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Favere K, Van Hecke M, Eens S, Bosman M, Stobbelaar K, Hotterbeekx A, Kumar-Singh S, L Delputte P, Fransen E, De Sutter J, Guns PJ, Roskams T, Heidbuchel H. The natural history of CVB3 myocarditis in C57BL/6J mice: an extended in-depth characterization. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 72:107652. [PMID: 38750778 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Viral infections are the leading cause of myocarditis. Besides acute cardiac complications, late-stage sequelae such as myocardial fibrosis may develop, importantly impacting the prognosis. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB)-induced myocarditis in mice is the most commonly used translational model to study viral myocarditis and has provided the majority of our current understanding of the disease pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the late stages of disease, encompassing fibrogenesis and arrhythmogenesis, have been underappreciated in viral myocarditis research to date. The present study investigated the natural history of CVB-induced myocarditis in C57BL/6J mice, expanding the focus beyond the acute phase of disease. In addition, we studied the impact of sex and inoculation dose on the disease course. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice (12 weeks old; n=154) received a single intraperitoneal injection with CVB to induce viral myocarditis, or vehicle (PBS) as control. Male mice (n=92) were injected with 5 × 105 (regular dose) (RD) or 5 × 106 (high dose) (HD) plaque-forming units of CVB, whereas female mice received the RD only. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 8, and 11 weeks after CVB or PBS injection. Virally inoculated mice developed viral disease with a temporary decline in general condition and weight loss, which was less pronounced in female animals (P<.001). In male CVB mice, premature mortality occurred between days 8 and 23 after inoculation (RD: 21%, HD: 20%), whereas all female animals survived. Over the course of disease, cardiac inflammation progressively subsided, with faster resolution in female mice. There were no substantial group differences in the composition of the inflammatory cell infiltrates: predominance of cytotoxic T cells at day 7 and 14, and a switch from arginase1-reactive macrophages to iNOS-reactive macrophages from day 7 to 14 were the main findings. There was concomitant development and maturation of different patterns of myocardial fibrosis, with enhanced fibrogenesis in male mice. Virus was almost completely cleared from the heart by day 14. Serum biomarkers of cardiac damage and cardiac expression of remodeling genes were temporarily elevated during the acute phase of disease. Cardiac CTGF gene upregulation was less prolonged in female CVB animals. In vivo electrophysiology studies at weeks 8 and 11 demonstrated that under baseline conditions (i.e. in the absence of proarrhythmogenic drugs), ventricular arrhythmias could only be induced in CVB animals. The cumulative arrhythmia burden throughout the entire stimulation protocol was not significantly different between CVB and control groups. CONCLUSION CVB inoculation in C57BL/6J mice represents a model of acute self-limiting viral myocarditis, with progression to different patterns of myocardial fibrosis. Sex, but not inoculation dose, seems to modulate the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Favere
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Manon Van Hecke
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Eens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthias Bosman
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kim Stobbelaar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Hotterbeekx
- Molecular Pathology Group, FGGW-Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, FGGW-Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter L Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan De Sutter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
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Fang C, Fu W, Liu N, Zhao H, Zhao C, Yu K, Liu C, Yin Z, Xu L, Xia N, Wang W, Cheng T. Investigating the virulence of coxsackievirus B6 strains and antiviral treatments in a neonatal murine model. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105781. [PMID: 38097049 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B6 (CVB6), a member of the human enterovirus family, is associated with severe diseases such as myocarditis in children. However, to date, only a limited number of CVB6 strains have been identified, and their characterization in animal models has been lacking. To address this gap, in this study, a neonatal murine model of CVB6 infection was established to compare the replication and virulence of three infectious-clone-derived CVB6 strains in vivo. The results showed that following challenge with a lethal dose of CVB6 strains, the neonatal mice rapidly exhibited a series of clinical signs, such as weight loss, limb paralysis, and death. For the two high-virulence CVB6 strains, histological examination revealed myocyte necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of CVB6 viral protein in these tissues. Real-time PCR assay also revealed higher viral loads in the skeletal and cardiac muscle than in other tissues at different time points post infection. Furthermore, the protective effect of passive immunization with antisera and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against CVB6 infection was evaluated in the neonatal mouse model. This study should provide insights into the pathogenesis of CVB6 and facilitate further research in the development of vaccines and antivirals against CVBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Wenkun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Nanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Canyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Kang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Che Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
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3
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Fang D, Li Y, He B, Gu D, Zhang M, Guo J, Ren H, Li X, Zhang Z, Tang M, Li X, Yang D, Xu C, Hu Y, Wang H, Jose PA, Han Y, Zeng C. Gastrin attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by down-regulation of TLR4 expression in macrophages. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3756-3769. [PMID: 37719375 PMCID: PMC10502292 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is the most serious complication of sepsis. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMD) is often associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, but its pathophysiological significance remains unclear. The present study found that patients with SMD had higher plasma gastrin concentrations than those without SMD. In mice, knockdown of the gastrin receptor, cholecystokinin B receptor (Cckbr), aggravated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction and increased inflammation in the heart, whereas the intravenous administration of gastrin ameliorated SMD and cardiac injury. Macrophage infiltration plays a significant role in SMD because depletion of macrophages by the intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes, 48 h prior to LPS administration, alleviated LPS-induced cardiac injury in Cckbr-deficient mice. The intravenous injection of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) overexpressing Cckbr reduced LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Furthermore, gastrin treatment inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) signaling pathway in BMMs. Thus, our findings provide insights into the mechanism of the protective role of gastrin/CCKBR in SMD, which could be used to develop new treatment modalities for SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Daqian Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xingbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yijie Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, the George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20237, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400000, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing 400010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400010, China
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Establishment of a novel myocarditis mouse model based on cyclosporine A. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1593-1605. [PMID: 35666459 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a myocardial injury that can easily cause adolescent death. Traditional research models of animal invasion with viral components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or porcine myocardial myosin, among others, have the shortcomings of potential biological safety hazards and high animal mortality. OBJECTIVE To explore the construction of a novel myocarditis model with cyclosporine A and the potential genes and pathways associated with it. METHODS BALB/c mice were used in this study, and cyclosporin A and LPS were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. The successful establishment of the model was assessed by detecting serum myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors levels, HE, IHC staining, and RT-qPCR methods. Key genes were obtained using the GSE35182 dataset from the GEO database and validated with the RT-qPCR method. RESULTS We found that a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated the myocardium of mice in each group of Cyclosporin A constructed model, while the expression of inflammatory factor indicators was increased, and this model has the characteristics of high degree of local inflammation in myocardial tissue, low mortality, and safe and non-toxic treatment. Using GSE35182 data, we selected 18 Hub genes and validated Hub genes in myocardial tissue with RT-qPCR and found that multiple signaling pathways such as Toll-likereceptor signaling pathway(TLRs), Rap1 signal pathway(Rap1), and Chemokine signaling pathway may be involved in the development of myocarditis. CONCLUSION Cyclosporin A can construct a new myocarditis model, and TLRs, Chemokines and Rap1 signaling pathways may be the core pathways of myocarditis.
