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JiZe XP, Fu YP, Li CY, Zhang CW, Zhao YZ, Kuang YC, Liu SQ, Huang C, Li LX, Tang HQ, Feng B, Chen XF, Zhao XH, Yin ZQ, Tian ML, Zou YF. Extraction, characterization and intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharide from stems and leaves of Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118357. [PMID: 38763374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chuanminshen violaceum M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan (CV) is used as a medicine with roots, which have the effects of benefiting the lungs, harmonizing the stomach, resolving phlegm and detoxifying. Polysaccharide is one of its main active components and has various pharmacological activities, but the structural characterization and pharmacological activities of polysaccharide from the stems and leaves parts of CV are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal extraction conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from CV stems and leaves, and to carry out preliminary structural analyses, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the obtained polysaccharide and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of CV stems and leaves polysaccharides was carried out, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process to obtain CV polysaccharides (CVP) under the optimal conditions. Subsequently, we isolated and purified CVP to obtain the homogeneous polysaccharide CVP-AP-I, and evaluated the composition, molecular weight, and structural features of CVP-AP-I using a variety of technical methods. Finally, we tested the pharmacological activity of CVP-AP-Ⅰ in an LPS-induced model of oxidative stress and inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and explored its possible mechanism of action. RESULTS The crude polysaccharide was obtained under optimal extraction conditions and subsequently isolated and purified to obtain CVP-AP-Ⅰ (35.34 kDa), and the structural characterization indicated that CVP-AP-Ⅰ was mainly composed of galactose, galactose, rhamnose and glucose, which was a typical pectic polysaccharide. In addition, CVP-AP-Ⅰ attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factor genes and proteins and up-regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes and proteins in IPEC-J2, by a mechanism related to the activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the polysaccharide isolated from CV stems and leaves was a pectic polysaccharide with similar pharmacological activities as CV roots, exhibiting strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting that CV stems and leaves could possess the same traditional efficacy as CV roots, which is expected to be used in the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping JiZe
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Cen-Yu Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Chao-Wen Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhe Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Chao Kuang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Jing X, Zhou G, Zhu A, Jin C, Li M, Ding K. RG-I pectin-like polysaccharide from Rosa chinensis inhibits inflammation and fibrosis associated to HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122139. [PMID: 38710550 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A novel RG-I pectin-like polysaccharide, YJ3A1, was purified from the flowers of Rosa chinensis and its structure and hepatoprotective effect in vivo and in vitro were investigated. The backbone of this polysaccharide is mainly composed of 1, 4-galactan, 1, 4-linked α-GalpA and 1, 2-linked α-Rhap disaccharide repeating unit attached by 1, 6-linked β-Galp or 1, 5-linked α-Araf on C-4 of the Rhap. Interestingly, oral administration of YJ3A1 significantly ameliorates NASH-associated inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and does not affect the liver morphology of normal mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The mechanism study suggests that the biological activity may associate to inactivating of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)/TLR4/NF-κB and Akt signaling pathways by restraining the expression and release of HMGB1, thereby impeding the effect of NASH. The current findings outline a novel leading polysaccharide for new drug candidate development against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Jing
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guangqin Zhou
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Anming Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, PR China
| | - Can Jin
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China
| | - Meixia Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Kan Ding
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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3
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Liu B, Ma J, Li T, Li P, Yan D, Zhu J, Zhang X. Advances in the Preparation, Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:1995. [PMID: 38998501 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murr. is rich in polysaccharides, and the polysaccharides in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRPS) have various bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-tumor activity, neuroprotective activity, and immunomodulatory activity. It has broad prospects in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Researchers have found that the structural characteristics of LRPS, such as molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, primary structure, etc., have a significant impact on their bioactivities. Therefore, studying the structure of LRPS is of great significance in revealing their bioactivities and mechanisms. This study, based on introducing the preparation methods of LRPS, focuses on reviewing the research progress on the main structural characteristics, various bioactivities, and mechanisms of action of LRPS. In addition, the study provides prospects for the development of LRPS in the fields of food and medicine, aiming to provide theoretical support for its deep processing and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pei Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Dehui Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Gansu Institute of Standardization, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Liao W, Zhang R, Chen G, Ma L, Yu H. The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1531. [PMID: 38891336 PMCID: PMC11174690 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural plants contain numerous chemical compounds that are beneficial to human health. The berries from the Lycium genus are widely consumed and are highly nutritious. Moreover, their chemical constituents have attracted attention for their health-promoting properties. In East Asia, there are three varieties of the Lycium genus (Lycium barbarum L., Lycium chinense Miller, and L. ruthenicum Murray) that possess medicinal value and are commonly used for treating chronic diseases and improving metabolic disorders. These varieties are locally referred to as "red Goji berries" or "black Goji berries" due to their distinct colors, and they differ in their chemical compositions, primarily in terms of carotenoid and anthocyanin content. The pharmacological functions of these berries include anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-exercise fatigue effects. This review aims to analyze previous and recent studies on the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of these Lycium varieties, elucidating their signaling pathways and assessing their impact on the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the potential prospects for using these active ingredients in the treatment of COVID-19 are evaluated. This review explores the potential targets of these Lycium varieties in the treatment of relevant diseases, highlighting their potential value in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Ma
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (C.J.); (Z.C.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (G.C.)
