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Gossner J. A pictorial review of scrotal and penile pathology on computed tomography. Emerg Radiol 2024; 31:103-111. [PMID: 38194213 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-023-02198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) may show a variety of scrotal and penile pathologic finding, but is usually not used as a first-line imaging due to its limited soft tissue contrast. Nonetheless, there are three main scenarios for imaging of the scrotum and penis with CT. Pathologies may be found incidentally in patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic CT scanning for different reasons. In emergency settings, CT is frequently performed, and the recognition of scrotal and penile pathologies by the reporting radiologist is crucial to ensure optimal patient treatment and outcome. If MRI scanning cannot be performed due to contraindications or is unavailable in resource, limited CT may be used for the further characterization of scrotal and penile pathology found on ultrasound. This pictorial review wants to familiarize general and emergency radiologists with the anatomy and possible pathological findings of the scrotum and penis on CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gossner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, An der Lutter 24, 37074, Göttingen, Germany.
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Zhou M, Zhang L, Zeng J, Lan Y, He F, Gao W, Li J, Wang Q, Guo W, Yuan Z, Zhang J. Visualizing the early-stage testicular torsion by dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100523. [PMID: 37362871 PMCID: PMC10285283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Delayed treatment of testicular torsion (TT) can lead to permanent loss of reproductive capacity. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and ultrasound imaging (USI) was tested for detecting TT at early stage in mice based on PAI-obtained oxygen saturation (sO2), and USI-collected color pixel density (CPD), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI). For complete TT, both CPD (9.08 % ± 3.084 to almost zero) and sO2 data (70.09 % ± 1.656-59.84 % ± 1.427) showed an significant change 2 h post-torsion. For incomplete TT, sO2 data exhibited a strong time relationship (Mean values: 6 h, 64.83 % ± 1.898; 12 h, 60.67 % ± 3.555; 24 h, 57.85 % ± 3.575; P < 0.05). However, USI-collected CPD, PSV or IR data from the same TT models showed no significant difference. This study indicated that USI and PAI could identify complete TT. Meanwhile, PAI has shown great potential in the diagnosis of incomplete TT within 24 h based on time-related sO2 map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engine Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Luting Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- Guangdong Engine Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yintao Lan
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health—Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbing He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijian Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macao, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engine Research Center of Urinary Continence and Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
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Testicular Torsion Appearance and Diagnosis on Computed Tomography of the Abdomen/Pelvis: Case Report. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.5811/2022.2.55315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Testicular torsion, or the twisting of the spermatic cord compromising blood flow to the testis, is a urologic emergency with the potential to cause infertility in male patients. The diagnosis may be clinical or confirmed using imaging, with ultrasound being the modality of choice.
Case Report: We present a case of right lower quadrant pain with radiation to the groin and right scrotum in a young male. A computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was ordered to assess for appendicitis, which showed a “whirl” sign on the inferior periphery of the images near the scrotum. The finding was not appreciated during the emergency department visit and the patient was discharged home. He returned 48 hours later due to continued pain and was ultimately diagnosed with testicular torsion via ultrasound and surgical pathology.
Conclusion: This is the first reported case to our knowledge identifying “whirl” sign for the diagnosis of testicular torsion. This finding was not appreciated by multiple clinicians during the initial patient presentation, highlighting the uncommon nature of the finding.
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