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Mitochondrial calpain-1 activates NLRP3 inflammasome by cleaving ATP5A1 and inducing mitochondrial ROS in CVB3-induced myocarditis. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:40. [PMID: 35997820 PMCID: PMC9399059 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treatment options for myocarditis are currently limited. Inhibition of calpains has been shown to prevent Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced cardiac injuries, but the underlying mechanism of action of calpains has not been elucidated. We investigated whether NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome participated in CVB3-induced myocarditis, and investigated the effects of calpain-1 on CVB3-induced cardiac injury. NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in CVB3-infected hearts, evidenced by elevated protein levels of NLRP3, N-terminal domain of Gasdermin D, and cleaved caspase-1, and the increased co-localization of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein. The intraperitoneal administration of MCC950, a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, led to decreased levels of serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-18, interleukin-1β, prevention of the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and improvement of cardiac function under CVB3 infection. Transgenic mice overexpressing the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin (Tg-CAST mice) exhibited not only decreased apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and enhanced cardiac function but also inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. The selective inhibition of calpain-1 using PD151746 protected cardiomyocytes in vitro from CVB3 infection by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome and, thus, preserved cell viability. Mechanistically, we showed that mitochondrial dysfunction preceded inflammatory response after CVB3 treatment and elimination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mito-TEMPO) recapitalized the phenotype observed in Tg-CAST mice. Furthermore, the promotion or inhibition of calpain-1 activation in vitro regulated the mitochondrial respiration chain. Mito-TEMPO reversed calpain-1-mediated NLRP3 inflammation activation and cell death. We also found that mitochondrial calpain-1, which was increased after CVB3 stimulation, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and resulted in cell death. Furthermore, ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1) was revealed to be the cleaving target of calpain-1 after CVB3 treatment. Downregulating ATP5A1 using ATP5A1-small interfering RNA impaired mitochondrial function, decreased cell viability, and induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, CVB3 infection induced calpain-1 accumulation in mitochondria, and led to subsequent ATP5A1 cleavage, mitochondrial ROS overproduction, and impaired mitochondrial function, eventually causing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inducing pyroptosis. Therefore, our findings established the role of calpain in viral myocarditis and unveiled its underlying mechanism of its action. Calpain appears as a promising target for the treatment of viral myocarditis.
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Pinkert S, Pryshliak M, Pappritz K, Knoch K, Hazini A, Dieringer B, Schaar K, Dong F, Hinze L, Lin J, Lassner D, Klopfleisch R, Solimena M, Tschöpe C, Kaya Z, El-Shafeey M, Beling A, Kurreck J, Van Linthout S, Klingel K, Fechner H. Development of a new mouse model for coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis by attenuating coxsackievirus B3 virulence in the pancreas. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1756-1766. [PMID: 31598635 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) mouse myocarditis model is the standard model for investigation of virus-induced myocarditis but the pancreas, rather than the heart, is the most susceptible organ in mouse. The aim of this study was to develop a CVB3 mouse myocarditis model in which animals develop myocarditis while attenuating viral infection of the pancreas and the development of severe pancreatitis. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed the recombinant CVB3 variant H3N-375TS by inserting target sites (TS) of miR-375, which is specifically expressed in the pancreas, into the 3'UTR of the genome of the pancreo- and cardiotropic CVB3 variant H3. In vitro evaluation showed that H3N-375TS was suppressed in pancreatic miR-375-expressing EndoC-βH1 cells >5 log10, whereas its replication was not suppressed in isolated primary embryonic mouse cardiomyocytes. In vivo, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of H3N-375TS to NMRI mice did not result in pancreatic or cardiac infection. In contrast, intravenous (i.v.) administration of H3N-375TS to NMRI and Balb/C mice resulted in myocardial infection and acute and chronic myocarditis, whereas the virus was not detected in the pancreas and the pancreatic tissue was not damaged. Acute myocarditis was characterized by myocardial injury, inflammation with mononuclear cells, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, and detection of replicating H3N-375TS in the heart. Mice with chronic myocarditis showed myocardial fibrosis and persistence of H3N-375TS genomic RNA but no replicating virus in the heart. Moreover, H3N-375TS infected mice showed distinctly less suffering compared with mice that developed pancreatitis and myocarditis after i.p. or i.v application of control virus. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrate that by use of the miR-375-sensitive CVB3 variant H3N-375TS, CVB3 myocarditis can be established without the animals developing severe systemic infection and pancreatitis. As the H3N-375TS myocarditis model depends on pancreas-attenuated H3N-375TS, it can easily be used in different mouse strains and for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinkert
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Biochemistry, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markian Pryshliak
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Pappritz
- Berlin-Brandenburger Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13316 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Knoch
- Faculty of Medicine, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ahmet Hazini
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Dieringer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schaar
