2 beads were consistent with the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the correlation coefficient of the Thomas model was significant in the dynamic adsorption performance tests. Five regeneration cycle studies were successfully carried out on CMC-Cr-2 beads to evaluate reusability and stability. The applicability of CMC-Cr-2 beads in authentic aqueous solutions (both the single and binary pollutant systems) was also studied, and the results indicated that CMC-Cr-2 beads had a high potential for practical implementation. Furthermore, by analyzing the surface interactions of two heavy metal cations with the CMC-Cr-2 beads based on FTIR and XPS characterization, a basic understanding of the interaction between bio-sorbents and pollutants in wastewater can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hua-Rong Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Jinxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company Limited, Huludao 125000, China
| | - Qing-Da An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shang-Ru Zhai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Zuo-Yi Xiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Liu XY, Li D, Li TY, Wu YL, Piao JS, Piao MG. Vitamin A - modified Betulin polymer micelles with hepatic targeting capability for hepatic fibrosis protection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li H, Yang H, Xu J, Gao Z, Wu J, Zhu L, Zhan X. Novel amphiphilic carboxymethyl curdlan-based pH responsive micelles for curcumin delivery. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang HR, Li SS, An QD, Zhai SR, Xiao ZY, Zhang LP. Facile transformation of carboxymethyl cellulose beads into hollow composites for dye adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:919-926. [PMID: 34530036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel millimeter hollow microspheres were fabricated from carboxymethyl cellulose microspheres and polyethyleneimine using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The hollow microspheres prepared with different polyethyleneimine usages and different polyethyleneimine treatment time were investigated deeply and characterized via SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and BET surface area analysis. It was shown that polyethyleneimine could break the coordination bonds between the carboxyl and Al (III) in carboxymethyl cellulose microspheres, leading to the formation of hollow structures. Most importantly, the usage and treatment time of polyethyleneimine can distinctly tailor the structure of the carboxymethyl cellulose microspheres, resulting in the formation of different hollow microspheres with varied shell thickness and size. Most importantly, we found that the prepared hollow microspheres have excellent adsorption performance toward targeted methyl blue under testing conditions. By virtue of the large accessible amount of -NH2 groups and its unique hollow structure, this type of millimeter hollow microspheres have broad application prospects in the treatment of emerging contaminants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Rong Yang
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qing-Da An
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shang-Ru Zhai
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Zuo-Yi Xiao
- Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province (KLaCER), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
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González-Fernández D, Torneiro M, Lazzari M. Some Guidelines for the Synthesis and Melting Characterization of Azide Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1269. [PMID: 32498252 PMCID: PMC7362184 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide fundamental guidelines in the form of a tutorial to be taken into account for the preparation and characterization of a specific class of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives, namely azide-terminated PEGs. Special attention is given to the effect of these chain end groups and their precursors on properties affecting the PEGylation of proteins, nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces. Notwithstanding the presence of 13C satellite peaks, we show that 1H NMR enables not only the routine quantitative determination of chain-end substitution, but is also a unique method to calculate the absolute number average molecular weight of PEG derivatives. In the use of size exclusion chromatography to get molecular weight distributions, we highlight the importance of distinguishing between eventual secondary reactions involving molecular weight changes and the formation of PEG complexes due to residual amounts of metal cations from reactants. Finally, we show that azide end groups affect PEG melting behavior. In contrast to oxygen-containing end groups, azides do not interact with PEG segments, thus inducing defect formation in the crystal lattice and the reduction of crystal sizes. Melting temperature and degree of crystallinity decrease become especially relevant for PEGs with very low molecular weight, and its comprehension is particularly important for solid-state applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Torneiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Massimo Lazzari
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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