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Liu X, Xie J, Jacquet N, Blecker C. Valorization of Grain and Oil By-Products with Special Focus on Hemicellulose Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1750. [PMID: 38932097 PMCID: PMC11207775 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose is one of the most important natural polysaccharides in nature. Hemicellulose from different sources varies in chemical composition and structure, which in turn affects the modification effects and industrial applications. Grain and oil by-products (GOBPs) are important raw materials for hemicellulose. This article reviews the modification methods of hemicellulose in GOBPs. The effects of chemical and physical modification methods on the properties of GOBP hemicellulose biomaterials are evaluated. The potential applications of modified GOBP hemicellulose are discussed, including its use in film production, hydrogel formation, three-dimensional (3D) printing materials, and adsorbents for environmental remediation. The limitations and future recommendations are also proposed to provide theoretical foundations and technical support for the efficient utilization of these by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Jacquet
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d’Agronomie 2B, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté d’Agronomie 2B, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (X.L.); (J.X.)
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2
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Kavitake D, Tiwari S, Devi PB, Shah IA, Reddy GB, Shetty PH. Production, purification, and functional characterization of glucan exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus hirae strain OL616073 of fermented food origin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129105. [PMID: 38176508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high molecular weight polymeric substances with great diversity and variety of applications in the food and pharma industry. In this study, we report the extraction of an EPS from Enterococcus hirae OL616073 strain originally isolated from Indian fermented food and its purification by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography for physical-functional analyses. The EPS showed two prominent fractions (EPS F1 and EPS F2) with molecular mass 7.7 × 104 and 6.5 × 104 Da respectively by gel permeation chromatography. These fractions were further characterized by FTIR, HPTLC, GC-MS, and NMR as a homopolysaccharide of glucose linked with α-(1 → 6) and α-(1 → 3) glycosidic linkages. The porous, spongy, granular morphology of EPS was observed under scanning electron microscopy. EPS has revealed strong physico-functional properties like water solubility index (76.75 %), water contact angle (65.74°), water activity (0.35), hygroscopicity (3.05 %), water holding capacity (296.19 %), oil holding capacity (379.91 %), foaming capacity (19.58 %), and emulsifying activity (EA1-72.22 %). Rheological analysis showed that aqueous solution of EPS exhibited a non-Newtonian fluid behavior and shear-thinning characteristics. Overall, EPS exhibits techno functional properties with potential applications as a functional biopolymer in food and pharma industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digambar Kavitake
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Swati Tiwari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Palanisamy Bruntha Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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3
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Zhao T, Yang M, Ma L, Liu X, Ding Q, Chai G, Lu Y, Wei H, Zhang S, Ding C. Structural Modification and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:5416. [PMID: 37513287 PMCID: PMC10384959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are macromolecular substances with a wide range of biological activities. The structural modification of polysaccharides by chemical means can enhance their biological activity. This paper reviews the latest research reports on the chemical modification of natural polysaccharides. At present, the modification methods of polysaccharides mainly include sulfation, phosphorylation, carboxymethylation, socialization, methylation and acetylation. The chemical and physical structures of the modified polysaccharides were detected via ultraviolet spectroscopy, FT-IR, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the modified polysaccharide has various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, immune regulation, antiviral, antibacterial and anticoagulant functions in vitro. This review provides fresh ideas for the research and application of polysaccharide structure modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lina Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiteng Ding
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guodong Chai
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hewei Wei
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center of Health Products and Medical Materials with Characteristic Resources of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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4
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Muhaxi M, Liu F, Ng TB. Structural characterization and in vitro hepatoprotective activity of a novel antioxidant polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus ferulae. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125124. [PMID: 37290546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three novel antioxidant polysaccharides (G-1, AG-1, and AG-2) were isolated and purified from Pleurotus ferulae using mouse erythrocyte hemolysis inhibitory activity as an indicator. These components showed antioxidant activity at the chemical and cellular levels. Given that G-1 displayed superior performance in protecting the human hepatocyte L02 cells against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 compared to AG-1 and AG-2 and had a higher yield and purification rate, the detailed structure of G-1 was further characterized. G-1 mainly contains six kinds of linkage type units as A: →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, B: →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, C: →2,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, d: β-d-Manp(1→, E: →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, F: →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. Finally, the potential in vitro hepatoprotective mechanism of G-1 was discussed and elucidated. Results suggested that G-1 can protect L02 cells from H2O2-induced damage by reducing the leakage of AST and ALT from the cytoplasm, enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT, and suppressing lipid peroxidation and production of LDH. G-1 could further reduce the production of ROS, stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential and maintain cell morphology. Hence, G-1 could be a valuable functional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muguli Muhaxi
