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Macchia A, Marinelli L, Barbaccia FI, de Caro T, Hansen A, Schuberthan LM, Izzo FC, Pintus V, Testa Chiari K, La Russa MF. Mattel's ©Barbie: Preventing Plasticizers Leakage in PVC Artworks and Design Objects through Film-Forming Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1888. [PMID: 39000743 PMCID: PMC11244241 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The main conservation problem of p-PVC artworks is phthalate-based plasticizer migration. Phthalate migration from the bulk to the surface of the materials leads to the formation of a glossy and oily film on the outer layers, ultimately reducing the flexibility of the material. This study aimed to develop a removable coating for the preservation of contemporary artworks and design objects made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (p-PVC). Several coatings incorporating chitosan, collagen, and cellulose ethers were assessed as potential barriers to inhibiting plasticizer migration. Analytical techniques including optical microscopy (OM), ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (UV/Vis/NIR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to evaluate the optical and chemical stability of selected coating formulations applied to laboratory p-PVC sheet specimens. Subsequently, formulations were tested on a real tangible example of a design object, ©Barbie doll, characterized by the prevalent issue of plasticizer migration. Furthermore, the results obtained with the tested formulations were evaluated by a group of conservators using a tailored survey. Finally, a suitable coating formulation capable of safeguarding plastic substrates was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Macchia
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences DIBEST, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.M.); (M.F.L.R.)
- YOCOCU, Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (L.M.S.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Livia Marinelli
- YOCOCU, Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (L.M.S.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Science of Antiquities, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Irene Barbaccia
- YOCOCU, Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (L.M.S.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Technological Innovation Engineering, Digital Technologies for Industry 4.0, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 39, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Tilde de Caro
- CNR ISMN, Strada Provinciale 35d, 9, 00010 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alice Hansen
- Plart Museum, Via Giuseppe Martucci 48, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Lisa Maria Schuberthan
- YOCOCU, Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (L.M.S.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Francesca Caterina Izzo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30123 Venice, Italy;
| | - Valentina Pintus
- Institute for Natural Science and Technology in Arts, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Conservation and Restoration, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Schillerplatz 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katiuscia Testa Chiari
- YOCOCU, Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (L.M.S.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Mauro Francesco La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences DIBEST, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.M.); (M.F.L.R.)
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Di Liberto EA, Dintcheva NT. Biobased Films Based on Chitosan and Microcrystalline Cellulose for Sustainable Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:568. [PMID: 38475252 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition to a more sustainable lifestyle requires a move away from petroleum-based sources and the investigation and funding of renewable and waste feedstocks to provide biobased sustainable materials. The formulation of films based on chitosan and microcrystalline cellulose with potential applications in the packaging sector has been demonstrated. Glycerol is also used as a plasticizer in the formulation of flexible films, while mucic acid is used as a valid alternative to acetic acid in such films. The film based on chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose, glycerol, and mucic acid shows properties and a performance similar to those of the film formulated with acetic acid, and, in addition, it seems that the photo-oxidation resistance of the film based on mucic acid is better than that of the material containing acetic acid. The films were characterized using spectroscopy (FTIR and UV-vis), tensile testing, water contact angle measurements, surface observations, and photo-oxidation resistance measurements. The presence of microcrystalline cellulose enhances the mechanical behavior, UV barrier properties, and surface hydrophobicity of the film. The feasibility of formulating chitosan-based films, with or without microcrystalline cellulose, which exhibit good properties and performances is demonstrated. Mucic acid instead of acetic acid is used in the formulation of these film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Alessia Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- INSTM-National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology-Board of Sustainability of INSTM, Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Chełminiak-Dudkiewicz D, Smolarkiewicz-Wyczachowski A, Ziegler-Borowska M, Kaczmarek H. Photochemical stability of chitosan films doped with cannabis oil. