1
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Hanessian-Hullar reaction in the synthesis of highly substituted trans-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidines: Rhamnulose iminosugar mimics inhibit α-glucosidase. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Visansirikul S, Kolodziej SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of D-FucNAc-D-ManNAcA Disaccharides Based On the Capsular Polysaccharides Staphylococcus aureus Type 5 and 8. J Org Chem 2018; 84:216-227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satsawat Visansirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuddhaya Road, Rajathevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Stephen A. Kolodziej
- Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 875 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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3
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Janssens J, Risseeuw MDP, Van der Eycken J, Van Calenbergh S. Regioselective Ring Opening of 1,3-Dioxane-Type Acetals in Carbohydrates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Martijn D. P. Risseeuw
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis; Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW); Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
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4
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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5
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Niu Q, Xing L, Li C. From organocatalysed desilylations to high-yielding benzylidenations of electron-deficient benzaldehydes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14955339414758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new type of organoprecatalyst (MeSCH2Cl/KI) for desilylation and benzylidenation reactions has been designed. Both reactions are user friendly and high yielding (71–>99%) and have fast reaction rates. The desilylation of iodo silyl ethers was achieved with no sequential etherification side reactions like those seen for reactions when using TBAF. In the application of the catalytic system to a 6-TBDMS ether of a glucoside, glucoside benzylidenations using electron-deficient benzaldehydes were achieved in 87% yield compared with the previously reported yields of 69–77%. Altogether, 14 benzylidenation reactions were realised using silyloxy alcohols and electron-deficient benzaldehydes instead of their activated acetal forms. In terms of reaction rates and yields, the order of the benzylidenations is p-fluorobenzaldehyde > benzaldehyde > p-anisaldehyde, and a possible mechanism is discussed. These experiments have preliminarily differentiated this cost-effective catalytic system from the classic Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Niu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Xing
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P.R. China
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6
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Hevey R, Chen X, Ling CC. Role of the 4,6-O-acetal in the regio- and stereoselective conversion of 2,3-di-O-sulfonyl-β-d-galactopyranosides to d-idopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2013; 376:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Total synthesis of dansyl and biotin functionalized ganglioside GM3 by chemoenzymatic method. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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McNulty J, Calzavara J. Tandem oxidative radical fragmentation–rearrangement of 2-amino-1,3-benzylidene acetals: a short entry to densely functionalised fully differentiated oxazolidinones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Ding N, Chun Y, Zhang W, Li Y. Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide Catalyzed Synthesis of Methyl 2-Dexoy-4,6-O-benzylidene Galactopyranoside from Galactal and the Rapid Route to 2,3- and 2,6-Dideoxygalactopyranoses. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Zhang J, Shi H, Ma Y, Yu B. Expeditious synthesis of saponin P57, an appetite suppressant from Hoodia plants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8679-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Hou S, Kováč P. Synthesis of the conjugation ready, downstream disaccharide fragment of the O-PS of Vibrio cholerae O:139. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1394-7. [PMID: 21641585 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The linker-equipped disaccharide, 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctyl 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamido-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyluronate-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), was synthesized in eight steps from acetobromogalactose and ethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside. The hydroxyl group present at C-4(II) in the last intermediate, 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctyl 4-O-benzyl-6-bromo-2,6-dideoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-3-O-(benzyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranosyluronate)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), is positioned to allow further build-up of the molecule and, eventually, construction of the complete hexasaccharide. Global deprotection (9→10) was done in one step by catalytic hydrogenolysis over palladium-on-charcoal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Hou
- NIDDK, LBC, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
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12
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Synthesis of 4,6-dideoxy-3-fluoro-2-keto-β-d-glucopyranosyl analogues of 5-fluorouracil, N6-benzoyl adenine, uracil, thymine, N4-benzoyl cytosine and evaluation of their antitumor activities. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Fraser-Reid B, López JC. Armed-disarmed effects in carbohydrate chemistry: history, synthetic and mechanistic studies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 301:1-29. [PMID: 21120714 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This chapter begins with an account of the serendipitous events that led to the development of n-pentenyl glycosides (NPGs) as glycosyl donors, followed by the chance events that laid the foundation for the armed-disarmed strategy for oligosaccharide assembly. A key mechanistic issue for this strategy was that, although both armed and disarmed entities could function independently as glycosyl donors, when one was forced to compete with the other for one equivalent of a halonium ion, the disarmed partner was found to function as a glycosyl acceptor. The phenomenon was undoubtedly based on reactivity, but further insight came unexpectedly. Curiosity prompted an examination of how ω-alkenyl glycosides, other than n-pentenyl, would behave. Upon treatment with wet N-bromosuccinimide, allyl, butenyl, and hexenyl glucosides gave bromohydrins, whereas the pentenyl analog underwent oxidative hydrolysis to a hemiacetal. Although the answer was definitive, an in depth comparison of n-pentenyl and n-hexenyl glucosides was carried out which provided evidence in support of the transfer of cyclic bromonium ion between alkenes in a steady-state phenomenon. It was found that for two ω-alkenyl glycosides having a relative reactivity ratio of only 2.6:1, nondegenerate bromonium transfer enabled the faster reacting entity to be converted completely to product, while the slower reacting counterpart was recovered completely. This nuance suggests that in the armed/disarmed coupling, such a nondegenerate steady-state transfer is ultimately responsible for determining how the reactants are relegated to donor or acceptor roles.Development of chemoselective armed/disarmed coupling led to another phase in the sequence of serendipities. During experiments to glycosylate an acceptor diol, it was found that armed and disarmed donor's glycosylated different hydroxyl groups. This observation caused us to embark on studies of regioselective glycosylation. One of these studies showed that it is possible to activate selectively n-pentenyl orthoesters (NPOEs) over other n-pentenyl donors, and that this chemoselective process enables regioselective glycosylation. As a result, reaction partners can be so tuned that glycosylation of an acceptor with nine free hydroxyl groups by an n-pentenyl orthoester donor carrying two free hydroxyl groups is able to furnish a single product in 42% yield. Experiments such as the latter suggest that the donor favors a particular hydroxyl group, and/or that a particular hydroxyl favors the donor. Either option implies that the principle of reciprocal donor acceptor selectivity (RDAS) is in operation.Such examples of regioselective glycosylation provide an alternative to the traditional practice of multiple protection/deprotection events to ensure that the only free hydroxyl group among glycosyl partners is the one to be presented to the donor. By avoiding such protection/deprotections, there can be substantial savings of time and material - as well as nervous anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Fraser-Reid
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), Pittsboro, NC, USA,
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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15
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Crich D, Bowers AA. Synthesis of a beta-(1-->3)-D-rhamnotetraose by a one-pot, multiple radical fragmentation. Org Lett 2007; 8:4327-30. [PMID: 16956218 PMCID: PMC2617736 DOI: 10.1021/ol061706m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A naturally occurring beta-(1-->3)-D-rhamnotetraose has been constructed under conditions of sequential beta-selective mannosylation controlled by the 4,6-O-[1-cyano-2-(2-iodophenyl)-ethylidene] protecting group. The route is concise, proceeding through a late-stage radical deoxygenation that successfully uncovers all four deoxy subunits at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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