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Structural Characteristic and In-Vitro Anticancer Activities of Dandelion Leaf Polysaccharides from Pressurized Hot Water Extraction. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010080. [PMID: 36615741 PMCID: PMC9824204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) is a medicinal and edible plant. Dandelion has great development value for its health promoting benefits; additionally, Dandelion grows almost anywhere in the world. In this study, we report the structural characteristics and anti-cancer activity of novel dandelion leaf polysaccharides extracted by pressurized hot water extraction at 120 °C (DLP120) with Mw relative to dextran of 1.64 × 106 Da. Structural analysis indicated that DLP120 is a complex polysaccharide composed of pectin and arabinogalactan. It was mainly composed of arabinose (32.35 mol%) and galactose (44.91 mol%). The main glycosidic linkages of DLP120 were 4-β-D-Galp, 4-α-D-GalpA, T-β-D-Galp, 5-α-L-Araf, 3,5-α-L-Araf, and T-α-L-Araf. In vitro, DLP120 inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell apoptosis. Cell cycle detection results revealed that DLP120 mainly arrests the cell cycle in S phase. Cells treated with DLP120 displayed obvious apoptotic morphology, including cell volume shrinks and cytoskeleton breaks down. In short, DLP120 has potential as an anti-cancer agent.
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6
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Son SU, Lee SJ, Choi EH, Shin KS. Clarification of the structural features of Rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from radish leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:923-934. [PMID: 35447261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Determining the structure of REPI, an immunostimulatory polysaccharide fraction from radish leaves, is an important health objective. Herein, we show that REP-I contains nine different monosaccharides, including GalA (22.2%), Gal (32.6%), Ara (27.5%), and Rha (10.2%) as main sugars. REP-I was also reacted with β-glucosyl Yariv reagent (29.8%), suggesting the presence of the arabino-β-3,6-galactan. Furthermore, methylated-product analysis revealed that REP-I contains 13 different glycosyl linkages, including 4-linked GalpA (21.0%), 2,4-linked Rhap (7.0%), 4-linked Galp (5.8%), 5-linked Araf (10.1%), and 3,6-linked Galp (7.9%), which are characteristic of RG-I. Microstructural information was obtained by sequential degradation using four linkage-specific glycosylases and β-elimination, with fragments analyzed on the basis of sugar composition, methylation, and MS/MS spectra. The results show that the immunostimulatory activity of REP-I is possibly due to the structure of RG-I, which is composed of a main chain with repeating [→2)-Rhap-(1 → 4)-GalpA-(1→] linkage units and three side-chains: a branched α(1 → 5)arabinan, a β(1 → 4)galactan, and arabino-β-3,6-galactan, which are branched at the C(O)4 position of each Rha residue in the REP-I main chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sue Jung Lee
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hye Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar A, Mukhia S, Kumar R. Production, characterisation, and application of exopolysaccharide extracted from a glacier bacterium Mucilaginibacter sp. ERMR7:07. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Wang ZQ, Zhu CX, Dai AR, Chen L, You CP, Zhang BB. Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Structural elucidation of a branch-on-branch β-glucan from Hericium erinaceus with A HPAEC-PAD-MS system. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Yang L, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Huang J, Zhu D, Wang S, Zhu L, Chen L, Xu X, Liu H. Chemical structure, chain conformation and rheological properties of pectic polysaccharides from soy hulls. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:41-48. [PMID: 31917981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We obtained a new acidic soy hull polysaccharide (SHP-1) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 4.81 × 105 g/mol through ammonium oxalate and microwave assisted extraction. SHP-1 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose (molar ratio = 46.59%:17.95%:14.77%:13.97%) with small amounts of fucose, glucose, mannose and xylose. The chemical structure was presumed to be of pectin-I type, consisting of 2/3 HGA and 1/3 RG-I. Furthermore, the rheological information and the chain morphology of SHP-1 were different in five solvents. Surfactant, salt and alkali solutions enhanced the solubility and flexibility of the polysaccharide, but the polysaccharide showed decreased fluidity under acidic conditions. The addition of ions and alkali increased the consistency coefficient of the solution, but the effect was far less than that of the cross-linking morphology. The structural and morphological information of purified SHP should aid in further study of its structure-function relationships and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yafan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Jinghang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
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11
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Chemical characterization, antioxidant properties and anticancer activity of exopolysaccharides from Floccularia luteovirens. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115432. [PMID: 31826528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides, ALF1 and ALF2 were obtained from the fermentation liquid of Floccularia luteovirens. These fractions had good performance in scavenging radicals and ALF1 exhibited obvious antioxidant activities. Further, linkage analysis and NMR were used to characterize the structures of ALF1. Linkage and NMR data comprehensively showed that ALF1 mainly contained six kinds of linkage type units as →4)-β-D-Manp→, 1,3-α-Fucp→, α-L-Araf-C1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-C1→, →4)-α-D-GlcAp-(1→ and →3)-β-D-Glcp(1→. In addition, ALF1 had good bioactivities such as anticancer and antioxidant activities. ALF1 was proven to be able to inhibit tumor cells without affecting the normal cells. Besides, ALF1 improved the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the production of MDA which result in protecting PC12 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. ALF1 decreased ROS production, and stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential. The findings indicated that the fermentation liquid of Floccularia luteovirens could be used as a potential natural source of antioxidant.