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 251:112850. [PMID: 38277961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The effect of UV radiation from three different sources on chitosan (CS) films containing the addition of 10% by weight of cannabis oil was investigated. Cannabis oil (CBD) alone exposed to UV is unstable, but its photostability significantly increases in the chitosan matrix. The course of photochemical reactions, studied by FTIR spectroscopy, is slow and inefficient in chitosan with CBD, even under high-energy UV sources. The research also included chitosan films with CBD cross-linked with dialdehyde starch (DAS). Using AFM microscopy and contact angle measurements, the morphology and surface properties of prepared chitosan films with CBD were investigated, respectively. It was found that CBD embedded in CS is characterized by the best photostability under the influence of an LED emitting long-wave radiation. Using a monochromatic and polychromatic UV lamp (HPK and UV-C) emitting high-energy radiation, gradual degradation accompanied by oxidation was observed, both in the CS chains and in the CBD additive. Additionally, changes in surface properties are observed during UV irradiation. It was concluded that CS protects CBD against photodegradation, and a further improvement in photochemical stability is achieved after system cross-linking with DAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Meynaud S, Huet G, Brulé D, Gardrat C, Poinssot B, Coma V. Impact of UV Irradiation on the Chitosan Bioactivity for Biopesticide Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:4954. [PMID: 37446616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is known for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties that make it a promising candidate for plant protection. However, when sprayed in open fields, the bioactivity of chitosan significantly diminishes, suggesting a possible influence of sunlight on chitosan structure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UV radiation, by using artificial UV sources simulating sunlight, on the stability of chitosan. A powdered chitosan with a low polymerization degree was selected and analyzed using various physicochemical methods, both before and after irradiation. Some minor differences appeared. UV spectra analysis revealed the disappearance of initially present chromophores and the emergence of a new band around 340 nm, potentially indicating the formation of carbonyl compounds. However, elemental analysis, MALDI-TOF spectra, polymerization degree, and infrared spectra did not exhibit any clear structural modifications of chitosan. Interestingly, irradiated powdered chitosan samples maintained their bioactivity, including their eliciting and antifungal properties. In the case of grapevine, irradiated chitosan demonstrated effectiveness in controlling grapevine diseases such as downy mildew, contradicting the assumption that sunlight is responsible for the decreased effectiveness of chitosan in open field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Meynaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gaël Huet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Daphnée Brulé
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christian Gardrat
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Coma
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33600 Pessac, France
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Liu Q, Li B, Li Y, Yang X, Wang S, Qiao C, Wang N. Cross-linked films based on N-hydrophobic-O-hydrophilic chitosan derivatives: Preparation, properties and application in bananas storage. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chitosan for eco-friendly control of mycotoxinogenic Fusarium graminearum. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bajer D, Kaczmarek H. Thermal Stability of Fluorescent Chitosan Modified with Heterocyclic Aromatic Dyes. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103667. [PMID: 35629691 PMCID: PMC9147818 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent biopolymer derivatives are increasingly used in biology and medicine, but their resistance to heat and UV radiation, which are sterilizing agents, is relatively unknown. In this work, chitosan (CS) modified by three different heterocyclic aromatic dyes based on benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole (assigned as IBm, BTh, and BOx) has been studied. The thermal properties of these CS derivatives have been determined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy of volatile degradation products. The influence of UV radiation on the thermal resistance of modified, fluorescent chitosan samples was also investigated. Based on the temperature onset as well as the decomposition temperatures at a maximal rate, IBm was found to be more thermally stable than BOx and BTh. However, this dye gave off the most volatile products (mainly water, ammonia, carbon oxides, and carbonyl/ether compounds). The substitution of dyes for chitosan changes its thermal stability slightly. Characteristic decomposition temperatures in modified CS vary by a few degrees (<10 °C) from the virgin sample. Considering the temperatures of the main decomposition stage, CS-BOx turned out to be the most stable. The UV irradiation of chitosan derivatives leads to minor changes in the thermal parameters and a decrease in the number of volatile degradation products. It was concluded that the obtained CS derivatives are characterized by good resistance to heat and UV irradiation, which extends the possibilities of using these innovative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Bajer
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.K.); Tel.: +48-56-611-4505 (D.B.); +48-56-611-4312 (H.K.)
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.K.); Tel.: +48-56-611-4505 (D.B.); +48-56-611-4312 (H.K.)