| | - Haijie Yu
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (C.J.); (Z.C.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (G.C.)
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5
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Saikia L, Gogoi B, Sen S, Tonk RK, Kumar D, Dutta PP. The recent update and advancements of natural products in targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway for cancer prevention and therapeutics. Med Oncol 2024; 41:164. [PMID: 38816663 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway (Wnt/β-CatP) is implicated in accelerating carcinogenesis and cancer progression, contributing to increased morbidity and treatment resistance. Even though it holds promise as a focus for cancer treatment, its intricate nature and diverse physiological effects pose significant challenges. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in this domain, with numerous natural products demonstrating promising preclinical anti-tumor effects and identified as inhibitors of the Wnt/β-CatP through various upstream and downstream mechanisms. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of Wnt/β-Cat-targeted cancer therapy, examining the impact of natural products on Wnt/β-Cat signaling in both cancer prevention and therapeutic contexts. A comprehensive search was conducted on scientific databases like SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant literature on Wnt-signaling, natural products, β-Catenin (β-Cat), and cancer from 2020 to January 2024. As per the analysis of the relevant reference within the specified period, it has been noted that a total of 58 phytoconstituents, predominantly phenolics, followed by triterpenoids and several other classes, along with a limited number of plant extracts, have exhibited activity targeting the Wnt/β-CatP. Most β-Cat regulating modulators restrict cancer cell development by suppressing β-Cat expression, facilitating proteasomal degradation, and inhibiting nuclear translocation. Multiple approaches have been devised to block the activity of β-Cat in cancer therapy, a key factor in cancer progression, leading to the discovery of various Wnt/β-CatP regulators. However, their exploration remains limited, necessitating further research using clinical models for potential clinical use in cancer prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunasmrita Saikia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
| | - Bhaskarjyoti Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Saikat Sen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Partha Pratim Dutta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India.
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Xu ML, He YF, Xie L, Qu LB, Xu GR, Cui CX. Research Progress on Active Ingredients and Product Development of Lycium ruthenicum Murray. Molecules 2024; 29:2269. [PMID: 38792130 PMCID: PMC11123928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murray possesses significant applications in both food and medicine, including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and various other effects. Consequently, there has been a surge in research endeavors dedicated to exploring its potential benefits, necessitating the organization and synthesis of these findings. This article systematically reviews the extraction and content determination methods of active substances such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in LRM in the past five years, as well as some active ingredient composition determination methods, biological activities, and product development. This review is divided into three main parts: extraction and determination methods, their bioactivity, and product development. Building upon prior research, we also delve into the economic and medicinal value of Lycium ruthenicum Murray, thereby contributing significantly to its further exploration and development. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for advancing research on Lycium ruthenicum Murray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (M.-L.X.); (Y.-F.H.); (L.X.)
| | - Yun-Feng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (M.-L.X.); (Y.-F.H.); (L.X.)
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Liang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (M.-L.X.); (Y.-F.H.); (L.X.)