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengquan Dong
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13316 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Hinze
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Lin
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13316 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Lassner
- Institut Kardiale Diagnostik und Therapie (IKDT), Moltkestraße 31, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Solimena
- Faculty of Medicine, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad El-Shafeey
- Berlin-Brandenburger Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Medical Biotechnology Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Antje Beling
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Biochemistry, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburger Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13316 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 15533 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Xingyue L, Shuang L, Qiang W, Jinjuan F, Yongjian Y. Chrysin Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Through Upregulating Nfr2/Heme Oxygenase 1 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:491-500. [PMID: 33818552 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The incidence of myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis is high, and the mortality of patients with sepsis can be significantly increased. During sepsis, oxidative stress and inflammation can lead to severe organ dysfunction. Flavone chrysin is one of the indispensable biological active ingredients for different fruits and vegetables and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not clear whether chrysin is an effective treatment for heart dysfunction caused by sepsis. We found that it had protective effects against the harmful effects caused by LPS, manifested in improved survival, normalized cardiac function, improved partial pathological scores of myocardial tissue, and remission of apoptosis, as well as reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanism studies have found that chrysin is an important antioxidant protein, a key regulator of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). We found that HO-1 levels were increased after LPS intervention, and chrysin further increased HO-1 levels, along with the addition of Nrf2, a regulator of antioxidant proteins. Pretreatment with PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-specific inhibitor, blocked chrysin-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2 and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. The protective effect of chrysin on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was blocked by ZnPP, which is a HO-1 blocker. Chrysin increased antioxidant activity and reduced markers of oxidative stress (SOD and MDA) and inflammation (MPO and IL-1β), all of which were blocked by ZnPP. This indicates that HO-1 is the upstream molecule regulating the protective effect of chrysin. Thus, by upregulation of HO-1, chrysin protects against LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and inflammation by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xingyue
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Shuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, PR China ; and
| | - Wang Qiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, PR China ; and
| | - Fu Jinjuan
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Yongjian
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, PR China ; and
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8
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Meng Y, Sun T, Wu C, Dong C, Xiong S. Calpain regulates CVB3 induced viral myocarditis by promoting autophagic flux upon infection. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:46-54. [PMID: 31319178 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-activated neutral cysteine proteases. The dysregulation of calpain activity has been found to be related to cardiovascular diseases, for which calpain inhibition is used as a treatment. Viral myocarditis (VMC) is primarily caused by Coxsackievirus group B3 virus infection (CVB3). CVB3 virus infection induces autophagy and hijacks this process to facilitate its replication. In this study, we found that calpain was significantly activated in hearts affected by VMC. However, pharmacologically inhibiting calpain aggravated VMC symptoms in mice due to myocardial inflammation and cardiac dysfunction. The inhibition of calpain activity in vitro led to the accumulation of LC3-II and increased levels of p62/SQSTM1 protein expression, suggesting that autophagic flux was impaired by calpain inhibition. These effects of calpain inhibition were also observed in capn4-specific myocardial knockout mice in vivo. Furthermore, our results provided evidence that calpain inhibition in VMC, unlike other cardiovascular diseases, exacerbated the disease symptom by impairing CVB3-induced autophagic flux, which may subsequently reduce virus autolysosome degradation. Our findings indicated that calpain inhibition may not be a good treatment for VMC disease in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tianle Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chuanjian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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9
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Wang X, Li M, Yu Y, Liu G, Yu Y, Zou Y, Ge J, Chen R. FTY720 alleviates coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis and inhibits viral replication through regulating sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptors and AKT/caspase‐3 pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18029-18040. [PMID: 30843214 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Guijian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Ministry of Public Health Shanghai China
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10