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Nikalaichuk V, Hileuskaya K, Kraskouski A, Kulikouskaya V, Nedved H, Kalatskaja J, Rybinskaya E, Herasimovich K, Laman N, Agabekov V. Chitosan‐hydroxycinnamic
acid conjugates: Synthesis, photostability and phytotoxicity to seed germination of barley. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoryia Nikalaichuk
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Aliaksandr Kraskouski
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Viktoryia Kulikouskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Helen Nedved
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Joanna Kalatskaja
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Ekaterina Rybinskaya
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Kanstantsin Herasimovich
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Nikolai Laman
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
| | - Vladimir Agabekov
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Republic of Belarus
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Zhang X, Cao Y, Yang F, Huang Y, Zhang K, Huang C. The hydroxyl radical yields prediction of cavitation bubble clouds during hydrodynamic cavitation process for chitosan degradation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to measure the influence of chemical effects in the process of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) degradation of chitosan, a prediction model for the hydroxyl radical (·OH) yields of cavitation...
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Fluorescent Chitosan Modified with Heterocyclic Aromatic Dyes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216429. [PMID: 34771955 PMCID: PMC8585458 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a valuable, functional, and biodegradable polysaccharide that can be modified to expand its applications. This work aimed to obtain chitosan derivatives with fluorescent properties. Three heterocyclic aromatic dyes (based on benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole) were synthesized and used for the chemical modification of chitosan. Emission spectroscopy revealed the strong fluorescent properties of the obtained chitosan derivatives even at a low N-substitution degree of the dye. The effect of high-energy ultraviolet radiation (UV–C) on modified chitosan samples was studied in solution with UV–Vis spectroscopy and in the solid state with FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, cytotoxicity towards three different cell types was evaluated to estimate the possibilities of biomedical applications of such fluorescent chitosan-based materials. It was found that the three new derivatives of chitosan were characterized by good resistance to UV–C, which suggests the possibility of using these materials in medicine and various industrial sectors.
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Antibacterial and Freshness-Preserving Mechanisms of Chitosan-Nano-TiO2-Nano-Ag Composite Materials. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With chitosan, nano-TiO2 and nano-Ag as raw materials, nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag were modified by a surface modifier-sodium laurate. Chitosan (CTS), chitosan-nano-TiO2 (CTS-TiO2), and chitosan-nano-TiO2-nano-Ag (CTS-TiO2-Ag) composite materials and corresponding films were prepared by a solution co-blending method. Then, the antibacterial performances of the above three types of materials against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were compared. Moreover, potato and strawberry weight loss rates, peroxidase activity, and vitamin C contents after different film coating treatments were measured. Compared with CTS films, the CTS-TiO2-Ag and CTS-TiO2 composite films both showed better physical properties, and both demonstrated higher antibacterial effects, especially for E. coli. Measurement of physiological indices in fruits and vegetables showed that the freshness-preserving effect of CTS-TiO2-Ag coating films was the most significant. In all, the CTS-TiO2-Ag coating films can actively contribute to the storage of fruits and vegetables at room temperature, and better ensure product quality. Thus, such films are meaningful for research and development of new fruit freshness-keeping techniques and materials.
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Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Wekwejt M, Mazur O, Zasada L, Pałubicka A, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E. The Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan-Based Materials Modified with Phenolic Acids Irradiated by UVC Light. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6472. [PMID: 34208782 PMCID: PMC8235692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper concerns the physicochemical properties of chitosan/phenolic acid thin films irradiated by ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 290 nm (UVC) light. We investigated the preparation and characterization of thin films based on chitosan (CTS) with tannic (TA), caffeic (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) addition as potential food-packaging materials. Such materials were then exposed to the UVC light (254 nm) for 1 and 2 h to perform the sterilization process. Different properties of thin films before and after irradiation were determined by various methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), mechanical properties and by the surface free energy determination. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the films and their potential to reduce the risk of contamination was assessed. The results showed that the phenolic acid improving properties of chitosan-based films, short UVC radiation may be used as sterilization method for those films, and also that the addition of ferulic acid obtains effective antimicrobial activity, which have great benefit for food packing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (O.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Marcin Wekwejt
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-008 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Olha Mazur
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (O.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lidia Zasada
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (O.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Anna Pałubicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, 83-400 Kościerzyna, Poland;
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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