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MacKenzie JL, Ivanova N, Nell HJ, Giordano CR, Terlecky SR, Agca C, Agca Y, Walton PA, Whitehead SN, Cechetto DF. Microglial inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in comorbid rat models of striatal ischemic stroke and alzheimer’s disease: effects of antioxidant catalase-SKL on behavioral and cellular pathology. Neuroscience 2022; 487:47-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Brain Targeting and Toxicological Assessment of the Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged Antioxidant Catalase-SKL Following Intranasal Administration in Mice. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1418-1429. [PMID: 34196954 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme catalase represents an important therapeutic target due to its role in mitigating cellular reactive oxygen species that contribute to the pathogenesis of many disease states. Catalase-SKL (CAT-SKL), a genetically engineered, peroxisome-targeted, catalase derivative, was developed in order to increase the therapeutic potential of the enzyme, and has previously been shown to be effective in combating oxidative stress in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models, thereby mitigating cellular degeneration and death. In the present study we addressed important considerations for the development of an extracellular vesicle-packaged version of CAT-SKL (evCAT-SKL) as a therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases by investigating its delivery potential to the brain when administered intranasally, and safety by assessing off-target toxicity in a mouse model. Mice received weekly intranasal administrations of evCAT-SKL or empty extracellular vesicles for 4 weeks. Fluorescent labeling for CAT-SKL was observed throughout all sections of the brain in evCAT-SKL-treated mice, but not in empty extracellular vesicle-treated mice. Furthermore, we found no evidence of gross or histological abnormalities following evCAT-SKL or empty extracellular vesicle treatment in a full-body toxicological analysis. Combined, the successful brain targeting and the lack of off-target toxicity demonstrates that intranasal delivery of extracellular vesicle-packaged CAT-SKL holds promise as a therapeutic for addressing neurological disorders.
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Qi M, He L, Ma X, Li Z. MiR-181a-5p is involved in the cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation through regulating SIRT1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1353-1361. [PMID: 32290769 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1750943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MiR-181a-5p's mechanism in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis has not been clarified. This study verified that SIRT1 was the target of miR-181a-5p. MiR-181a-5p expression was up-regulated or down-regulated in H/R-induced cardiomyocytes, and SIRT1 was transfected into cells alone or in combination with miR-181a-5p. Cell viability, apoptosis, levels of released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase 3 levels in treated cells were tested. On the one hand, down-regulated miR-181a-5p promoted cell viability, reduced released LDH and MDA, and increased SOD level in H/R-induced cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, miR-181a-5p inhibited apoptosis and elevated Bcl-2 expression while decreasing the expressions of Bax and Caspase 3 in treated cells, but the effects of miR-181a-5p could be rescued by SIRT1. In conclusion, miR-181a-5p involved in H/R-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis through regulating SIRT1, which might become a novel direction for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Qi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China , Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, Hengyang Second People's Hospital , Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China , Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zili Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China , Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Aceros H, Der Sarkissian S, Borie M, Pinto Ribeiro RV, Maltais S, Stevens LM, Noiseux N. Novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor improves cardiac recovery in a rodent model of donation after circulatory death. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:e187-e197. [PMID: 32354629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) is a potential solution for the shortage of suitable organs for transplant. Heart transplantation using DCD donors is not frequently performed due to the potential myocardial damage following warm ischemia. Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 has recently been investigated as a novel target to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this study is to evaluate an innovative HSP90 inhibitor (HSP90i) as a cardioprotective agent in a model of DCD heart. METHODS A DCD protocol was initiated in anesthetized Lewis rats by discontinuation of ventilation and confirmation of circulatory death by invasive monitoring. Following 15 minutes of warm ischemia, cardioplegia was perfused for 5 minutes at physiological pressure. DCD hearts were mounted on a Langendorff ex vivo heart perfusion system for reconditioning and functional assessment (60 minutes). HSP90i (0.01 μmol/L) or vehicle was perfused in the cardioplegia and during the first 10 minutes of ex vivo heart perfusion reperfusion. Following assessment, pro-survival pathway signaling was evaluated by western blot or polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Treatment with HSP90i preserved left ventricular contractility (maximum + dP/dt, 2385 ± 249 vs 1745 ± 150 mm Hg/s), relaxation (minimum -dP/dt, -1437 ± 97 vs 1125 ± 85 mm Hg/s), and developed pressure (60.7 ± 5.6 vs 43.9 ± 4.0 mm Hg), when compared with control DCD hearts (All P = .001). Treatment abrogates ischemic injury as demonstrated by a significant reduction of infarct size (2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining) of 7 ± 3% versus 19 ± 4% (P = .03), troponin T release, and mRNA expression of Bax/Bcl-2 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The cardioprotective effects of HSP90i when used following circulatory death might improve transplant organ availability by expanding the use of DCD hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Aceros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Shant Der Sarkissian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Borie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Roberto Vanin Pinto Ribeiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Maltais