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guang-Ri Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (M.-L.X.); (Y.-F.H.); (L.X.)
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (M.-L.X.); (Y.-F.H.); (L.X.)
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Wu Z, Liu J, Cheng F, Wang K. Degradation of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide: Structures and protective activities against ethanol-induced acute liver injury. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121745. [PMID: 38220331 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) possesses diverse bioactivities; however, its metabolic fate following oral administration remains poorly understood. To intuitively determine its intestinal digestion behavior after oral administration, ASP was labeled with fluorescein, and it was found to accumulate and be degraded in the cecum and colon. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro enzymatic degradation behavior and identified the products. The results showed that ASP could be degraded into fragments with molecular weights similar to those of the fragments observed in vivo. Structural characterization revealed that ASP is a highly branched acid heteropolysaccharide with AG type II domains, and its backbone is predominantly composed of 1,3-Galp, →3,6)-Galp-(1→6)-Galp-(1→, 1,4-Manp, 1,4-Rhap, 1,3-Glcp, 1,2,3,4-Galp, 1,3,4,6-Galp, 1,3,4-GalAp and 1,4-GlcAp, with branches of Araf, Glcp and Galp. In addition, the high molecular weight enzymatic degradation products (ASP H) maintained a backbone structure almost identical to that of ASP, but exhibited only partial branch changes. Then, the results of ethanol-induced acute liver injury experiments revealed that ASP and ASP H reduced the expression of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) levels, thereby relieving ethanol-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuheng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
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Cai D, He F, Wu S, Wang Z, Bian Y, Wen C, Ding K. Functional structural domain synthesis of anti-pancreatic carcinoma pectin-like polysaccharide RN1. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121668. [PMID: 38171659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The great structural and functional diversity supports polysaccharides as favorable candidates for new drug development. Previously we reported that a drug candidate pectin-like natural polysaccharide, RN1 might target galectin-3 (Gal-3) to impede pancreatic cancer cell growth in vivo. However, the quality control of polysaccharide-based drug research faces great challenges due to the heterogeneity. A potential solution is to synthesize structurally identified subfragments of this polysaccharide as alternatives. In this work, we took RN1 as an example, and synthesized five subfragments derived from the putative repeating units of RN1. Among them, pentasaccharide 4 showed an approximative binding affinity to Gal-3 in vitro, as well as an antiproliferative activity against pancreatic BxPC-3 cells comparable to that of RN1. Further, we scaled up pentasaccharide 4 to gram-scale in an efficient synthetic route with a 6.9 % yield from D-galactose. Importantly, pentasaccharide 4 significantly suppressed the growth of pancreatic tumor in vivo. Based on the mechanism complementarity of galactin-3 inhibitor and docetaxel, the combination administration of pentasaccharide 4 and docetaxel afforded better result. The result suggested pentasaccharide 4 was one of the functional structural domains of polysaccharide RN1 and might be a leading compound for anti-pancreatic cancer new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shengjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ya Bian
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang Wen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan 528400, China.
