1
|
La Ferla B, D’Orazio G. Pyranoid Spirosugars as Enzyme Inhibitors. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:3-22. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200924152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyranoid spirofused sugar derivatives represent a class of compounds with a significant
impact in the literature. From the structural point of view, the rigidity inferred by the spirofused entity has made
these compounds object of interest mainly as enzymatic inhibitors, in particular, carbohydrate processing enzymes.
Among them glycogen phosphorylase and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 are important target enzymes
for diverse pathological states. Most of the developed compounds present the spirofused entity at the C1 position
of the sugar moiety; nevertheless, spirofused entities can also be found at other sugar ring positions. The main
spirofused entities encountered are spiroacetals/thioacetals, spiro-hydantoin and derivatives, spiro-isoxazolines,
spiro-aminals, spiro-lactams, spiro-oxathiazole and spiro-oxazinanone, but also others are present.
Objectives:
The present review focuses on the most explored synthetic strategies for the preparation of this class
of compounds, classified according to the position and structure of the spirofused moiety on the pyranoid scaffold.
Moreover, the structures are correlated to their main biological activities or to their role as chiral auxiliaries.
Conclusion:
It is clear from the review that, among the different derivatives, the spirofused structures at position
C1 of the pyranoid scaffold are the most represented and possess the most relevant enzymatic inhibitor activities.
Nevertheless, great efforts have been devoted to the introduction of the spirofused entity also in the other positions,
mainly for the preparation of biologically active compounds but also for the synthesis of chiral auxiliaries
useful in asymmetric reactions; examples of such auxiliaries are the spirofused chiral 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and
1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Orazio
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gamboa-Gómez CI, Guerrero-Romero F, Sánchez-Meraz MA, Simental-Mendía LE. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) in vitro and in vivo. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13503. [PMID: 33029816 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential of konjac in vitro and in vivo. Glucose diffusion and enzymatic starch digestion of konjac were assayed using α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and oral starch tolerance test (OSTT) were performed at dose of 102 mg/Kg of body weight (equivalent to 1 g/meal in humans). Additionally, the antioxidant activity of konjac was evaluated through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The konjac decreased glucose diffusion by 36% and 19% compared with the negative and positive controls, respectively. Additionally, konjac inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities by 14% and 90%, respectively. After OSTT, group treated with konjac showed significant lower glucose levels compared with control group (p = .03). Finally, konjac reduced lipid peroxidation in human plasma (93%) compared with the negative control. Our results suggest that konjac exhibits hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Because the use of herbal products have emerged as an attractive therapeutic option for chronic diseases, konjac administration may be an adjuvant for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Sánchez-Meraz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía LE, Martínez-Aguilar G, Sánchez-Meraz MA, Gamboa-Gómez CI. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of five commercial turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplements. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13389. [PMID: 32691874 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of five commercial turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplements: (1) bulk samples, (2) turmeric root from India, (3) curcuma turmeric Pronat® , (4) turmeric & black pepper Swanson® , and (5) C3 complex® turmeric curcumin. Glucose diffusion and enzymatic starch digestion assays, using α-amylase and α-glucosidase, were performed. The antioxidant activity of turmeric supplements was measured through lipid peroxidation inhibition and the scavenging radical assay. A starch dose of 102 mg/Kg of body weight (equivalent to 1 g/day in humans) was used to perform the oral starch tolerance test (OSTT) in Wistar male rats. All turmeric supplements decreased glucose diffusion and α-glucosidase enzyme activity, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. The rats that received bulk samples and CT showed significantly lower glucose levels than rats receiving acarbose and those of negative control group. Our results show that biological activities of turmeric supplements vary according to the commercial presentation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study results suggest that the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of five commercial turmeric supplements vary among them. The information provided would be useful to physicians and individuals using these supplements.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sneha, Khurana JM, Sharma C, Aneja KR. Chemoselective N-benzylation of 2-thiohydantoins and 2-thiobarbituric acids catalyzed by PEG-stabilized Ni nanoparticles and their anti-microbial activities. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
5
|
Khalil-Moghaddam S, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Pasalar P, Yaghmaei P, Hayati-Roodbari N. Reflection on design and testing of pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors: an in silico comparison between rat and rabbit enzyme models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:77. [PMID: 23352052 PMCID: PMC3584935 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Inhibitors of pancreatic alpha-amylase are potential drugs to treat diabetes and obesity. In order to find compounds that would be effective amylase inhibitors, in vitro and in vivo models are usually used. The accuracy of models is limited, but these tools are nonetheless valuable. In vitro models could be used in large screenings involving thousands of chemicals that are tested to find potential lead compounds. In vivo models are still used as preliminary mean of testing compounds behavior in the whole organism. In the case of alpha-amylase inhibitors, both rats and rabbits could be chosen as in vivo models. The question was which animal could present more accuracy with regard to its pancreatic alpha-amylase. Results As there is no crystal structure of these enzymes, a molecular modeling study was done in order to compare the rabbit and rat enzymes with the human one. The overall result is that rabbit enzyme could probably be a better choice in this regard, but in the case of large ligands, which could