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Wei R, Yang J, Gao M, Wang H, Hou W, Mu Y, Chen G, Hong T. Infarcted cardiac microenvironment may hinder cardiac lineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1235-1246. [PMID: 27600481 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironment regulates cell fate and function. In this study, we investigated the effects of the infarcted cardiac microenvironment on cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). hESCs were intramyocardially transplanted into infarcted or uninjured rat hearts. After 4 weeks, mesodermal and cardiac lineage markers were detected by immunofluorescence. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. hESCs were differentiated in vitro under hypoxic (5% O2 ), low-nutrient (5% FBS), or control condition. The numbers of beating clusters, proportions of cardiac troponin T (cTnT)-positive cells, and relative levels of cardiac-specific markers were determined. Results showed that in both uninjured and infarcted hearts, hESCs survived, underwent development, and formed intracardiac grafts, with a higher proportion in the uninjured hearts. However, cells that were double positive for human fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1), a marker of cardiac progenitors, and human β-tubulin, a marker for labeling human cells, were found in the uninjured hearts but not in the infarcted hearts. hESC transplantation did not restore the cardiac function of acutely infarcted rats. In vitro, low FBS treatment was associated with fewer beating clusters, a lower proportion of cTnT-positive cells and lower levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) expression than those in the control. Conversely, hypoxia treatment was associated with a higher proportion of cTnT-positive cells and higher levels of cTnI expression. In conclusion, transplanted hESCs differentiate toward Flk1-positive cardiac progenitors in the uninjured but not infarcted hearts. The infarcted cardiac microenvironment recapitulated is unsuitable for cardiac differentiation of hESCs, likely due to nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfang Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guian Chen
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Clinical Stem Cell Research Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Kharizinejad E, Minaee Zanganeh B, Khanlarkhani N, Mortezaee K, Rastegar T, Baazm M, Abolhassani F, Sajjadi SM, Hajian M, Aliakbari F, Barbarestani M. Role of spermatogonial stem cells extract in transdifferentiation of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into germ-like cells. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:365-73. [PMID: 26969916 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As one of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) methods, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCS ) extract is considered as new approach in stem cell therapy of infertility. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) inhibits methyltransferase enzyme, and induces gene reprogramming; herein, the effects of SSCS extract incubation in 5-aza-dC-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been surveyed. BMMSCs were isolated from femurs of three to four weeks old male NMRI mice, and the cells at passage three were treated with 2 µM 5-aza-dC for 72 hours. SSCs were isolated, cultured, and harvested at passage three to collect SSCS extract; BMMSCs were then incubated with SSCS extract in the three time periods: 72 hours, one week and two weeks. There were five groups: control, sham, extract, 5-aza-dC and extract-5-aza-dC. After one week of incubation, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) exhibited high levels of expression for β1- and α6-integrins and promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF) in extract and extract-5-aza-dC groups (P < 0.05 vs. control and 5-aza-dC), and cells in these two groups had two forms of morphology, round and fusiform, similar to germ-like cells. 5-aza-dC had no significant effects during the three time periods of evaluation. These data disclose the effectiveness of SSCs extract incubation in transdifferentiation of BMMSCs into germ-like cells; this strategy could introduce a new approach for treatment of male infertility in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kharizinejad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Minaee Zanganeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farid Abolhassani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hajian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Aliakbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barbarestani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gao M, Yang J, Liu G, Wei R, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang G, Gao H, Chen G, Hong T. Ghrelin promotes the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in infarcted cardiac microenvironment. Peptides 2012; 34:373-9. [PMID: 22386650 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is broadly expressed in myocardial tissues, where it exerts different functions. It also has been found to have a wide variety of biological functions on cell differentiation and tissue development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ghrelin on human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation in infarcted cardiac microenvironment. The hESCs grown on feeder layers expressed several pluripotential markers including alkaline phosphatase (AKP). Four weeks after transplantation into rat infarcted hearts, the hESCs and their progeny cells survived and formed intracardiac grafts were 54.7% and 19.6% respectively in ghrelin- and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated groups. Double immunostaining with anti-human Sox9 and anti-HNA or anti-human fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk1) and anti β-tubulin showed that the human grafts were in development. However, double positive stains were only found in the ghrelin-treated group. In addition, the hESC injection protocol was insufficient to restore heart function of the acute myocardial infarction model. Our study, therefore, provides a new insight of ghrelin on promoting hESC survival and differentiation in rat infarcted cardiac microenvironment. This may give a clue for therapy for myocardial infarction by hESCs or progeny cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Prabhakaran MP, Kai D, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun biocomposite nanofibrous patch for cardiac tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:055001. [PMID: 21813957 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A bioengineered construct that matches the chemical, mechanical, biological properties and extracellular matrix morphology of native tissue could be suitable as a cardiac patch for supporting the heart after myocardial infarction. The potential of utilizing a composite nanofibrous scaffold of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)/gelatin (PLGA/Gel) as a biomimetic cardiac patch is studied by culturing a population of cardiomyocyte containing cells on the electrospun scaffolds. The chemical characterization and mechanical properties of the electrospun PLGA and PLGA/Gel nanofibers were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile measurements. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was also studied and the cardiomyocytes seeded on PLGA/Gel nanofibers were found to express the typical functional cardiac proteins such as alpha-actinin and troponin I, showing the easy integration of cardiomyocytes on PLGA/Gel scaffolds. Our studies strengthen the application of electrospun PLGA/Gel nanofibers as a bio-mechanical support for injured myocardium and as a potential substrate for induction of endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation, ultimately reducing the cardiac dysfunction and improving cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molamma P Prabhakaran
- Health Care and Energy Materials Laboratory, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Cardiomyocyte marker expression in a human lymphocyte cell line using mouse cardiomyocyte extract. Hum Cell 2011; 24:35-42. [PMID: 21547694 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-011-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation shows potential for the treatment of cardiac diseases. Embryonic stem cells, cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells have been suggested as sources for transplantation therapy. Because of some technical limitations with the use of stem cells, transdifferentiation of fully differentiated cells is a potentially useful alternative. We investigated whether human peripheral blood cells could transdifferentiate into cardiomyocyte. Transdifferentiation was induced in a human B lymphocyte cell line (Raji). Cardiomyocyte extract was prepared from adult mouse cardiomyocytes. The cells were treated with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, permeabilized with streptolysin O, and exposed to the mouse cardiomyocyte extract. They were cultured for 10 days, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. Cardiomyocyte markers were detected with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry revealed that some cells expressed myosin heavy chain, α-actinin and cardiac troponin T after 3 and 4 weeks. Flow cytometry confirmed these data. In cells exposed to trichostatin A and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and permeabilized in the presence of the cardiomyocyte extract, troponin T expression was seen in 3.53% of the cells and 3.11% of them expressed α-actinin. After exposure to the cardiomyocyte extract, some permeabilized cells adhered to the plate loosely; however, the morphology did not change significantly, and they continued to show a rounded shape after 4 weeks. Our treated lymphocytes expressed cardiomyocyte markers. Our results suggest that lymphocytes may be useful in future research as a source of cells for reprogramming procedures.
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