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Han HM, Kim IJ, Yun EJ, Lee JW, Cho Y, Jin YS, Kim KH. Overproduction of Exopolysaccharide Colanic Acid by Escherichia coli by Strain Engineering and Media Optimization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:111-127. [PMID: 32820352 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colanic acid (CA) is one of the major bacterial exopolysaccharides. Due to its biological activities, CA has a significant commercial value. However, the cultivation conditions have not been optimized for the large-scale production of CA. Here, we constructed a CA-overproducing Escherichia coli strain (ΔwaaF) and statistically optimized its culture media for maximum CA production. Glucose and tryptone were found the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Fractional factorial design indicated tryptone and Na2HPO4 as the critical nutrients for CA production. Through further optimization, we achieved a maximum CA production of 1910.0 mg/L, which is approximately 12-fold higher than the amount obtained using the non-optimized medium initially used. The predicted value of CA production was comparable with experimental value (2052.8 mg/L) under the optimized conditions. This study constitutes a successful demonstration of media optimization for increased CA production, and paves the way for future research for achieving large-scale CA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - In Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yoonho Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Sommer R, Hauck D, Varrot A, Imberty A, Künzler M, Titz A. O-Alkylated heavy atom carbohydrate probes for protein X-ray crystallography: Studies towards the synthesis of methyl 2- O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2828-2833. [PMID: 28144356 PMCID: PMC5238581 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoglycosides are used as reactive glycosyl donors in the syntheses of oligosaccharides. In addition, such heavy atom analogs of natural glycosides are useful tools for structure determination of their lectin receptors using X-ray crystallography. Some lectins, e.g., members of the tectonin family, only bind to carbohydrate epitopes with O-alkylated ring hydroxy groups. In this context, we report the first synthesis of an O-methylated selenoglycoside, specifically methyl 2-O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside, a ligand of the lectin tectonin-2 from the mushroom Laccaria bicolor. The synthetic route required a strategic revision and further optimization due to the intrinsic lability of alkyl selenoglycosides, in particular for the labile fucose. Here, we describe a successful synthetic access to methyl 2-O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside in 9 linear steps and 26% overall yield starting from allyl L-fucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301), CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301), CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Markus Künzler
- Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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Neyret C, Herry JM, Meylheuc T, Dubois-Brissonnet F. Plant-derived compounds as natural antimicrobials to control paper mill biofilms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:87-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biofilms can cause severe problems in industrial paper mills, particularly of economic and technological types (clogging of filters, sheet breaks or holes in the paper, machine breakdowns, etc.). We present here some promising results on the use of essential oil compounds to control these biofilms. Biofilms were grown on stainless-steel coupons with a microbial white water consortium sampled from an industrial paper mill. Five essential oil compounds were screened initially in the laboratory in terms of their antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and biofilms. The three most active compounds were selected and then tested in different combinations. The combination finally selected was tested at the pilot scale to confirm its efficiency under realistic conditions. All the compounds tested were as active against biofilms as they were against planktonic cells. The most active compounds were thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol, and the most efficient combination was thymol–carvacrol. At a pilot scale, with six injections a day, 10 mM carvacrol alone prevented biocontamination for at least 10 days, and a 1 mM thymol–carvacrol combination enabled a 67 % reduction in biofilm dry matter after 11 days. The use of green antimicrobials could constitute a very promising alternative or supplement to the treatments currently applied to limit biofilm formation in the environment of paper mill machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Neyret
- grid.81292.30 Centre Technique du Papier (CTP) Domaine Universitaire BP 251 CS90251 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Jean-Marie Herry
- grid.417885.7 0000 0001 2185 8223 AgroParisTech, UMR MicAliS 1 avenue des Olympiades 91300 Massy France
- grid.417961.c INRA, UMR 1319 MicAliS Domaine de Vilvert 78350 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Thierry Meylheuc
- grid.417885.7 0000 0001 2185 8223 AgroParisTech, UMR MicAliS 1 avenue des Olympiades 91300 Massy France
- grid.417961.c INRA, UMR 1319 MicAliS Domaine de Vilvert 78350 Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Florence Dubois-Brissonnet
- grid.417885.7 0000 0001 2185 8223 AgroParisTech, UMR MicAliS 1 avenue des Olympiades 91300 Massy France
- grid.417961.c INRA, UMR 1319 MicAliS Domaine de Vilvert 78350 Jouy-en-Josas France
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Pau-Roblot C, Lequart-Pillon M, Apanga L, Pilard S, Courtois J, Pawlicki-Jullian N. Structural features and bioremediation activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by a strain of Enterobacter ludwigii isolated in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 93:154-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Firozi P, Zhang W, Chen L, Quiocho FA, Worley KC, Templeton NS. Identification and removal of colanic acid from plasmid DNA preparations: implications for gene therapy. Gene Ther 2010; 17:1484-99. [PMID: 20664542 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide contaminants in plasmid DNA, including current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) clinical preparations, must be removed to provide the greatest safety and efficacy for use in gene therapy and other clinical applications. We developed assays and methods for the detection and removal of these polysaccharides, our Super Clean DNA (SC-DNA) process, and have shown that these contaminants in plasmid DNA preparations are responsible for toxicity observed post-injection in animals. Furthermore, these contaminants limit the efficacy of low and high doses of plasmid DNA administered by numerous delivery routes. In particular, colanic acid (CA) that is mainly long-chained, branched and has high molecular weight (MW) is most refractory when complexed to cationic delivery vehicles and injected intravenously (IV). Because CA is often extremely large and tightly intertwined with DNA, it must be degraded, in order, to be effectively removed. We have produced a recombinant, truncated colanic acid degrading enzyme (CAE) that successfully accomplishes this task. Initially, we isolated a newly identified CAE from a bacteriophage that required truncation for proper folding while retaining its full enzymatic activity during production. Any plasmid DNA preparation can be digested with CAE and further purified, providing a critical advance to non-viral gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Firozi
