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Feliciano RDS, Atum ALB, Ruiz ÉGDS, Serra AJ, Antônio EL, Manchini MT, Silva JMA, Tucci PJF, Nathanson L, Morris M, Chavantes MC, Silva Júnior JA. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Myocardial Infarction in Rats: Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Implications to Cardiac Remodeling. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1247-1257. [PMID: 33846991 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Induction of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery is an experimental model used in research to elucidate functional, structural, and molecular modifications associated with ischemic heart disease. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has become a therapeutic alternative by modulating various biological processes eliciting several effects, including anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative actions. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of PBMT in the modulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes that occurred in myocardium signal transduction pathways after MI. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Continuous wave (CW) non-thermal laser parameters were: 660 nm wavelength, power 15 mW, with a total energy of 0.9 J, fluence of 1.15 J/cm2 , spot size of 0.785 cm2 , and time of 60 seconds. Using in silico analysis, we selected and then, quantified the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of 47 genes of 9 signaling pathways associated with MI (angiogenesis, cell survival, hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, calcium kinetics, cell metabolism, and inflammation). Messenger RNA expression quantification was performed in myocardial samples by polymerase chain reaction real-time array using TaqMan customized plates. RESULTS Our results evidenced that MI modified mRNA expression of several well-known biomarkers related to detrimental cardiac activity in almost all signaling pathways analyzed. However, PBMT reverted most of these transcriptional changes. More expressively, PBMT provoked a robust decrease in mRNA expression of molecules that participate in post-MI inflammation and ECM composition, such as IL-6, TNF receptor, TGFb1, and collagen I and III. Global microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis revealed that PBMT decreased miR-221, miR-34c, and miR-93 expressions post-MI, which are related to deleterious effects in cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSION Thus, the identification of transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes induced by PBMT may be used to interfere in the molecular dynamics of cardiac remodeling post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 709, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-001, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antônio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 709, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo José Ferreira Tucci
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 709, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-001, Brazil
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314
| | - Mariana Morris
- Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314
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Picollo CT, Santos AAD, Antonio EL, Silva JMA, Bocalini D, Serra AJ, Ihara SSM, Tucci PJF. Digitoxin Attenuates Heart Failure, Reduces Myocardial Hypertrophy, and Preserves the Calcium-Binding Proteins in Infarcted Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:265-272. [PMID: 31714152 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419887708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that digitoxin prolongs the survival of rats with heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we evaluated the effect of digitoxin on myocardial structure, ventricular function, and proteins involved in calcium kinetics. Seventy-two rats with MI >35% of the left ventricle were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: sham (n = 15), digitoxin (n = 11), infarction (n = 20), and infarction + digitoxin (n = 26). The rats were assessed 120 days after surgery by echocardiogram, hemodynamics, papillary muscle mechanics, collagen content, cardiomyocyte nuclear volume, and Western blot analysis of proteins involved in calcium kinetics. Digitoxin was administered via the rat chow. Two-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons. Myocardial infarction caused inotropic impairment, pulmonary congestion, increase of nuclear volume, myocardial collagen, and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger levels, and decreased SERCA2 and phosphorylated phospholamban levels. Treatment with digitoxin showed improvements in cardiac remodeling, inotropism, ventricular performance, pulmonary congestion, collagen accumulation, nuclear volume, and proteins involved in calcium kinetics. In rats with heart failure due to MI, long-term treatment with digitoxin attenuates congestive heart failure, mitigates myocardial remodeling and contractile impairment, and preserves myocardial levels of proteins involved in calcium kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila T Picollo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra A Dos Santos
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo M A Silva
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia S M Ihara
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Atrial fibrillation promotion in a rat model of heart failure induced by left ventricle radiofrequency ablation. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2018; 21:22-28. [PMID: 30258978 PMCID: PMC6153117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexists with congestive heart failure (CHF). The increased susceptibility to AF in CHF has been attributed to a variety of structural and electrophysiological changes in the atria, particularly dilation and interstitial fibrosis. We evaluated atrial remodeling and AF vulnerability in a rat model of CHF induced by left ventricle (LV) radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Methods Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: RF-induced CHF (Ab, n = 36), CHF animals treated with spironolactone (AbSpi, n = 20) and sham controls (Sham, n = 29). After 12 weeks, animals underwent echocardiographic and electrophysiological evaluation and were sacrificed for histological (atrial fibrosis) and Western blotting (TGF-β1, collagen I/III, connexin 43 and CaV1.2) analysis. Results Mild LV dysfunction and marked atrial enlargement were noted in both ablated groups. AF inducibility (episodes ≥2 s) increased in the Ab group compared to sham animals (31/36, 86%; vs. 15/29, 52%; p = 0.005), but did not differ from the AbSpi group (16/20, 80%; p = NS). Sustained AF (>30 s) was also more frequent in the Ab group compared to shams (56% vs. 28%; p = 0.04). Spironolactone reduced atrial fibrosis (p < 0.01) as well as TGF-β1 (p < 0.01) and collagen I/III (p < 0.01) expression but did not affect connexin 43 and CaV1.2 expression. Conclusions Rats with RF-induced CHF exhibit pronounced atrial structural remodeling and enhanced AF vulnerability. This model may be useful for studying AF substrate in CHF.