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Xie J, Wu S, Liao W, Ning J, Ding K. Src is a target molecule of mannose against pancreatic cancer cells growth in vitro & in vivo. Glycobiology 2023; 33:766-783. [PMID: 37658770 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer with limited treatment options. Mannose, a common monosaccharide taken up by cells through the same transporters as glucose, has been shown to induce growth retardation and enhance cell death in response to chemotherapy in several cancers, including PDAC. However, the molecular targets and mechanisms underlying mannose's action against PDAC are not well understood. In this study, we used an integrative approach of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification to investigate the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of mannose against PDAC. Our results showed that the protein Src is a key target of mannose in PDAC. Additionally, computational analysis revealed that mannose is a highly soluble compound that meets Lipinski's rule of five and that the expression of its target molecules is correlated with survival rates and prognosis in PDAC patients. Finally, we validated our findings through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that mannose plays a critical role in inhibiting PDAC growth by targeting Src, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic candidate for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Xie
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong New district, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong New district, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenfeng Liao
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong New district, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingru Ning
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong New district, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong New district, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
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Lee HS, Choi CI. Black Goji Berry ( Lycium ruthenicum Murray): A Review of Its Pharmacological Activity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4181. [PMID: 37836464 PMCID: PMC10574788 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LRM; commonly known as black goji berry or black wolfberry), a plant in the Solanaceae family, grows in the deserts of China's Qinghai-Tibet plateau. LRM is widely consumed in traditional Chinese medicine, and its fruits are frequently used as herbal remedies to treat heart disease, fatigue, inflammation, and other conditions. Many studies have reported that LRM is rich in functional phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins and polysaccharides, and has various pharmacological actions. This article reviews research on the biological and pharmacological effects of the constituents of LRM fruits. LRM has various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-radiation, immune-enhancing, anti-tumor, and protective effects. LRM has much promise as a dietary supplement for preventing many types of chronic metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Chen P, Chen Y, Yan ZQ, Ding SY, Liu HP, Tu JQ, Zhang XW. Protective Effect of the Polysaccharides from Taraxacum mongolicum Leaf by Modulating the p53 Signaling Pathway in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice. Foods 2022; 11:3340. [PMID: 36359953 PMCID: PMC9656931 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dandelion is an edible plant with a variety of bioactive components. This paper mainly reports the antitumor activity of dandelion polysaccharide DLP120 on H22 tumor-bearing mice. DLP120 is an acidic polysaccharide composed of pectin and arabinogalactan. The results indicate that DLP120 markedly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated and regulated negative effects on organs. In addition, DLP120 not only increased the viability of spleen lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, but also increased the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood. Furthermore, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining showed that tumor tissues and cells exhibited typical pathology features. Annexin V FITC/PI staining and cell cycle distribution results further confirmed apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phases. Notably, there was a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Western blotting results demonstrated that the expression of p53 was up-regulated in the DLP120 group. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated while the inhibitory-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated. In addition, the expression of Fas and FasL, associated with the death receptor pathway, were also up-regulated. Overall, administration of DLP120 in H22 tumor-bearing mice can not only enhance immunity but also directly induce tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science &Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Yun D, Yan Y, Liu J. Isolation, structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lycium Genus Polysaccharide: An Overview of its Extraction, Structures, Pharmacological Activities and Biological Applications. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide is considered to be the main active ingredient of the genus Lycium L., which is taken from the dried fruit of the famous Chinese herbal medicine and precious tonic known as wolfberry. Traditional uses include nourishing the liver and kidney and improving eyesight, with widespread use in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Many studies have focused on the isolation and identification of the genus Lycium L. polysaccharide and its biological activities. However, the variety of raw materials and the mechanisms of polysaccharides differ. After extraction, the structure and biological activity of the obtained polysaccharides also differ. To date, approximately 58 kinds of polysaccharides have been isolated and purified from the Lycium genus, including water-soluble polysaccharides; homogeneous polysaccharides; pectin polysaccharides; acidic heteropolysaccharides; and arabinogalactans, which are composed of arabinose, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, ribose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. Pharmacological studies have shown that LBPs exhibit a variety of important biological activities, such as protection of nerves; promotion of reproduction; and anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and eyesight-improving activities. The aim this paper is to summarize previous and current references to the isolation process, structural characteristics, and biological activities of the genus Lycium L. polysaccharide. This review will provide a useful reference for further research and application of the genus Lycium L. polysaccharide in the field of functional food and medicine.
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A glycoprotein from mountain cultivated ginseng: Insights into their chemical characteristics and intracellular antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:761-774. [PMID: 35817242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A glycoprotein (MGP2) from mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) was purified by Tris-HCl extraction followed by DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The approximate molecular weight (27.0 kDa) and monomeric nature were determined by reduced and non-reduced SDS-PAGE. The structure of MGP2 was characterized by a practical and reliable "protein-polysaccharide analyzed by spectroscopy combined with chemical analysis" strategy. The results showed that MGP2 belonged to Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) which contained high amount of Glc (35.1 %). The hemagglutination test concluded that MGP2 was not a lectin. In addition, the MGP2 exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging radical capacity tests and the ability to protect human erythrocytes and RAW264.7 cells from oxidative damage induced by AAPH. Therefore, these results suggested that glycoprotein MGP2 could be used as a natural antioxidant in drug and food industry.