make putative interactions with the −4 subsite of pancreatic alpha-amylase, interpretation of results should be made cautiously. Conclusion Molecular modeling tools could be used to choose the most suitable model enzyme that would help to identify new enzyme inhibitors. In the case of alpha-amylase, three-dimensional structures of animal enzymes show differences with the human one which should be taken into account when testing potential new drugs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mótyán JA, Fazekas E, Mori H, Svensson B, Bagossi P, Kandra L, Gyémánt G. Transglycosylation by barley α-amylase 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ben Mabrouk S, Aghajari N, Ben Ali M, Ben Messaoud E, Juy M, Haser R, Bejar S. Enhancement of the thermostability of the maltogenic amylase MAUS149 by Gly312Ala and Lys436Arg substitutions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1740-1746. [PMID: 20855205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on sequence alignments and homology modeling, Gly 312 and Lys 436 of the maltogenic amylase from Bacillus sp. US149 (MAUS149) were selected as targets for site-directed mutagenesis to improve the thermostability of the enzyme. Variants of MAUS149 with amino acid substitutions G312A, K436R and G312A-K436R had substrate specificities, kinetic parameters and pH optima similar to those of the wild-type enzyme; however, the enzymes with substitutions K436R and G312A-K436R, had an optimal temperature of 45 °C instead of the 40 °C for the wild-type enzyme. The half-life time at 55 °C increased from 15 to 25 min for the double mutant. Molecular modeling suggests that the increase in thermostability was due to new hydrophobic interactions and the formation of a salt bridge and hydrogen bond in the G312A and K436R variants, respectively. The double mutant could be a potential candidate for application in the bread industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolcuoğlu Y, Colak A, Faiz O, Belduz AO. Cloning, expression and characterization of highly thermo- and pH-stable maltogenic amylase from a thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus TK4. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Felföldi N, Tóth M, Chrysina ED, Charavgi MD, Alexacou KM, Somsák L. Synthesis of new glycosyl biuret and urea derivatives as potential glycoenzyme inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Kumar R, Chauhan PM. A one-pot chemoselective S-alkylation and acetylation of thiohydantoins using the alkyl orthoformate–ZnCl2–Ac2O reagent system. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
El-Sharief AMS, Al-Raqa SY. New Types of Mono and Bis Sulfonamides, Tosylamino Acids and Thiosulfonic Ester Derived from Xanthotoxin, Bergapten and Visnagin with Biological Interest. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701263521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Sh. El-Sharief
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Madinah Munawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Y. Al-Raqa
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Madinah Munawwarah , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao F, Zhang G, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Shi Z, Li Y, Gao J. Different N–C–N formation reactions of aromatic aldehydes and thiohydantoins controlled by Lewis acid promoters. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Kim JW, Kim YH, Lee HS, Yang SJ, Kim YW, Lee MH, Kim JW, Seo NS, Park CS, Park KH. Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of the first archaeal maltogenic amylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermoplasma volcanium GSS1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:661-9. [PMID: 17468058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maltogenic amylases (MAases), a subclass of cyclodextrin (CD)-hydrolyzing enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 13, have been studied extensively, but their physiological roles in microbes and evolutionary relationships with other amylolytic enzymes remain unclear. Here, we report the biochemical properties of a thermostable archaeal MAase from Thermoplasma volcanium GSS1 (TpMA) for the first time. The primary structure and catalytic properties of TpMA were similar to those of MAases, such as possession of an extra domain at its N-terminal and preference for CD over starch. TpMA showed high thermostability and optimal activity at 75 degrees C and 80 degrees C for beta-CD and soluble starch, respectively. The recombinant TpMA exists as a high oligomer in a solution and the oligomeric TpMA was dissociated into dimer and monomer mixture by a high concentration of NaCl. The substrate preference and thermostability of TpMA were significantly dependent on the oligomeric state of the enzyme. However, TpMA exhibited distinguishable characteristics from those of bacterial MAases. The transglycosylation pattern of TpMA was opposite to that of bacterial MAases. TpMA formed more alpha-1,4-glycosidic linked transfer product than alpha-1,6-linked products. Like as alpha-amylases, notably, TpMA has a longer subsite structure than those of other CD-degrading enzymes. Our findings in this study suggest that TpMA, the archaeal MAase, shares characteristics of both bacterial MAases and alpha-amylases, and locates in the middle of the evolutionary process between alpha-amylases and bacterial MAases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Kim
- Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kandra L, Zajácz A, Remenyik J, Gyémánt G. Kinetic investigation of a new inhibitor for human salivary α-amylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 334:824-8. [PMID: 16023996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first report on the effectiveness and specificity of alpha-acarviosinyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-D-glucopyranosylidene-spiro-thiohydantoin (PTS-G-TH) inhibitor on the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-maltoside (GalG2CNP) and amylose hydrolysis catalysed by human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA). Synthesis of PTS-G-TH was carried out by transglycosylation using acarbose as donor and glucopyranosylidene-spiro-thiohydantoin (G-TH) as acceptor. This new compound was found to be a much more efficient HSA inhibitor than G-TH. The inhibition is a mixed-noncompetitive type on both substrates and only one molecule of inhibitor binds to the enzyme. Kinetic constants calculated from secondary plots are in micromolar range. Values of K(EI) and K(ESI) are very similar in the presence of GalG2CNP substrate; 0.19 and 0.24 microM, respectively. Significant difference can be found for K(EI) and K(ESI) using amylose as substrate; 8.45 and 0.5 microM, respectively. These values indicate that inhibition is rather uncompetitive than competitive related to amylose hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kandra
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 55, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|