Lymphocyte-rich capillary-cavernous hemangioma of the mitral valve: a case report and review of the literature

Robotic-Assisted Resection of Rare Mitral Valve Hemangioma

Cardiac hemangiomas are extremely rare tumors accounting for only 1.5%-2.5% of all cardiac tumors. According to most recent literature, only 13 mitral valve hemangiomas have been reported. A 78-year-old man was undergoing routine transthoracic echocardiography monitoring for an ascending aortic dilation when a vegetation on the mitral leaflet was incidentally detected. This lesion presented as a 0.5- × 0.6-cm mobile mass arising from the medial aspect of the A2 cusp. Despite the asymptomatic nature of the aforementioned lesion, resection was pursued given presumed diagnosis of papillary fibroelastoma and concern for risk of stroke. The mass was resected using minimally invasive robotic approach, and final pathology was consistent with hemangioma.

A Rare Case of Cavernous Hemangioma of the Mitral Valve Presenting As Multifocal Embolic Brain Infarcts

Primary cardiac tumors (PCTs) are rare and represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, potentially arising from various parts of the heart. The majority of these tumors are benign (90%), with myxoma being the most common subtype. Cardiac hemangiomas are rare vascular tumors that constitute 1-2% of all benign heart neoplasms. We present a rare case of a 79-year-old woman presented with multifocal embolic brain infarcts secondary to cavernous hemangioma of the mitral valve (MV). Cavernous hemangioma was successfully resected with follow-up imaging at six months, demonstrating no regrowth. There are no pathognomonic signs or findings to suggest cavernous hemangioma of the MV on clinical examination or imaging studies. Surgical resection and histopathologic analysis remain the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment, respectively. Following complete resection, the prognosis is generally favorable with a low recurrence rate, but periodic echocardiography is recommended to detect any potential recurrence.

Cardiovascular images: vascular hamartoma of the mitral valve in a horse

An 8-month-old Hanoverian gelding was presented with a history of cardiac murmurs that were not apparent as a foal nor reported at the time of castration. Major echocardiographic findings included mitral valvular thickening, functional stenosis, and mitral regurgitation of sufficient severity to cause diastolic and systolic cardiac murmurs, left-sided volume overload, and pulmonary hypertension. Due to the hemodynamic severity of the lesion and poor prognosis for future performance and longevity, euthanasia was elected. On gross postmortem examination, there was focal fibrous epicarditis affecting the heart base, and the left atrium was moderately dilated. The mitral valve surface was irregular and contained several nodules along the atrial face of the cusp. Histologically, this lesion was diagnosed as a vascular hamartoma, which is rarely reported in veterinary species and has not been described in heart valves. This benign proliferative lesion, and concurrent valvular dysfunction, was associated with an unusual manifestation of clinically evident disease and should be differentiated from common incidental valvular lesions such as hematocysts.

Vascular malformation in a bicuspid aortic valve

We report here a case of capillary vascular malformation developed in a bicuspid aortic valve incidentally detected during valve replacement in a 67-year-old male patient. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification was used to classify this vascular lesion instead of using the term hemangioma. The differential diagnosis and the literature are reviewed.