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Fardin NM, Antonio EL, Montemor JAS, da Veiga GL, Tucci PJF, Campos RR. Digitoxin improves cardiovascular autonomic control in rats with heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:643-50. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chronic treatment with digitoxin on arterial baroreceptor sensitivity for heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) control, cardiopulmonary reflex, and autonomic HR control in an animal model of heart failure (HF) were evaluated. Wistar rats were treated with digitoxin, which was administered in their daily feed (1 mg/kg per day) for 60 days. The following 3 experimental groups were evaluated: sham, HF, and HF treated with digitoxin (HF + DIG). We observed an increase in rSNA in the HF group (190 ± 29 pps, n = 5) compared with the sham group (98 ± 14 pps, n = 5). Digitoxin treatment prevented an increase in rSNA (98 ± 14 pps, n = 7). Therefore, arterial baroreceptor sensitivity was decreased in the HF group (−1.24 ± 0.07 bpm/mm Hg, n = 8) compared with the sham group (−2.27 ± 0.23 bpm/mm Hg, n = 6). Digitoxin did not alter arterial baroreceptor sensitivity in the HF + DIG group. Finally, the HF group showed an increased low frequency band (LFb: 23 ± 5 ms2, n = 8) and a decreased high frequency band (HFb: 77 ± 5 ms2, n = 8) compared with the sham group (LFb: 14 ± 3 ms2; HFb: 86 ± 3 ms2, n = 9); the HF+DIG group exhibited normalized parameters (LFb: 15 ± 3 ms2; HFb: 85 ± 3 ms2, n = 9). In conclusion, the benefits of decreasing rSNA are not directly related to improvements in peripheral cardiovascular reflexes; such occurrences are due in part to changes in the central nuclei of the brain responsible for autonomic cardiovascular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Mantovan Fardin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu, 862, CEP 04023-060, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Luciano da Veiga
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu, 862, CEP 04023-060, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Ferreira Tucci
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruy R. Campos
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu, 862, CEP 04023-060, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Role of low-level laser therapy on the cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction: A systematic review of experimental studies. Life Sci 2016; 151:109-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Manchini MT, Serra AJ, Feliciano RDS, Santana ET, Antônio EL, de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho P, Montemor J, Crajoinas RO, Girardi ACC, Tucci PJF, Silva JA. Amelioration of cardiac function and activation of anti-inflammatory vasoactive peptides expression in the rat myocardium by low level laser therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101270. [PMID: 24991808 PMCID: PMC4081549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used as an anti-inflammatory treatment in several disease conditions, even when inflammation is a secondary consequence, such as in myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanism by which LLLT is able to protect the remaining myocardium remains unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that LLLT reduces inflammation after acute MI in female rats and ameliorates cardiac function. The potential participation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS) vasoactive peptides was also evaluated. LLLT treatment effectively reduced MI size, attenuated the systolic dysfunction after MI, and decreased the myocardial mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in comparison to the non-irradiated rat tissue. In addition, LLLT treatment increased protein and mRNA levels of the Mas receptor, the mRNA expression of kinin B2 receptors and the circulating levels of plasma kallikrein compared to non-treated post-MI rats. On the other hand, the kinin B1 receptor mRNA expression decreased after LLLT. No significant changes were found in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the myocardial remote area between laser-irradiated and non-irradiated post-MI rats. Capillaries density also remained similar between these two experimental groups. The mRNA expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was increased three days after MI, however, this effect was blunted by LLLT. Moreover, endothelial NOS mRNA content increased after LLLT. Plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) concentration was increased three days after MI in non-treated rats and increased even further by LLLT treatment. Our data suggest that LLLT diminishes the acute inflammation in the myocardium, reduces infarct size and attenuates left ventricle dysfunction post-MI and increases vasoactive peptides expression and nitric oxide (NO) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jairo Montemor
