1
|
Lu Z, Zhang H, Toivakka M, Xu C. Current progress in functionalization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) for active food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131490. [PMID: 38604423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in utilizing renewable biomass resources to manufacture environmentally friendly active food packaging, against the petroleum-based polymers. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have received significant attention recently due to their sustainability, biodegradability, and widely available sources. CNFs are generally obtained through chemical or physical treatment, wherein the original surface chemistry and interfacial interactions can be changed if the functionalization process is applied. This review focuses on promising and sustainable methods of functionalization to broaden the potential uses of CNFs in active food packaging. Novel aspects, including functionalization before, during and after cellulose isolation, and functionalization during and after material processing are addressed. The CNF-involved structural construction including films, membranes, hydrogels, aerogels, foams, and microcapsules, is illustrated, which enables to explore the correlations between structure and performance in active food packaging. Additionally, the enhancement of CNFs on multiple properties of active food packaging are discussed, in which the interaction between active packaging systems and encapsulated food or the internal environment are highlighted. This review emphasizes novel approaches and emerging trends that have the potential to revolutionize the field, paving the way for advancements in the properties and applications of CNF-involved active food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghong Lu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Martti Toivakka
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee K, Sim YL, Jeong H, Kim A, Lee Y, Shim SE, Qian Y. Mechanochemically functionalized and fibrillated microcrystalline cellulose as a filler in silicone foam: An integrated experimental and simulation investigation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121660. [PMID: 38171679 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrillated celluloses have gained significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties and eco-friendly characteristics, which make them suitable for various applications. In this study, we designed a precise approach for producing highly fibrillated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via ball-milling treatment using four typical silane coupling agents. The empirical data demonstrate that the fibrillization of MCC and the properties of fibrillated MCC are largely affected by the size and geometry of the functional groups of the silanes. After ball-milling, most MCC displayed enhanced e-beam tolerance and thermal stability, whereas the silane loading amount, surface area, and morphology of fibrillated MCC appeared to be random, which was exemplified by the proportional and non-proportional relationship between the loading amount and surface area of methyl silane- and phenyl silane-treated MCC, respectively. Density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to obtain the intricate details. The simulation results were in agreement with the experimental results. Finally, fibrillated MCC was incorporated into silicone foams as an additive. The thermal stability of fibrillated MCC with added silicone was greatly improved, and the tensile strength of fibrillated MCC-containing silicone foam was 44.1 and 5.4 times higher than that of the neat and MCC-containing silicone foams, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwon Lee
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Yoo Lim Sim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Asell Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Sang Eun Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - Yingjie Qian
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halford J, Chen CF. The Role of APTES as a Primer for Polystyrene Coated AA2024-T3. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 38258212 PMCID: PMC10820139 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) silane possesses one terminal amine group and three ethoxy groups extending from each silicon atom, acting as a crucial interface between organic and inorganic materials. In this study, after APTES was deposited on the aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 as a primer for an optional top coating with polystyrene (PS), its role with regard to stability as a protection layer and interaction with the topcoat were studied via combinatorial experimentation. The aluminum alloy samples primed with APTES under various durations of concentrated vapor deposition (20, 40, or 60 min) with an optional post heat treatment and/or PS topcoat were comparatively characterized via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface energy. The samples top-coated with PS on an APTES layer primed for 40 min with a post heat treatment revealed excellent performance regarding corrosion impedance. A primed APTES surface with higher surface energy accounted for this higher corrosion impedance. Based on the SEM images and the surface energy calculated from the measured contact angles on the APTES-primed surfaces, four mechanisms are suggested to explain that the good protection performance of the APTES/PS coating system can be attributed to the enhanced wettability of PS on the cured APTES primer with higher surface energy. The results also suggest that, in the early stages of exposure to the corrosion solution, a thinner APTES primer (deposited for 20 min) enhances protection against corrosion, which can be attributed to the hydrolytic stability and hydrolyzation/condensation of the soaked APTES and the dissolution of the naturally formed aluminum oxide pre-existing in the bare samples. An APTES primer subjected to additional heat treatment will increase the impedance of the coating system significantly. APTES, and silanes, in general, used as adherent agents or surface modifiers, have a wide range of potential applications in micro devices, as projected in the Discussion section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-fu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5905, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadykova AY, Ilyin SO. Nanocellulose-stabilized bitumen emulsions as a base for preparation of nanocomposite asphalt binders. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120896. [PMID: 37182979 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pickering bitumen emulsions stabilized by 1 % aqueous dispersion of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were used to obtain micro- and nanocomposite asphalt binders. Initial bitumen emulsions are characterized by a yield stress for a bitumen content of up to 40 %, while higher bitumen amounts result in phase inversion with the formation of highly viscous inverse emulsions. Drying of emulsions leads to the production of nanocomposite bitumen binders containing from 0.6 % to 8.3 % of MFC. In this case, the MFC content of 1.5 % or more formed a microfibrillar network in the bitumen, which gives it gel-like properties and the yield stress, increasing its cohesive strength and resistance to rutting. The effect of addition of 5 % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the properties of the bitumen emulsions and the resulting binders is considered. SDS increases the emulsifying ability of MFC, making it possible to obtain 70 % direct bitumen emulsions and reducing their effective viscosity together with the yield stress. However, the presence of SDS in the dried binders increases the aggregation of MFC, reducing the stiffness of the resulting microcomposite binders, their yield stress, and rutting resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Y Yadykova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey O Ilyin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Q, Ying D, Chen Y, Xie H, Zhang H, Chang C. Highly transparent, hydrophobic, and durable anisotropic cellulose films as electronic screen protectors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120735. [PMID: 37028870 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose films have attracted extensive interest in the field of burgeoning electronic devices. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously address the difficulties including facile methodology, hydrophobicity, optical transparency, and mechanical robustness. Herein, we reported a coating-annealing approach to fabricate highly transparent, hydrophobic, and durable anisotropic cellulose films, where poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PTFEMA) as low surface energy chemicals was coated onto regenerated cellulose films via physical (hydrogen bonds) and chemical (transesterification) interactions. The resultant films with nano-protrusions and low surface roughness exhibited high optical transparency (92.3 %, 550 nm) and good hydrophobicity. Moreover, the tensile strength of the hydrophobic films was 198.7 MPa and 124 MPa in dry and wet states, respectively, which also showed excellent stability and durability under various conditions, such as hot water, chemicals, liquid foods, tape peeling, finger pressing, sandpaper abrasion, ultrasonic treatment, and water jet. This work provided a promising large-scale production strategy for the preparation of transparent and hydrophobic cellulose-based films for electronic device protection as well as other emerging flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daofa Ying
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Transplant Center and Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxia Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huaran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunyu Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu S, Wang M, Xie Y, Qian W, Bai Y, Feng Q. Lignin self-assembly and auto-adhesion for hydrophobic cellulose/lignin composite film fabrication. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123598. [PMID: 36773872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of lignin are produced as a by-product of paper pulping, resulting in a tremendous waste of natural resources with potential uses across various areas. To achieve the value-added utilization of agricultural waste and lignin, we developed a method for the fabrication of a lignin structure-designed hydrophobic film (LSHF) directly through solvent/anti-solvent self-assembly (acetic acid aqueous solution/n-hexane) and auto-adhesion of acetic acid lignin (AL) on the surface of a lignocellulose film (LCF). As the morphology structure revealed, the LSHF had a rough surface composed of lignin colloidal spheres, which significantly improved the water contact angle (WCA) from ~80° to ~130°. Furthermore, benefiting from the auto-adhesion of lignin, the WCA was more stable in 240 s, demonstrating that the LSHF had a lower WCA decrease (15.53 % - 25.55 % decrease) than the LCF (41.97 % - 61.11 % decrease) and the sample without auto-adhesion (100 % decrease). Simultaneously, auto-adhesion endowed the LSHF with a ~50 % increase in tensile strength. This work provides a novel strategy for the fabrication of hydrophobic cellulose/lignin composite films via lignin self-assembly and auto-adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixu Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Miaolin Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weicheng Qian
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yuwen Bai
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qinghua Feng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A bioinspired, strong, all-natural, superhydrophobic cellulose-based straw. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:910-919. [PMID: 35998858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of cellulose-based paper straws is one of the important ways to improve white pollution nowadays. However, developing composite straws that are simultaneously highly biocompatible, safe, and non-toxic and that overcome the low water stability and physical strength problems caused by the inherent hydrophilicity of the raw material cellulose has become an important challenge in the development process. In this study, a new all-natural superhydrophobic straw (CFS) made of a composite of cellulose nanofibers and stearic acid was introduced. Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid derived from plant and animal oils. Inspired by the specific hydrophobicity of sugarcane cane peel, a green straw with both superhydrophobicity (water contact angle up to 153°) and remarkable mechanical strength (tensile strength up to 67.15 MPa) was developed by controlling the hydrophobic modification conditions of stearic acid through solvent vaporization. Furthermore, the composite straws under wet conditions had lower water absorption and exhibited excellent wet tensile strength compared to commercial paper straws. In addition, the composite straw without the addition of chemical binders avoids the defects of non-renewable products, fits into the global green development concept, and brings new strategies for the development of cellulose-based materials.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Liu X, He Q, Wang X, Lu H, Guo F, Zhang Y, Wang W. Multifunctional natural sepiolite nanofibre composite demulsifiers for efficient purification of oils and dyes in simulated and actual wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|