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Louis-Mathieu Stevens
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Wu CW, Tessier SN, Storey KB. Stress-induced antioxidant defense and protein chaperone response in the freeze-tolerant wood frog Rana sylvatica. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1205-1217. [PMID: 29951989 PMCID: PMC6237678 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze tolerance is an adaptive response utilized by the wood frog Rana sylvatica to endure the sub-zero temperatures of winter. Survival of whole body freezing requires wood frogs to trigger cryoprotective mechanisms to deal with potential injuries associated with conversion of 65-70% of total body water into ice, including multiple consequences of ice formation such as cessation of blood flow and cell dehydration caused by water loss into ice masses. To understand how wood frogs defend against these stressors, we measured the expression of proteins known to be involved in the antioxidant defense and protein chaperone stress responses in brain and heart of wood frogs comparing freezing, anoxia, and dehydration stress. Our results showed that most stress proteins were regulated in a tissue- and stress-specific manner. Notably, protein levels of the cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) were upregulated by 1.37 ± 0.11-fold in frozen brain, whereas the mitochondrial SOD2 isoform rose by 1.38 ± 0.37-fold in the heart during freezing. Catalase protein levels were upregulated by 3.01 ± 0.47-fold in the brain under anoxia stress, but remained unchanged in the heart. Similar context-specific regulatory patterns were also observed for the heat shock protein (Hsp) molecular chaperones. Hsp27 protein was down-regulated in the brain across the three stress conditions, whereas the mitochondrial Hsp60 was upregulated in anoxic brain by 1.73 ± 0.38-fold and by 2.13 ± 0.57-fold in the frozen heart. Overall, our study provides a snapshot of the regulatory expression of stress proteins in wood frogs under harsh environment conditions and shows that they are controlled in a tissue- and stress-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- BioMEMS Resource Center and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Walton PA, Brees C, Lismont C, Apanasets O, Fransen M. The peroxisomal import receptor PEX5 functions as a stress sensor, retaining catalase in the cytosol in times of oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1833-1843. [PMID: 28760655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that peroxisome functioning, catalase localization, and cellular oxidative balance are intimately interconnected. Nevertheless, it remains largely unclear why modest increases in the cellular redox state especially interfere with the subcellular localization of catalase, the most abundant peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme. This study aimed at gaining more insight into this phenomenon. Therefore, we first established a simple and powerful approach to study peroxisomal protein import and protein-protein interactions in living cells in response to changes in redox state. By employing this approach, we confirm and extend previous observations that Cys-11 of human PEX5, the shuttling import receptor for peroxisomal matrix proteins containing a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1), functions as a redox switch that modulates the protein's activity in response to intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, we show that oxidative stress affects the import of catalase, a non-canonical PTS1-containing protein, more than the import of a reporter protein containing a canonical PTS1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changes in the local redox state do not affect PEX5-substrate binding and that human PEX5 does not oligomerize in cellulo, not even when the cells are exposed to oxidative stress. Finally, we present evidence that catalase retained in the cytosol can protect against H2O2-mediated redox changes in a manner that peroxisomally targeted catalase does not. Together, these findings lend credit to the idea that inefficient catalase import, when coupled with the role of PEX5 as a redox-regulated import receptor, constitutes a cellular defense mechanism to combat oxidative insults of extra-peroxisomal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Walton
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, 474 Medical Sciences Building, London, Ontario ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Chantal Brees
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celien Lismont
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oksana Apanasets