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12
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Chemically modified polysaccharides: Synthesis, characterization, structure activity relationships of action. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:970-977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang B, Ge M, Ng H, Niu Y, Liu L. Production, structure and morphology of exopolysaccharides yielded by submerged fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:271-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Sims IM, Carnachan SM, Bell TJ, Hinkley SF. Methylation analysis of polysaccharides: Technical advice. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Karam A, Amaniampong PN, García Fernández JM, Oldani C, Marinkovic S, Estrine B, De Oliveira Vigier K, Jérôme F. Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of Cellulose With Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomers. Front Chem 2018; 6:74. [PMID: 29623273 PMCID: PMC5874291 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated that the mechanocatalytic depolymerization of cellulose in the presence of Aquivion, a sulfonated perfluorinated ionomer. Under optimized conditions, yields of water soluble sugars of 90-97% were obtained using Aquivion PW98 and PW66, respectively, as a solid acid catalyst. The detailed characterization of the water soluble fraction revealed (i) the selective formation of oligosaccharides with a DP up to 11 and (ii) that depolymerization and reversion reactions concomitantly occurred during the mechanocatalytic process, although the first largely predominated. More importantly, we discussed on the critical role of water contained in Aquivion and cellulose on the efficiency of the mechanocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Karam
- INCREASE (FR Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 3707), ENSIP, Poitiers, France.,Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENSIP, Poitiers, France
| | - Prince N Amaniampong
- INCREASE (FR Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 3707), ENSIP, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Sinisa Marinkovic
- ARD-Agro-Industrie Recherches et Développements, Green Chemistry Department, Route de Bazancourt, Pomacle, France
| | - Boris Estrine
- ARD-Agro-Industrie Recherches et Développements, Green Chemistry Department, Route de Bazancourt, Pomacle, France
| | - Karine De Oliveira Vigier
- INCREASE (FR Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 3707), ENSIP, Poitiers, France.,Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENSIP, Poitiers, France
| | - François Jérôme
- INCREASE (FR Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 3707), ENSIP, Poitiers, France.,Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENSIP, Poitiers, France
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16
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Contreras Sánchez-Matamoros R, Gil-Serrano AM, Espuny MR, Ollero FJ, Megías M, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA. Structure of surface polysaccharides from Aeromonas sp. AMG272, a plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium isolated from rice rhizosphere. Carbohydr Res 2018; 462:1-6. [PMID: 29604473 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas sp. AMG272 is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from agricultural soil and studied for its plant growth-promoting activities. Structures of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of the AMG272 lipopolysaccharide and its capsular polysaccharide were elucidated using GLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide, →4)-α-l-Rhap-(1 → 3)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→, has been found in other Aeromonas strains and related bacteria, whereas the structure of the capsular polysaccharide has not been reported before: →6)[β-d-Fucp3NAc4Ac-(1 → 3)]-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-α-d-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 4)-α-d-Galp-(1 → .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio M Gil-Serrano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - M Rosario Espuny
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ollero
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Megías
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Profesor García González, 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Structure elucidation of an immunostimulatory arabinoxylan-type polysaccharide prepared from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:282-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Delaux J, Ortiz Mellet C, Canaff C, Fourré E, Gaillard C, Barakat A, García Fernández JM, Tatibouët JM, Jérôme F. Impact of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma on the Structure of Cellulose: Access to Soluble Branched Glucans. Chemistry 2016; 22:16522-16530. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Delaux
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers; CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP; 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat 1, TSA 41105 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
- UMR IATE, CIRAD; Montpellier SupAgro, INRA; Université de Montpelier; 34060 Montpellier France
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Dpto. Química Orgánica; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Sevilla; c/Profesor García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Christine Canaff
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers; CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP; 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat 1, TSA 41105 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Elodie Fourré