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Li M, Su Y, Yu Y, Yu Y, Wang X, Zou Y, Ge J, Chen R. Dual roles of calpain in facilitating Coxsackievirus B3 replication and prompting inflammation in acute myocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:1123-31. [PMID: 27472894 PMCID: PMC7114300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Viral myocarditis (VMC) treatment has long been lacking of effective methods. Our former studies indicated roles of calpain in VMC pathogenesis. This study aimed at verifying the potential of calpain in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis treatment. Methods A transgenic mouse overexpressing the endogenous calpain inhibitor, calpastatin, was introduced in the study. VMC mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 in transgenic and wild mouse respectively. Myocardial injury was assayed histologically (HE staining and pathology grading) and serologically (myocardial damage markers of CK-MB and cTnI). CVB3 replication was observed in vivo and in vitro via the capsid protein VP1 detection or virus titration. Inflammation/fibrotic factors of MPO, perforin, IFNγ, IL17, Smad3 and MMP2 were evaluated using western blot or immunohistology stain. Role of calpain in regulating fibroblast migration was studied in scratch assays. Results Calpastatin overexpression ameliorated myocardial injury induced by CVB3 infection significantly in transgenic mouse indicated by reduced peripheral CK-MB and cTnI levels and improved histology injury. Comparing with CVB3-infected wild type mouse, the transgenic mouse heart tissue carried lower virus load. The inflammation factors of MPO, perforin, IFNγ and IL17 were down-regulated accompanied with fibrotic agents of Smad3 and MMP2 inhibition. And calpain participated in the migration of fibroblasts in vitro, which further proves its role in regulating fibrosis. Conclusion Calpain plays dual roles of facilitating CVB3 replication and inflammation promotion. Calpain inhibition in CVB3-induced myocarditis showed significant treatment effect. Calpain might be a novel target for VMC treatment in clinical practices. Calpain is involved in virus replication in myocarditis. Calpain mediates inflammation infiltration in myocarditis. Calpain might be a candidate for viral myocarditis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangang Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Cai Z, Shen L, Ma H, Yang J, Yang D, Chen H, Wei J, Lu Q, Wang DW, Xiang M, Wang J. Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated C/EBP Homologous Protein Activation in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Acute Viral Myocarditis. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:809-18. [PMID: 25985795 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested the hypothesis whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling is linked with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS AVMC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1000 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of CVB3 virus in mice. In AVMC mouse hearts (n=11), ER stress and CHOP were significantly activated, and were linked to the induction of proapoptotic signaling including reduction of Bcl-2, activation of Bax and caspase 3, compared with the controls (n=10), whereas these could be markedly blocked by ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid administration (n=11). Moreover, chemical inhibition of ER stress significantly attenuated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and prevented cardiac troponin I elevation, ameliorated cardiac dysfunction assessed by both hemodynamic and echocardiographic analysis, reduced viral replication, and increased survival rate after CVB3 inoculation. We further discovered that genetic ablation of CHOP (n=10) suppressed cardiac Bcl-2/Bax ratio reduction and caspase 3 activation, and prevented cardiomyotes apoptosis in vivo, compared with wild-type receiving CVB3 inoculation (n=10). Strikingly, CHOP deficiency exhibited dramatic protective effects on cardiac damage, cardiac dysfunction, viral replication, and promoted survival in CVB3-caused AVMC. CONCLUSIONS Our data imply the involvement of ER stress/CHOP signaling in CVB3-induced AVMC via proapoptotic pathways, and provide a novel strategy for AVMC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Cai
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Li Shen
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Hong Ma
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Jin Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Du Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Han Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Jia Wei
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Qiulun Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.)
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.).
| | - Jian'an Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (Z.C., L.S., H.M., D.Y., H.C., M.X., J. Wang); Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Transform Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China (J.Y.); Department of Pediatric Surgery (J. Wei) and Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine (D.W.W.), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Q.L.).
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12
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Wang X, Li M, Xie Y, Yu Y, Liu G, Yu Y, Yang X, Zou Y, Ge J, Chen R. The frequency of invariant natural killer T cells correlates with the severity of myocarditis. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:88-95. [PMID: 24702483 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2013.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) perform different functions in different diseases. The cells were reported to protect myocarditis. However, the detail relationships between iNKT and Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis remain unclear. In order to investigate the correlation between the severity of CVB3-induced inflammation infiltration and the proportion of iNKT in the spleen and circulating blood, BALB/c mice were grouped into three groups according to the inflammation infiltration area of heart sections. The proportion of iNKT in CD3-positive cells in the spleen correlated negatively with the inflammation area (linear fit; R(2)=0.93) and virus capsid protein VP1 (linear fit; R(2)=0.84) in the myocardial tissue, while the proportion of iNKT in CD3-positive cells in the PBMC positively correlated with the inflammation area (linear fit; R(2)=0.91) and virus capsid protein VP1 (linear fit; R(2)=0.93) in the myocardial tissue. The results imply that iNKT might be used as a parameter for the diagnosis of myocarditis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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