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Eltayeb M, Squire I, Sze S. Biomarkers in heart failure: a focus on natriuretic peptides. Heart 2024; 110:809-818. [PMID: 37673654 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While progress has been made in the management of most aspects of cardiovascular disease, the incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) remains high. HF affects around a million people in the UK and has a worse prognosis than most cancers. Patients with HF are often elderly with complex comorbidities, making accurate assessment of HF challenging. A timely diagnosis and initiation of evidence-based treatments are key to prevent hospitalisation and improve outcomes in this population. Biomarkers have dramatically impacted the way patients with HF are evaluated and managed. The most studied biomarkers in HF are natriuretic peptides (NPs). Since their discovery in the 1980s, there has been an explosion of work in the field of NPs and they have become an important clinical tool used in everyday practice to guide diagnosis and prognostic assessment of patients with HF. In this article, we will review the physiology of NPs and study their biological effects. Then, we will discuss the role of NPs in the diagnosis, management and prognostication of patients with HF. We will also explore the role of NPs as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eltayeb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Iain Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Shirley Sze
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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2
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Averbuch T, Mohamed MO, Islam S, Defilippis EM, Breathett K, Alkhouli MA, Michos ED, Martin GP, Kontopantelis E, Mamas MA, Van Spall HGC. The Association Between Socioeconomic Status, Sex, Race / Ethnicity and In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2021; 28:697-709. [PMID: 34628014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between socioeconomic status (SES), sex, race / ethnicity and outcomes during hospitalization for heart failure (HF) has not previously been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed HF hospitalizations in the United States National Inpatient Sample between 2015 and 2017. Using a hierarchical, multivariable Poisson regression model to adjust for hospital- and patient-level factors, we assessed the association between SES, sex, and race / ethnicity and all-cause in-hospital mortality. We estimated the direct costs (USD) across SES groups. Among 4,287,478 HF hospitalizations, 40.8% were in high SES, 48.7% in female, and 70.0% in White patients. Relative to these comparators, low SES (homelessness or lowest quartile of median neighborhood income) (relative risk [RR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.05) and male sex (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.11) were associated with increased risk, whereas Black (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.81) and Hispanic (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.93) race / ethnicity were associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality (5.1% of all hospitalizations). There were significant interactions between race / ethnicity and both, SES (P < .01) and sex (P = .04), such that racial/ethnic differences in outcome were more pronounced in low SES groups and in male patients. The median direct cost of admission was lower in low vs high SES groups ($9324.60 vs $10,940.40), female vs male patients ($9866.60 vs $10,217.10), and Black vs White patients ($9077.20 vs $10,019.80). The median costs increased with SES in all demographic groups primarily related to greater procedural utilization. CONCLUSIONS SES, sex, and race / ethnicity were independently associated with in-hospital mortality during HF hospitalization, highlighting possible care disparities. Racial/ethnic differences in outcome were more pronounced in low SES groups and in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Averbuch
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M O Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - S Islam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - E M Defilippis
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - K Breathett
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - M A Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
| | - E D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G P Martin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - E Kontopantelis
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M A Mamas
- Department of Cardiology, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - H G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Morris AA, Nayak A, Ko YA, D'Souza M, Felker GM, Redfield MM, Tang WHW, Testani JM, Butler J. Racial Differences in Diuretic Efficiency, Plasma Renin, and Rehospitalization in Subjects With Acute Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006827. [PMID: 32635768 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black patients have higher rates of hospitalization for acute heart failure than other race/ethnic groups. We sought to determine whether diuretic efficiency is associated with racial differences in risk for rehospitalization after acute heart failure. METHODS A post hoc analysis was performed on 721 subjects (age, 68±13 years; 22% black) enrolled in 3 acute heart failure clinical trials: ROSE-AHF (Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation in Acute Heart Failure), DOSE-AHF (Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure), and CARRESS-HF (Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test for a race×time effect on measures of decongestion. Diuretic efficiency was calculated as net fluid balance per total furosemide equivalents. In a subset of subjects, Cox regression was used to examine the association between race and rehospitalization according to plasma renin activity (PRA). RESULTS Compared with nonblack patients, black patients were younger and more likely to have nonischemic heart failure. During the first 72 to 96 hours, there was greater fluid loss (P=0.001), decrease in NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; P=0.002), and lower levels of PRA (P<0.0001) in black patients. Diuretic efficiency was higher in black than in nonblack patients (403 [interquartile range, 221-795] versus 325 [interquartile range, 154-698]; P=0.014). However, adjustment for baseline PRA attenuated the association between black race and diuretic efficiency. Over a median follow-up of 68 (interquartile range, 56-177) days, there was an increased risk of all-cause and heart failure-specific rehospitalization in nonblack patients with increasing levels of PRA, while the risk of rehospitalization was relatively constant across levels of PRA in black patients. CONCLUSIONS Higher diuretic efficiency in black patients with acute heart failure may be related to racial differences in activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna A Morris
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.M., A.N., M.D.)