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Roncador A, Oppici E, Talelli M, Pariente AN, Donini M, Dusi S, Voltattorni CB, Vicent MJ, Cellini B. Use of polymer conjugates for the intraperoxisomal delivery of engineered human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase as a protein therapy for primary hyperoxaluria type I. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:897-907. [PMID: 27993722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is a liver peroxisomal enzyme whose deficit causes the rare disorder Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PH1). We now describe the conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(L-glutamic acid) (PEG-PGA) block-co-polymer to AGT via the formation of disulfide bonds between the polymer and solvent-exposed cysteine residues of the enzyme. PEG-PGA conjugation did not affect AGT structural/functional properties and allowed the enzyme to be internalized in a cellular model of PH1 and to restore glyoxylate-detoxification. The insertion of the C387S/K390S amino acid substitutions, known to favor interaction with the peroxisomal import machinery, reduced conjugation efficiency, but endowed conjugates with the ability to reach the peroxisomal compartment. These results, along with the finding that conjugates are hemocompatible, stable in plasma, and non-immunogenic, hold promise for the development of polypeptide-based AGT conjugates as a therapeutic option for PH1 patients and represent the base for applications to other diseases related to deficits in peroxisomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Roncador
- Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Department, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Elisa Oppici
- Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Department, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Marina Talelli
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaya Niño Pariente
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Donini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Department, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences Department, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy.
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8
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Nell HJ, Au JL, Giordano CR, Terlecky SR, Walton PA, Whitehead SN, Cechetto DF. Targeted Antioxidant, Catalase-SKL, Reduces Beta-Amyloid Toxicity in the Rat Brain. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:86-94. [PMID: 26919450 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain has been implicated as a major contributor to the cellular pathology and cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer's disease. Beta-amyloid may exert its toxic effects by increasing reactive oxygen species and neuroinflammation in the brain. This study set out to investigate whether a genetically engineered derivative of the peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT-SKL), is able to reduce the toxicity induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 in the mature rat brain. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Spatial learning and reference memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. CAT-SKL treatment was able to reduce the pathology induced by Aβ25-35 toxicity by significantly decreasing microglia activation in the basal forebrain and thalamus, and reducing cholinergic loss in the basal forebrain. Aβ25-35 animals showed deficits in long-term reference memory in the Morris water maze, while Aβ25-35 animals treated with CAT-SKL did not demonstrate long-term memory impairments. This preclinical data provides support for the use of CAT-SKL in reducing neuroinflammation and long-term reference memory deficits induced by Aβ25-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J Nell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Au
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Courtney R Giordano
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Stanley R Terlecky
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Paul A Walton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David F Cechetto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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9
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Giordano CR, Terlecky LJ, Bollig-Fischer A, Walton PA, Terlecky SR. Amyloid-beta neuroprotection mediated by a targeted antioxidant. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4983. [PMID: 24828380 PMCID: PMC4021325 DOI: 10.1038/srep04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity is a major contributor to the pathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an early response induced by the peptide and oligomeric derivatives of Aβ, plays a significant role in effecting cellular pathogenesis. Here we employ particularly toxic forms of Aβ with cultured primary cortical/hippocampal neurons to elicit ROS and drive cellular dysfunction. To prevent and even reverse such effects, we utilized a cell-penetrating, peroxisome-targeted, protein biologic--called CAT-SKL. We show the recombinant enzyme enters neurons, reverses Aβ-induced oxidative stress, and increases cell viability. Dramatic restorative effects on damaged neuronal processes were also observed. In addition, we used DNA microarrays to determine Aβ's effects on gene expression in neurons, as well as the ability of CAT-SKL to modify such Aβ-induced expression profiles. Our results suggest that CAT-SKL, a targeted antioxidant, may represent a new therapeutic approach for treatment of disorders, like Alzheimer's disease, that are driven through oxidative stress. Preclinical testing is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R. Giordano
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Laura J. Terlecky
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Paul A. Walton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CA, N6A 5C1
| | - Stanley R. Terlecky
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201
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10