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers; CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP; 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat 1, TSA 41105 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Cédric Gaillard
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymers Interaction Assemblies (BIA); Centre Angers-Nantes; Rue de la Géraudière 44000 Nantes France
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- UMR IATE, CIRAD; Montpellier SupAgro, INRA; Université de Montpelier; 34060 Montpellier France
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC - University of Sevilla; Avda. Americo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Tatibouët
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers; CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP; 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat 1, TSA 41105 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers; CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP; 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat 1, TSA 41105 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
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Structural and immunological feature of rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharide from Korean persimmon vinegar. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Chen L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Dai B, An Y, Yu LL. Structural, thermal, and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel pectic polysaccharide from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3219-3228. [PMID: 25756601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide (APPS) was purified from the cold alkali extract of alfalfa stem and characterized to be a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) type pectin with the molecular weight of 2.38 × 10(3) kDa and a radius of 123 nm. The primary structural analysis indicated that APPS composed of a →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ backbone with 12% branching point at C-4 of Rhap forming side chains by l-arabinosyl and d-galactosyl oligosaccharide units. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a primary linear-shaped structure with a few branches in its assembly microstructures. The thermal decomposition evaluation revealed the stability of APPS with an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 226.5 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor (A) of 2.10 × 10(25)/s, whereas its primary degradation occurred in the temperature range from 215.6 to 328.0 °C. In addition, APPS showed significant anti-inflammatory effect against mRNA expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, especially for IL-1β, suggesting its potential utilization in functional foods and dietary supplement products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- §Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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22
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Chen L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Dai B, Yu LL. A novel alkaline hemicellulosic heteroxylan isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem and its thermal and anti-inflammatory properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2970-2978. [PMID: 25730469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel hemicellulosic polysaccharide (ACAP) was purified from the cold alkali extraction of alfalfa stems and characterized as a heteroxylan with a weight-average molecular weight of 7.94 × 10(3) kDa and a radius of 58 nm. Structural analysis indicated that ACAP consisted of a 1,4-linked β-D-Xylp backbone with 4-O-MeGlcpA and T-L-Araf substitutions at O-2 and O-3 positions, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination revealed the entangled chain morphology of ACAP molecules. The evaluation of thermal degradation property revealed a primary decomposition temperature range of 238.8-314.0 °C with an apparent activation energy (Ea) and a pre-exponential factor (A) of 220.0 kJ/mol and 2.81 × 10(24)/s, respectively. ACAP also showed significant inhibitory activities on IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 gene expressions in cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. These results suggested the potential utilization of ACAP in functional foods and dietary supplement products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- §Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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23
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Novel mixed-linkage β-glucan activated by c-di-GMP in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E757-65. [PMID: 25650430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421748112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An artificial increase of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels in Sinorhizobium meliloti 8530, a bacterium that does not carry known cellulose synthesis genes, leads to overproduction of a substance that binds the dyes Congo red and calcofluor. Sugar composition and methylation analyses and NMR studies identified this compound as a linear mixed-linkage (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucan (ML β-glucan), not previously described in bacteria but resembling ML β-glucans found in plants and lichens. This unique polymer is hydrolyzed by the specific endoglucanase lichenase, but, unlike lichenan and barley glucan, it generates a disaccharidic → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → repeating unit. A two-gene operon bgsBA required for production of this ML β-glucan is conserved among several genera within the order Rhizobiales, where bgsA encodes a glycosyl transferase with domain resemblance and phylogenetic relationship to curdlan synthases and to bacterial cellulose synthases. ML β-glucan synthesis is subjected to both transcriptional and posttranslational regulation. bgsBA transcription is dependent on the exopolysaccharide/quorum sensing ExpR/SinI regulatory system, and posttranslational regulation seems to involve allosteric activation of the ML β-glucan synthase BgsA by c-di-GMP binding to its C-terminal domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a linear mixed-linkage (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-glucan produced by a bacterium. The S. meliloti ML β-glucan participates in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation and is required for efficient attachment to the roots of a host plant, resembling the biological role of cellulose in other bacteria.