| | - Aditi Nayak
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.M., A.N., M.D.)
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA (Y.-A.K.)
| | - Melroy D'Souza
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.A.M., A.N., M.D.)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey M Testani
- Division of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.M.T.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.)
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4
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Associations of adiponectin and leptin with brain natriuretic peptide in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 9:49-55. [PMID: 32537565 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated in decompensated systolic and diastolic heart failure. The plasma levels of adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, may provide evidence for mechanistic differences in BNP concentrations. African-American-specific associations are limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of adiponectin and leptin with BNP among African Americans. METHODS Linear and logistic regressions were used to test the associations between adiponectin, leptin, and plasma BNP in 3738 participants of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a single-site prospective cohort study of African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi. RESULTS A direct relationship of adiponectin was observed in multiple multivariate-adjusted linear models: in men (β = 0.41-0.47), and in women (β = 0.32-0.38). Those in the highest quartile of adiponectin expression were twice as likely to have elevated BNP levels after adjustment [odds ratio 2.66 (95% confidence interval, 1.66-4.34)]. An inverse relationship of leptin with BNP was observed (β = -0.15) but attenuated after adjustment for aldosterone, renin, and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Different linear associations of adiponectin and leptin with BNP were observed. Odds of elevated adiponectin were observed with elevated BNP in multivariate-adjusted models. This paradoxical relationship of adiponectin and plasma BNP is possibly explained through adiponectin resistance.
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Huang FY, Huang BT, Tsauo JY, Peng Y, Xia TL, Zhang C, Liu RS, Zuo ZL, Wang PJ, Heng Y, Liu W, Pu XB, Gui YY, Chen SJ, Liao YB, Zhu Y, Chen M. The influence of age on the clinical implications of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in acute coronary syndrome. Intern Emerg Med 2016; 11:1077-1086. [PMID: 27344578 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no studies addressing the influence of age on the prognostic information of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in Asian population with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic performance of NT-proBNP in Chinese patients with ACS across different age groups. A total of 1512 ACS patients with venous blood NT-proBNP measured were enrolled. Patients were divided into tertiles based on their ages (<61, 61-71, ≥72 years). The median NT-proBNP concentrations in the three groups (T1-T3) were 406, 573, and 1288 pg/ml (p < 0.001), respectively. During a median follow-up of 23 months, 150 all-cause deaths occurred, and 88 (58.7 %) were attributed to cardiovascular cause. NT-proBNP levels are independently associated with mortality in each age group [1st group: HR 2.19 95 % CI (1.17-4.10); 2nd group: HR 1.82 95 % CI (1.04-3.20); 3rd group: HR 1.48 95 % CI (1.09-2.01), P interaction = 0.062]. NT-proBNP improves discrimination and reclassification for mortality beyond thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score in patients of all ages. The optimal NT-proBNP cutoff points for predicting mortality in three age groups are 1511, 2340, and 2883 pg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, NT-proBNP is a valuable biomarker in predicting long-term mortality and provides an improvement in discrimination and reclassification for prognosis in ACS patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bao-Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Yu Tsauo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian-Li Xia
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Shuang Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Heng
- Department of Family Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Pu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Yue Gui