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Armogida M, Nisticò R, Mercuri NB. Therapeutic potential of targeting hydrogen peroxide metabolism in the treatment of brain ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1211-24. [PMID: 22352897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years after its discovery, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was viewed as a toxic molecule to human tissues; however, in light of recent findings, it is being recognized as an ubiquitous endogenous molecule of life as its biological role has been better elucidated. Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that H₂O₂ may act as a second messenger with a pro-survival role in several physiological processes. In addition, our group has recently demonstrated neuroprotective effects of H₂O₂ on in vitro and in vivo ischaemic models through a catalase (CAT) enzyme-mediated mechanism. Therefore, the present review summarizes experimental data supporting a neuroprotective potential of H₂O₂ in ischaemic stroke that has been principally achieved by means of pharmacological and genetic strategies that modify either the activity or the expression of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and CAT enzymes, which are key regulators of H₂O₂ metabolism. It also critically discusses a translational impact concerning the role played by H₂O₂ in ischaemic stroke. Based on these data, we hope that further research will be done in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying H₂O₂ functions and to promote successful H₂O₂ signalling based therapy in ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Armogida
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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Role of peroxisomes in ROS/RNS-metabolism: Implications for human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1363-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Giordano CR, Mueller KL, Terlecky LJ, Krentz KA, Bollig-Fischer A, Terlecky SR, Boerner JL. A targeted enzyme approach to sensitization of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2014-21. [PMID: 22687878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of potential use in patients with breast cancer. Unfortunately, in clinical studies, gefitinib is often ineffective indicating that resistance to EGFR inhibitors may be a common occurrence in cancer of the breast. EGFR has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer, and in particular remains hyperphosphorylated in cell lines such as MDA-MB-468 that are resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Here, we investigate the cause of this sustained phosphorylation and the molecular basis for the ineffectiveness of gefitinib. We show that reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to damage cellular macromolecules and to modulate signaling cascades in a variety of human diseases including cancers, appear to play a critical role in mediating EGFR TKI-resistance. Furthermore, elimination of these ROS through use of a cell-penetrating catalase derivative sensitizes the cells to gefitinib. These results suggest a new approach for the treatment of TKI-resistant breast cancer patients specifically, the targeting of ROS and attendant downstream oxidative stress and their effects on signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Giordano
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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13
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Terlecky SR, Terlecky LJ, Giordano CR. Peroxisomes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. World J Biol Chem 2012; 3:93-7. [PMID: 22649571 PMCID: PMC3362841 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v3.i5.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are intracellular organelles mediating a wide variety of biosynthetic and biodegradative reactions. Included among these are the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive species, molecules whose levels help define the oxidative state of cells. Loss of oxidative equilibrium in cells of tissues and organs potentiates inflammatory responses which can ultimately trigger human disease. The goal of this article is to review evidence for connections between peroxisome function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the context of human health and degenerative disease. Dysregulated points in this nexus are identified and potential remedial approaches are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley R Terlecky
- Stanley R Terlecky, Laura J Terlecky, Courtney R Giordano, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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14
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Giordano CR, Terlecky SR. Peroxisomes, cell senescence, and rates of aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1358-62. [PMID: 22497955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome is functionally integrated into an exquisitely complex network of communicating endomembranes which is only beginning to be appreciated. Despite great advances in identifying essential components and characterizing molecular mechanisms associated with the organelle's biogenesis and function, there is a large gap in our understanding of how peroxisomes are incorporated into metabolic pathways and subcellular communication networks, how they contribute to cellular aging, and where their influence is manifested on the initiation and progression of degenerative disease. In this review, we summarize recent evidence pointing to the organelle as an important regulator of cellular redox balance with potentially far-reaching effects on cell aging and the genesis of human disease. The roles of the organelle in lipid homeostasis, anaplerotic reactions, and other critical metabolic and biochemical processes are addressed elsewhere in this volume. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metabolic Functions and Biogenesis of Peroxisomes in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Giordano
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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