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Rodríguez-Navarro DN, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Acosta-Jurado S, Soto MJ, Margaret I, Crespo-Rivas JC, Sanjuan J, Temprano F, Gil-Serrano A, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Vinardell JM. Structure and biological roles of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 exopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115391. [PMID: 25521500 PMCID: PMC4270759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that the structure of the Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 exopolysaccharide (EPS) is composed of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, pyruvic acid, in the ratios 5∶2∶2∶1 and is partially acetylated. A S. fredii HH103 exoA mutant (SVQ530), unable to produce EPS, not only forms nitrogen fixing nodules with soybean but also shows increased competitive capacity for nodule occupancy. Mutant SVQ530 is, however, less competitive to nodulate Vigna unguiculata. Biofilm formation was reduced in mutant SVQ530 but increased in an EPS overproducing mutant. Mutant SVQ530 was impaired in surface motility and showed higher osmosensitivity compared to its wild type strain in media containing 50 mM NaCl or 5% (w/v) sucrose. Neither S. fredii HH103 nor 41 other S. fredii strains were recognized by soybean lectin (SBL). S. fredii HH103 mutants affected in exopolysaccharides (EPS), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cyclic glucans (CG) or capsular polysaccharides (KPS) were not significantly impaired in their soybean-root attachment capacity, suggesting that these surface polysaccharides might not be relevant in early attachment to soybean roots. These results also indicate that the molecular mechanisms involved in S. fredii attachment to soybean roots might be different to those operating in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María J Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Margaret
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C Crespo-Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuan
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Temprano
- IFAPA, Centro las Torres-Tomejil, Apartado Oficial 41200, Alcalá del Río, (Sevilla), Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Studies on the Preliminary Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by Streptococcus thermophilus Strain from Tibetan Kefir Grain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced by a streptococcus thermophilus strain isolated from Tibetan kefir grain, and it was purified using DEAE cellulose 52 and DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Then it was eluted as a single symmetrical narrow peak on high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and the average molecular mass was estimated to be 30,092Da. Infrared spectrum analysis indicated it had characteristic glycosidic structures. Gas chromatography showed that the EPS is composed of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 2.6:1 with trace galactose. The structural features of EPS were investigated by partial hydrolysis with acid, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy analysis. The results revealed that the main backbone chain of EPS was (23)-β-D-Manp, (34)-β-D-Manp, (23,6)-α-D-Glcp and trace amounts of galactose.
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26
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Structure of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from Pantoea ananatis AEP17, a rhizobacterium associated with rice. Carbohydr Res 2013; 369:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Ling NXY, Lee J, Ellis M, Liao ML, Mau SL, Guest D, Janssen PH, Kováč P, Bacic A, Pettolino FA. An exo-β-(1→3)-D-galactanase from Streptomyces sp. provides insights into type II arabinogalactan structure. Carbohydr Res 2012; 352:70-81. [PMID: 22464224 PMCID: PMC3419940 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An exo-β-(1→3)-D-galactanase (SGalase1) that specifically cleaves the β-(1→3)-D-galactan backbone of arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) was isolated from culture filtrates of a soil Streptomyces sp. Internal peptide sequence information was used to clone and recombinantly express the gene in E. coli. The molecular mass of the isolated enzyme was ~45 kDa, similar to the 48.2 kDa mass predicted from the amino acid sequence. The pI, pH and temperature optima for the enzyme were ~7.45, 3.8 and 48 °C, respectively. The native and recombinant enzymes specifically hydrolysed β-(1→3)-D-galacto-oligo- or poly-saccharides from the upstream (non-reducing) end, typical of an exo-acting enzyme. A second homologous Streptomyces gene (SGalase2) was also cloned and expressed. SGalase2 was similar in size (47.9 kDa) and enzyme activity to SGalase1 but differed in its pH optimum (pH 5). Both SGalase1 and SGalase2 are predicted to belong to the CAZy glycosyl hydrolase family GH 43 based on activity, sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis. The K(m) and V(max) of the native exo-β-(1→3)-D-galactanase for de-arabinosylated gum arabic (dGA) were 19 mg/ml and 9.7 μmol D-Gal/min/mg protein, respectively. The activity of these enzymes is well suited for the study of type II galactan structures and provides an important tool for the investigation of the biological role of AGPs in plants. De-arabinosylated gum arabic (dGA) was used as a model to investigate the use of these enzymes in defining type II galactan structure. Exhaustive hydrolysis of dGA resulted in a limited number of oligosaccharide products with a trisaccharide of Gal(2)GlcA(1) predominating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi X.-Y. Ling