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi-Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Biao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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The role of natriuretic peptides for the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:784670. [PMID: 24191143 PMCID: PMC3804447 DOI: 10.1155/2013/784670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are entered in current guidelines for heart failure (HF) diagnosis and management because of their high specificity and sensibility in screening patients with acute dyspnea. Due to their availability and relatively low cost, they became the first step examinations in HF patients evaluation at hospital admission together with clinical and chest radiography examination. NPs are released following any cardiac haemodynamic stress due to volume or pressure overload and should be considered as a mirror of cardiac condition helping in recognizing patients with poor outcome. Moreover, the exact role of NPs in early HF stages, in isolated diastolic dysfunction, and in general population is questioned. Several promising reports described their potential role; however, the wide cut-off definition, inclusion criteria, and intrinsic measurement biases do not actually consent to their clinical application in these settings. A multimodality strategy including both NPs and imaging studies appears to be the best strategy to define the cardiac dysfunction etiology and its severity as well as to identify patients with higher risk. In this review, we describe the current and potential role of NPs in patients with asymptomatic cardiac insufficiency, evaluating the requirement to obtain a better standardization for imaging as for laboratory criteria.
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7
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Steele LL, Steele JR. Heart failure outcomes based on race and gender of patients in a medically undeserved area. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 17:139-47. [PMID: 23975013 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate changes in quality of life (QoL), disease severity and exercise tolerance of heart failure (HF) patients in a medically underserved clinic based on race and gender. Despite advances in the treatment of HF over the past decade, incidence, morbidity and mortality for patients continue to rise while QoL declines. HF is common in African-Americans and women; however, there is limited research focusing on race and gender variables. Health related QoL, disease severity measured by B-type natriuretic peptide blood test (BNP) and ejection fraction (EF), and exercise tolerance measured by six minute walk test (6MWT) were assessed at admission and at 6 months in a convenience sample of 53 patients. Variables were compared by race and gender. The sample was 67.9% African American and 62.3% male. Men had greater improvements than women in QoL, BNP, and EF, while women had greater improvements in the 6MWT. African Americans had greater improvements than Whites in all four variables. Even in the presence of disease severity in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III and IV HF, there were significant improvements in QoL, BNP, HF outcomes demonstrating the importance of developing culturally sensitive and gender-specific treatment plans.
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8
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Krim SR, Vivo RP, Krim NR, Qian F, Cox M, Ventura H, Hernandez AF, Bhatt DL, Fonarow GC. Racial/Ethnic differences in B-type natriuretic peptide levels and their association with care and outcomes among patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2013; 1:345-352. [PMID: 24621938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine if there were differences in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels across racial/ethnic groups and in their association with quality of care and in-hospital outcomes among patients with heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether BNP levels and their associations with quality of care and prognosis vary by race/ethnicity among patients hospitalized with HF. METHODS Using Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF), patient characteristics and BNP levels at admission were compared among 4 racial/ethnic populations: white, black, Hispanic, and Asian. The associations between BNP, quality of care, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay (LOS) across these groups were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 92,072 patients (65,037 white, 19,092 black, 6,747 Hispanic, and 1,196 Asian) from 264 hospitals were included. Median BNP levels were higher in Asian (1,066 pg/ml) and black (866 pg/ml) patients than in white (776 pg/ml) and Hispanic (737 pg/ml) patients, and race/ethnicity was independently associated with BNP levels (p < 0.0001). Irrespective of race/ethnicity, patients in higher BNP quartiles (Q3, Q4) were more likely to be older and male and have lower body mass index, reduced ejection fraction, and renal insufficiency, whereas those in the lowest quartile (Q1) were more likely to have diabetes. With some exceptions, there were no significant racial/ethnic differences in the association of BNP levels with performance measure adherence. In multivariate analysis, elevated BNP levels remained associated with longer LOS and increased mortality in all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Asian and black patients with HF had higher BNP levels at admission compared with white and Hispanic patients. BNP levels at admission provided prognostic value for in-hospital mortality and hospital LOS irrespective of race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim R Krim