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Westphal Y, Kühnel S, de Waard P, Hinz SW, Schols HA, Voragen AG, Gruppen H. Branched arabino-oligosaccharides isolated from sugar beet arabinan. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1180-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Westphal Y, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ, Gruppen H. MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF Fingerprinting of plant cell wall polysaccharide digests as a screening tool for arabidopsis cell wall mutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4644-52. [PMID: 20345181 DOI: 10.1021/jf100283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall materials derived from leaves and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis mutant and wild type plants have been incubated with a mixture of pure and well-defined pectinases, hemicellulases, and cellulases. The resulting oligosaccharides have been subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF analysis. MALDI-TOF MS analysis provided a fast overview of all oligosaccharides released, whereas CE-LIF-measurements enabled separation and characterization of many oligosaccharides under investigation. Both methods have been validated with leaf material of known mutant Arabidopsis plants and were shown to be able to discriminate mutant from wild type plants. Downscaling of the MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF approaches toward the hypocotyl level was established, and the performance of MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF was shown in the successful recognition of the Arabidopsis mutant gaut13 as an interesting candidate for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Westphal
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Westereng B, Coenen GJ, Michaelsen TE, Voragen AGJ, Samuelsen AB, Schols HA, Knutsen SH. Release and characterization of single side chains of white cabbage pectin and their complement-fixing activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:780-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Treimo J, Westereng B, Horn SJ, Forssell P, Robertson JA, Faulds CB, Waldron KW, Buchert J, Eijsink VGH. Enzymatic solubilization of brewers' spent grain by combined action of carbohydrases and peptidases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3316-3324. [PMID: 19284754 DOI: 10.1021/jf803310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG), a high-volume coproduct from the brewing industry, primarily contains proteins, barley cell wall carbohydrates, and lignin. To create new possibilities for the exploitation of this large biomass stream, the solubilization of BSG by the combined action of carbohydrases (Depol 740 and Econase) and peptidase (Alcalase and Promod 439) was explored. Hydrolysis protocols were optimized with respect to temperature (influencing both microbial contamination and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis), pH, enzyme dose, order of enzyme addition, and processing time. On the basis of this approach, one- and two-step protocols are proposed taking 4-8 h and yielding combined or separate fractions of hydrolyzed oligosaccharides and liberated hydrolyzed protein. Optimized procedures resulted in the solubilization of >80% of the proteinaceous material, up to 39% of the total carbohydrates, and up to 42% of total dry matter in BSG. Of the original xylan present in BSG, 36% could be solubilized. Sequential and simultaneous treatments with the two enzyme types gave similar results. In sequential processes, the order of the carbohydrase and peptidase treatments had only minor effects on the outcome. Depol 740 released more pentoses than Econase and gave slightly higher overall dry matter solubilization yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Treimo
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway.
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Coenen G, Bakx E, Verhoef R, Schols H, Voragen A. Identification of the connecting linkage between homo- or xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hilz H, de Jong LE, Kabel MA, Verhoef R, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ. Bilberry xyloglucan--novel building blocks containing beta-xylose within a complex structure. Carbohydr Res 2006; 342:170-81. [PMID: 17204260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bilberries are known to have one of the most complex xyloglucan structures described in the plant kingdom until now. To characterise this structure, xyloglucans were enzymatically degraded and the oligosaccharides obtained were analysed. More than 20 different building blocks were found to make up the xyloglucan polymer. Bilberry xyloglucan was of XXXG-type, but some XXG-type oligomers were present, as well. The building blocks contain galactose-xylose (L) and fucose-galactose-xylose (F) side chains. In both side chains, the galactose units can be acetylated. In addition, beta-xylose-alpha-xylose (U) side chains were shown. This U chain was present in three building blocks described before (XUXG, XLUG and XUFG) and four novel blocks that have not been described in the literature previously: XUG, XUUG, XLUG and XXUG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Hilz
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hilz H, de Jong LE, Kabel MA, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ. A comparison of liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry methods to determine xyloglucan structures in black currants. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:275-86. [PMID: 16962126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Different separation (HPAEC, RP-HPLC, CE) and identification (MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-MS(n)) techniques were compared to analyse oligosaccharides obtained after incubation of xyloglucan with endo-glucanase. It was possible to analyse xyloglucan oligosaccharides with each technique. Several techniques, including off line (HPAEC-MALDI-TOF-MS) or online (CE-ESI-MS(n), RP-HPLC-ESI-MS(n)) connection provided complementary information on xyloglucan structure. Online CE-MS and RP-HPLC-MS are described for the first time in xyloglucan analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of the techniques for different purposes such as structural characterisation of oligosaccharides or oligosaccharide profiling are discussed. Black currant xyloglucans had a rather simple XXXG-type structure with galactose and fucose containing side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Hilz
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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