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Dos Santos LF, Antonio EL, Serra AJ, Venturini G, Montemor J, Okada M, Araújo S, Tucci P, de Paola A, Fenelon G. Thermotolerance does not reduce the size or remodeling of radiofrequency lesions in the rat myocardium. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2012; 36:5-11; discussion 11. [PMID: 23080332 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-012-9746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Late lesion extension may be involved in the genesis of delayed radiofrequency (RF) effects. Because RF lesion is thermally mediated, we hypothesized that induction of heat shock response (thermotolerance) would modulate lesion healing. We evaluated the effects of thermotolerance on the dimensions and remodeling of RF lesions in a rat model of heart failure. METHODS Wistar rats (weight 300 g) subjected to heat stress (n = 22, internal temperature of 42 °C for 10 min) were compared to controls (n = 22, internal temperature of 37 °C for 10 min). After 48 h (peak of HSP70 myocardial concentration), a modified unipolar RF lesion (customized catheter, tip 4.5 mm in diameter; 12 W; 10 s) was created on the left ventricular free wall. Animals were sacrificed 2 h (n = 10 per group) and 4 weeks (n = 12 per group) after ablation for lesion analysis. An echocardiogram was obtained at 4 weeks. RESULTS There was no difference between groups regarding the size of acute (controls 27 ± 2 vs. treated 27 ± 3 mm(2)) and chronic lesions (controls 17 ± 1 vs. treated 19 ± 1 mm(2)). Histology of lesions did not differ between groups. The echocardiogram revealed dilation of the cavities and moderate systolic dysfunction without difference between groups. Acute lesion dimensions were similar between control and treated animals over time (ablation undertaken 3, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after hyperthermia) and also using a conventional ablation catheter (50 °C; 15 W; 10 s). CONCLUSION Thermotolerance does not reduce the size or remodeling of RF lesions in the rat myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Felipe Dos Santos
- Discipline of Cardiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo 781, 10th Floor (Cardiology), São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
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Helber I, Dos Santos AA, Antonio EL, Flumignan RL, Bocalini DS, Piccolo C, Gheorghiade M, Tucci PJ. Digitoxin Prolongs Survival of Female Rats With Heart Failure Due to Large Myocardial Infarction. J Card Fail 2009; 15:798-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Antonio EL, Dos Santos AA, Araujo SRR, Bocalini DS, Dos Santos L, Fenelon G, Franco MF, Tucci PJF. Left ventricle radio-frequency ablation in the rat: a new model of heart failure due to myocardial infarction homogeneous in size and low in mortality. J Card Fail 2009; 15:540-8. [PMID: 19643366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to create a model of myocardial infarction (MI) that is homogeneous in size with a low immediate (24 hours) mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS Male and female rats (n = 256) underwent left ventricle (LV) ablation (Ab) by a radiofrequency current (1000 kHz; 12 watts for 12 seconds) to promote a MI. A transmural MI occurred in all rats. Post-Ab complex arrhythmias were frequent (atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, and fibrillation), which rapidly and spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm. Among 66 male rats, immediate mortality occurred in 7.5%. Small MI size dispersion was characterized by smaller variability following Ab (x +/- SD: 45 +/- 8%) when compared with coronary occlusion (Oc; 40 +/- 19%). The histopathologic evaluations identified lesions similar to those which occurred following Oc, with scarring complete at 4 weeks. The hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiograms showed comparable increases in LV dimension, end-diastolic pressure, and pulmonary water content 1 and 4 weeks post-MI. Papillary muscle mechanics 6 weeks post-MI had matched inotropic and lusitropic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS LV Ab gave rise to a MI within a narrow size limit and with a low immediate mortality. LV Ab resulted in histopathologic evolution, ventricular dilation, and dysfunction, impairment in myocardial mechanics, and congestive outcome that reproduced a MI from Oc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednei L Antonio
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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