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Rey P Vivo
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Feng Qian
- University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, New York
| | | | - Hector Ventura
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Deepak L Bhatt
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Choi EY, Bahrami H, Wu CO, Greenland P, Cushman M, Daniels LB, Almeida ALC, Yoneyama K, Opdahl A, Jain A, Criqui MH, Siscovick D, Darwin C, Maisel A, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, left ventricular mass, and incident heart failure: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:727-34. [PMID: 23032197 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.968701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is associated with clinically overt heart failure (HF). However, whether it provides additive prognostic information for incident HF beyond traditional risk factors and left ventricular (LV) mass index among multi-ethnic asymptomatic individuals has not yet been determined. We studied the associations of plasma NT-proBNP and magnetic resonance imaging defined LV mass index with incident HF in an asymptomatic multi-ethnic population. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 5597 multi-ethnic participants without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease underwent baseline measurement of NT-proBNP and were followed for 5.5±1.1 years. Among them, 4163 also underwent baseline cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. During follow-up, 111 participants experienced incident HF. Higher NT-proBNP was significantly associated with incident HF, independent of baseline age, sex, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, medications (anti-hypertensive and statin), LV mass index, and interim myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 1.95 per 1U log NT-proBNP increment, 95% CI 1.54-2.46, P<0.001). This relationship held among different ethnic groups, non-Hispanic whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics. Most importantly, NT-proBNP provided additive prognostic value beyond both traditional risk factors and LV mass index for predicting incident HF (integrated discrimination index=0.046, P<0.001; net reclassification index; 6-year risk probability categorized by <3%, 3-10%, >10% =0.175, P=0.019; category-less net reclassification index=0.561, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma NT-proBNP provides incremental prognostic information beyond traditional risk factors and the magnetic resonance imaging-determined LV mass index for incident symptomatic HF in an asymptomatic multi-ethnic population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00005487.
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10
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Palazzuoli A, Beltrami M, Pellegrini M, Nuti R. Natriuretic peptides and NGAL in heart failure: does a link exist? Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1832-8. [PMID: 22820397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been growing interest in the development of new diagnostic tools and particularly in laboratory tests for the identification of heart failure (HF) patients. Because of the rise in HF occurrence, it is necessary to use simple and reliable method to recognize those patients at risk before the onset of the clinical symptoms. To date HF diagnosis remains difficult: its symptoms and signs are often non specific as well as being poor sensitive indicators for HF severity. Throughout the last 10 years published literature has highlighted a boom in the use of biomarkers for HF. Both B-type and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides have demonstrated specific role in heart failure diagnosis, as well as risk assessment. A single determination of BNP at any time during the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) provides a clinically useful tool to establish the outcome. Renal dysfunction is often associated with heart failure and predicts adverse clinical outcomes. Many studies have recently suggested the clinical use of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in patients admitted to the hospital for acute HF can be used to estimate the risk of early worsening renal function. This could be potentially applied in clinical practice for early identification of renal dysfunction development in patients with HF. NGAL levels appear also to predict renal dysfunction in patients with chronic HF and preserved renal function. For all these reasons, BNP and NGAL are two emerging tools useful for diagnosis and prognosis in HF. The combination of two laboratory biomarkers could potentially identify patients with more elevated risks of both cardiac hemodynamic impairment and kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Palazzuoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, UOS Cardiology, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital Siena, University of Siena, Italy.