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne Lee
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Miriam Ellis
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ming-Long Liao
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shaio-Lim Mau
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Guest
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Biomedical Building C81, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Peter H. Janssen
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Pavol Kováč
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0815, USA
| | - Antony Bacic
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Filomena A. Pettolino
- Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Kodali VP, Perali RS, Sen R. Purification and partial elucidation of the structure of an antioxidant carbohydrate biopolymer from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus coagulans RK-02. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1692-1697. [PMID: 21800834 DOI: 10.1021/np1008448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from Bacillus coagulans RK-02 and purified by size exclusion chromatography. The purified, homogeneous EPS had an average molecular weight of ∼3 × 10⁴ Da by comparison with FITC-labeled dextran standards. In vivo evaluations showed that, like other reported polysaccharides, this EPS displayed significant antioxidant activity. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of hydroxy, carboxy, and α-glycosidic linkages and a mannose residue. GC analysis indicated that the EPS was a heteropolymer composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and fucose as monomeric constituent units. Partial elucidation of the structure of the carbohydrate biopolymer based on GC-MS and NMR analysis showed the presence of two unique sets of tetrasaccharide repeating units that have 1→3 and 1→6 glycosidic linkages. This is also the first report of a Gram-positive bacterial polysaccharide with both fucose as a sugar monomer and 1→3 and 1→6 glycosidic linkages in the molecular backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Kodali
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
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30
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Structure and chain conformation of water-soluble heteropolysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Ovchinnikova OG, Kocharova NA, Parkhomchuk AA, Bialczak-Kokot M, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Rozalski A. Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O60. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:377-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Popielarska-Konieczna M, Bohdanowicz J, Starnawska E. Extracellular matrix of plant callus tissue visualized by ESEM and SEM. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 247:121-125. [PMID: 20424873 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Actinidia deliciosa endosperm-derived callus culture is stable over a long period of culture. This system was used to investigate the ultrastructure of extracellular matrix occurring in morphogenic tissue. Specimens were prepared by different biological techniques (chemical fixation, liquid nitrogen fixation, glycerol substitution, critical-point drying, lyophilization) and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fresh and wet samples were analyzed with the use of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Extracellular matrix was observed on the surface of cell clusters as a membranous layer or reticulated network, shrunken or wrinkled, depending on the procedure. Generally, shrunken membranous layers with a globular appearance and fibrils were noted after critical-point drying and liquid nitrogen fixation. Smoother surface layers without visible fibrils and showing porosity were typically seen by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Preservation with glycerol substitution caused wrinkled appearance of examined layer. Analysis of fresh samples yielded images closer to their natural state than did critical-point drying or fixation in liquid nitrogen, but it seems best to compare the results of different visualization methods. This is the first report of ESEM observations of plant extracellular matrix and comparison with SEM images from fixed material.
