|
1
|
Yang Y, Zhou L, Feng L, Jiang J, Huang L, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liu Q. Deciphering the Role of Waxy Gene Mutations in Enhancing Rice Grain Quality. Foods 2024; 13:1624. [PMID: 38890853 PMCID: PMC11171567 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amylose content (AC) stands as a pivotal determinant of rice grain quality, primarily governed by the Waxy gene (Wx). The allelic variation within this gene, particularly the presence of the Wxmp allele derived from the ancestral Wxmq allele, significantly influences AC and is prevalent among soft japonica rice varieties in southern China. Although both alleles are associated with lower AC, there remains a paucity of detailed understanding regarding the interplay between specific functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these alleles and the overarching rice grain quality. To investigate this, we engineered three distinct transgenic rice lines, each harboring the Wxmp, Wxmq, or Wxb-5c alleles in the background of the glutinous rice cultivar Nip(wx). This suite of transgenic rice lines showcased varying degrees of grain transparency inversely correlated to AC, which in turn influenced other physicochemical properties of the rice grains, such as taste value of cooked rice, gel consistency, and starch pasting properties. Additionally, analyses of gene expression and enzyme activity revealed that the functional SNPs, Ex4-53G to A and Ex5-53T to C, lead to a decline in the activity of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) without altering expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Agro-Biology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Linhao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lichun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Agro-Biology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.F.); (J.J.); (L.H.); (Q.L.); (Q.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Liang C, Xu H, You H, Zhang O, Han Y, Li Q, Hu Y, Xiang X. Physicochemical properties and molecular mechanisms of different resistant starch subtypes in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1313640. [PMID: 38259949 PMCID: PMC10800921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1313640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) can help prevent diabetes and decrease calorie intake and that from plants are the main source of mankind consumption. Rice is many people's staple food and that with higher RS will help health management. A significantly positive correlation exists between apparent amylose content (AAC) of rice and its RS content. In this study, 72 accessions with moderate or high AAC were selected to explore the regulatory mechanisms and physicochemical properties on different proceeding types of rice RS. RS in raw milled rice (RSm), hot cooked rice (RSc), and retrogradation rice (RSr) showed a wide variation and distinct controlling mechanisms. They were co-regulated by Waxy (Wx), soluble starch synthase (SS) IIb and SSI. Besides that, RSm was also regulated by SSIIa and SSIVb, RSc by granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) II and RSr by GBSSII and Pullulanase (PUL). Moreover, Wx had significant interactions with SSIIa, SSI, SSIIb and SSIVb on RSm, but only the dominant interactions with SSIIb and SSI on RSc and RSr. Wx was the key factor for the formation of RS, especially the RSc and RSr. The genes had the highest expression at 17 days after flowering and were beneficial for RS formation. The longer the chain length of starch, the higher the RS3 content. RSc and RSr were likely to be contained in medium-size starch granules. The findings favor understanding the biosynthesis of different subtypes of RS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liang
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| | - Haoyang Xu
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| | - Hui You
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| | - Ouling Zhang
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| | - Yiman Han
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yungao Hu
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| | - Xunchao Xiang
- Lab of Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan, Mianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|