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11
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Henry-Okafor Q, Collins SP, Jenkins CA, Miller KF, Maron DJ, Naftilan AJ, Weintraub N, Fermann GJ, McPherson J, Menon S, Sawyer DB, Storrow AB. Relationship between Uric Acid Levels and Diagnostic and Prognostic Outcomes in Acute Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:9-15. [PMID: 24058387 DOI: 10.2174/1875318301205010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association of plasma uric acid alone and in combination with b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for emergency department (ED) diagnosis and 30-day prognosis in patients evaluated for acute heart failure (AHF). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 322 adult ED patients with suspected AHF. Wilcoxon rank sum test, multivariable logistic regression and likelihood ratio (LR) tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Uric acid's diagnostic utility was poor and failed to show significant associations with 30-day clinical outcomes. Uric acid also did not add significantly to BNP results. CONCLUSION Among ED patients with suspected AHF, uric acid has poor diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Henry-Okafor
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and the Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Palazzuoli A, Gallotta M, Quatrini I, Nuti R. Natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP): measurement and relevance in heart failure. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2010; 6:411-8. [PMID: 20539843 PMCID: PMC2882893 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients presenting with acute dyspnea, an incorrect diagnosis could increase the mortality risk. When used in the evaluation of patients with acute symptoms, brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP and NT-proBNP, respectively) testing is highly sensitive for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute or chronic decompensated heart failure (HF). It has been demonstrated that BNP and proBNP levels can facilitate diagnosis and guide HF therapy. Natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are strictly related with HF severity; they are particularly increased in more advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes and in patients with poor outcome. Therefore elevated NP levels were found to correlate with the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction and pressures, and left ventricular filling alterations. However, the optimal use of NP determination agrees with patient history, physical examination, and all other diagnostic tools. There are some clinical conditions (ie, obesity, renal insufficiency anemia) for which the NP measurement is not diagnostic. Algorithm building taking into consideration all clinical and echocardiographic parameters, as well as NP measurements, may lead to the earlier identification and better risk stratification of patients with chronic HF, independently from etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palazzuoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Section of Cardiology Le Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Italy.
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Newton PJ, Betihavas V, Macdonald P. The role of b-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure management. Aust Crit Care 2009; 22:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Aktas MK, Allen D, Jaber WA, Chuang HH, Taylor DO, Yamani MH. Relation of brain natriuretic peptide level to extent of left ventricular scarring in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103:243-5. [PMID: 19121444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple factors influence brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) release in patients with heart failure. We hypothesized that extensive myocardial scarring could result in an attenuated BNP response. A total of 115 patients with New York Heart Association class III chronic heart failure and ischemic cardiomyopathy were evaluated for ischemia, hibernation, and myocardial scarring by dipyridamole-rubidium-positron emission tomographic scanning with fluorine-18, 2-fluoro-2-deoxyyglucose. Plasma BNP levels were determined within 2 weeks of the study. Left ventricular dimension and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Patients were categorized as having <33% myocardial scar (n=67) or>or=33% myocardial scar (n=48). BNP measurements were correlated with amount of myocardial scarring. Compared with patients with less scar, those with >or=33% scar had lower BNP levels (mean 317+/-364 vs 635+/-852 pg/ml, median 212 vs 357, p=0.016). Using multiple regression analysis, presence of scarring was associated with decreased BNP response (p=0.022). Further, patients with <33% scar in whom a higher BNP level was noted had more ischemia (51% vs 27%, p=0.01) and greater myocardial hibernation (22+/-14% vs 12+/-7%, p=0.02) compared with patients with >or=33% scar. In conclusion, in patients with chronic heart failure, a decreased BNP response indicated extensive myocardial scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kemal Aktas
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Endothelial dysfunction in African-Americans. Int J Cardiol 2008; 132:157-72. [PMID: 19004510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The journey of atherosclerosis begins with endothelial dysfunction and culminates into its most fearful destination producing ischemia, myocardial infarction and death. The excess cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in African-Americans is one of the major public health problems. In this review, we discuss vascular endothelial dysfunction as a key element for excess cardiovascular disease burden in this target population. It can be logical window of future atherosclerotic outcomes, and further efforts should be made to detect it at the earliest in African American individuals even if they are appearing healthy as the therapeutic interventions if instituted early, might prevent the subsequent cardiac events.
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