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Mistretta N, Seguin D, Thiébaud J, Vialle S, Blanc F, Brossaud M, Talaga P, Norheim G, Moreau M, Rokbi B. Genetic and structural characterization of L11 lipooligosaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A strains. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19874-83. [PMID: 20421293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of immunotype L11 is unique within serogroup A meningococci. In order to resolve its molecular structure, we conducted LOS genotyping by PCR analysis of genes responsible for alpha-chain sugar addition (lgtA, -B, -C, -E, -H, and -F) and inner core substituents (lgtG, lpt-3, and lpt-6). For this study, we selected seven strains belonging to subgroup III, a major clonal complex responsible for meningococcal meningitis epidemics in Africa. In addition, we sequenced the homopolymeric tract regions of three phase-variable genes (lgtA, lgtG, and lot-3) to predict gene functionality. The fine structure of the L11 LOS of each strain was determined using composition and glycosyl linkage analyses, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The masses of the dephosphorylated oligosaccharides were consistent with an oligosaccharide composed of two hexoses, one N-acetyl-hexosamine, two heptoses, and one KDO, as proposed previously. The molar composition of LOS showed two glucose residues to be present, in agreement with lgtH sequence prediction. Despite phosphoethanolaminetransferase genes lpt-3 and lpt-6 being present in all seven Neisseria meningitidis strains, phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) was found at both O-3 and O-6 of HepII among the three ST-5 strains, whereas among the four ST-7 strains, only one PEtn was found and located at O-3 of the HepII. The L11 LOS was found to be O-acetylated, as was indicated by the presence of the lot-3 gene being in-frame in all of the seven N. meningitidis strains. To our knowledge, these studies represent the first full genetic and structural characterization of the L11 LOS of N. meningitidis. These investigations also suggest the presence of further regulatory mechanisms affecting LOS structure microheterogeneity in N. meningitidis related to PEtn decoration of the inner core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Mistretta
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Yang B, Zhao M, Prasad KN, Jiang G, Jiang Y. Effect of methylation on the structure and radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit pericarp. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ling NXY, Pettolino F, Liao ML, Bacic A. Preparation of a new chromogenic substrate to assay for beta-galactanases that hydrolyse type II arabino-3,6-galactans. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1941-6. [PMID: 19717142 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A chromogenic assay using RB5-dGA, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye covalently coupled to de-arabinosylated gum arabic (dGA), was developed for rapid screening of beta-galactanases. dGA was prepared by partial acid hydrolysis (0.25M trifluoroacetic acid for 2h at 90-95 degrees C) of gum Arabic (GA) from Acacia senegal. The dGA exhibited a median molecular mass of approximately 10kDa, corresponding to a degree of polymerisation (DP) approximately 60. It was devoid of Ara residues, and contained mostly Galp (68mol%) together with GlcpA (30mol%). The Galp residues were (1,6)- (34mol%), (1,3)- (3mol%) and (1,3,6)- (26mol%) linked, and the GlcAp residues were primarily terminal (28mol%) together with a small amount of (1,4)-linked (2mol%), as expected for a type II (3,6)-galactan. The new chromogenic assay is simple, cost effective, relatively sensitive, and is specific for either beta-(1-->3)- and/or beta-(1-->6)-d-galactanases. It will enable routine large-scale screening of beta-galactanases from crude enzyme preparations and microorganism cultures, and is suitable for profiling activity during purification processes.
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Cheng G, Duan X, Jiang Y, Sun J, Yang S, Yang B, He S, Liang H, Luo Y. Modification of hemicellulose polysaccharides during ripening of postharvest banana fruit. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crespo-Rivas JC, Margaret I, Hidalgo A, Buendía-Clavería AM, Ollero FJ, López-Baena FJ, del Socorro Murdoch P, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Soria-Díaz ME, Reguera M, Lloret J, Sumpton DP, Mosely JA, Thomas-Oates JE, van Brussel AAN, Gil-Serrano A, Vinardell JM, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 cgs mutants are unable to nodulate determinate- and indeterminate nodule-forming legumes and overproduce an altered EPS. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2009; 22:575-88. [PMID: 19348575 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-22-5-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 produces cyclic beta glucans (CG) composed of 18 to 24 glucose residues without or with 1-phosphoglycerol as the only substituent. The S. fredii HH103-Rifr cgs gene (formerly known as ndvB) was sequenced and mutated with the lacZ-gentamicin resistance cassette. Mutant SVQ562 did not produce CG, was immobile, and grew more slowly in the hypoosmotic GYM medium, but its survival in distilled water was equal to that of HH103-Rifr. Lipopolysaccharides and K-antigen polysaccharides produced by SVQ562 were not apparently altered. SVQ562 overproduced exopolysaccharides (EPS) and its exoA gene was transcribed at higher levels than in HH103-Rifr. In GYM medium, the EPS produced by SVQ562 was of higher molecular weight and carried higher levels of substituents than that produced by HH103-Rifr. The expression of the SVQ562 cgsColon, two colonslacZ fusion was influenced by the pH and the osmolarity of the growth medium. The S. fredii cgs mutants SVQ561 (carrying cgs::Omega) and SVQ562 only formed pseudonodules on Glycine max (determinate nodules) and on Glycyrrhiza uralensis (indeterminate nodules). Although nodulation factors were detected in SVQ561 cultures, none of the cgs mutants induced any macroscopic response in Vigna unguiculata roots. Thus, the nodulation process induced by S. fredii cgs mutants is aborted at earlier stages in V. unguiculata than in Glycine max.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis/growth & development