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Chain conformations and steady-shear viscosity properties of pectic polysaccharides from apple and tomato. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100296. [PMID: 35378729 PMCID: PMC8976093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple pectin was a high-ester polysaccharide, and tomato pectin was a low-ester one. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of AP was about 243 kDa, and that of TP was about 19 kDa. Two pectins presented semi-rigid chain conformation in aqueous solution. Elucidated the mechanism about shear thickening of two pectins.
In this study, apple pectin (AP) and tomato pectin (TP) were demonstrated to be a high-ester (74.8%) polysaccharide with the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of ∼ 243 kDa and a low-ester (45.9%) polysaccharide with the Mw of ∼ 19 kDa, respectively. The semi-rigid chain conformations of pectic polysaccharides in NaNO3 aqueous solution were deduced according to the Smidsrød “B values” of AP (0.025) and TP (0.029), while AP and TP exhibited higher stiffness in water due to the electric repulsion of carboxyl groups, which was visually observed by AFM images. Under steady shear, the shear-thickening behaviors of AP and TP in NaNO3 aqueous solutions were observed in the shear rate range of < 1 s−1, which were attributed to the disruption of the ordered arrangement induced by semi-rigid pectin chains into randomly entangled structure by weak shear force. AP exhibited stronger shear-thickening behavior due to the formation of more entanglements resulted from the higher Mw and longer side chains highly branched at rhamngalacturonan region. This study provides the scientific basis for the construction of the relationship of steady-shear property with chain conformation and molecular weight of pectin.
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Research progress of Lycium barbarum L. as functional food: phytochemical composition and health benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hui H, Gao W. Physicochemical features and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Herba Patriniae by gradient ethanol precipitation. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Yue F, Xu J, Zhang S, Hu X, Wang X, Lü X. Structural features and anticancer mechanisms of pectic polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:825-839. [PMID: 35447258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of pectic polysaccharides (PPs) was proved by numerous studies, and which also indicated that the bioactivity of PPs was closely related to its complicated structures. Based on the summary and analysis about structure characteristics and corresponding enzymatic process of the reported PPs, the anticancer mechanism and related structural features were systematically clarified. It was found that not only the direct effects on the cancer cells by proliferation inhibition or apoptosis, but also the regulation of immune system, gut microbiota and gut metabolism as indirect effects, jointly played important roles in the anticancer of PPs. Nevertheless, during the study of PPs as promising anticancer components, the exact structure-function relationship, digestion process in vivo, and comprehensive action mechanism are still not well understanding. With the unveiling of the proposed issues, it is believed that PPs are promising to be exploited as effective cancer therapy/adjunctive therapy drugs or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sitan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhu Z, Song X, Jiang Y, Yao J, Jiang Y, Li Z, Dai F. Chemical structure and antioxidant activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Asteris Radix et Rhizoma. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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In Situ Stability of Anthocyanins in Lycium ruthenicum Murray. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237073. [PMID: 34885653 PMCID: PMC8659163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the effects of drying method, storage temperature, and color protector glucose on anthocyanin preservation in the Lycium ruthenicum Murr. fruit were studied. Compared with hot-air drying, vacuum freeze-drying preserved about 5.8-fold more anthocyanins. The half-life of anthocyanins in the freeze-dried fruit samples with glucose was 3.6 days, 1.8 days, and 1.7 days at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 37 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the half-life values without glucose addition were 2.2 days, 2.3 days, and 2.1 days at each temperature, respectively, indicating that glucose protected anthocyanins at low temperature. The composition and contents of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in the freeze-dried Lycium ruthenicum Murr., stored for 20 days, were investigated with a HPLC-MS/MS setup. It was found that most anthocyanidins in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. are linked with coumaroyl glucose to form anthocyanins, while glycosylated and acetyl-glycosylated anthocyanins were also detected. Five anthocyanidins were detected: delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, malvidin, and peonidin, and delphinidin accounts for about half of the total amount of anthocyanidins. It is much more economic to conserve anthocyanins in situ with freeze-drying methods and to store the fruits at low temperatures with glucose.
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