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis/microbiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/analysis
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Root Nodules, Plant/growth & development
- Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sinorhizobium fredii/genetics
- Sinorhizobium fredii/metabolism
- Sinorhizobium fredii/physiology
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Glycine max/growth & development
- Glycine max/microbiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- beta-Glucans/analysis
- beta-Glucans/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Crespo-Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Unviersidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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38
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Structure of the high-molecular weight exopolysaccharide isolated from Lactobacillus pentosus LPS26. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:3066-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Duan X, Cheng G, Yang E, Yi C, Ruenroengklin N, Lu W, Luo Y, Jiang Y. Modification of pectin polysaccharides during ripening of postharvest banana fruit. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Fernández de Córdoba FJ, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Tejero-Mateo P, Corzo J, Gil-Serrano AM. Structure of the O-Antigen of the Main Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Sinorhizobium fredii SMH12. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:678-85. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Fernández de Córdoba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41071 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41071 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pilar Tejero-Mateo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41071 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier Corzo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41071 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Gil-Serrano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41071 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
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41
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Füzfai Z, Boldizsár I, Molnár-Perl I. Characteristic fragmentation patterns of the trimethylsilyl and trimethylsilyl–oxime derivatives of various saccharides as obtained by gas chromatography coupled to ion-trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1177:183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Sanz ML, Martínez-Castro I. Recent developments in sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:74-89. [PMID: 17257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a very important group of compounds due to their roles as structural materials, sources of energy, biological functions and environmental analytes; they are characterized by their structural diversity and the high number of isomers they present. While many advances have been made in carbohydrate analysis, the sample preparation remains difficult. This review aims to summarize the most important treatments which have been recently developed to be applied prior to the analysis of carbohydrates by chromatographic techniques. Due to the multiplicity of structures and matrices, many different techniques are required for clean-up, fractionation and derivatization. A number of new techniques which could be potentially adequate for carbohydrate characterization have also been revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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43
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Hommalai G, Withers SG, Chuenchor W, Cairns JRK, Svasti J. Enzymatic synthesis of cello-oligosaccharides by rice BGlu1 β-glucosidase glycosynthase mutants. Glycobiology 2007; 17:744-53. [PMID: 17405771 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwm039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice BGlu1 beta-glucosidase is a glycosyl hydrolase family 1 enzyme that acts as an exoglucanase on beta-(1,4)- and short beta-(1,3)-linked gluco-oligosaccharides. Mutations of BGlu1 beta-glucosidase at glutamate residue 414 of its natural precursor destroyed the enzyme's catalytic activity, but the enzyme could be rescued in the presence of the anionic nucleophiles such as formate and azide, which verifies that this residue is the catalytic nucleophile. The catalytic activities of three candidate mutants, E414G, E414S, and E414A, in the presence of the nucleophiles were compared. The E414G mutant had approximately 25- and 1400-fold higher catalytic efficiency than E414A and E414S, respectively. All three mutants could catalyze the synthesis of mixed length oligosaccharides by transglucosylation, when alpha-glucosyl fluoride was used as donor and pNP-cellobioside as acceptor. The E414G mutant gave the fastest transglucosylation rate, which was approximately 3- and 19-fold faster than that of E414S and E414A, respectively, and gave yields of up to 70-80% insoluble products with a donor-acceptor ratio of 5:1. (13)C-NMR, methylation analysis, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry showed that the insoluble products were beta-(1,4)-linked oligomers with a degree of polymerization of 5 to at least 11. The BGlu1 E414G glycosynthase was found to prefer longer chain length oligosaccharides that occupy at least three sugar residue-binding subsites as acceptors for productive transglucosylation. This is the first report of a beta-glucansynthase derived from an exoglycosidase that can produce long-chain cello-oligosaccharides, which likely reflects the extended oligosaccharide-binding site of rice BGlu1 beta-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greanggrai Hommalai
- Center for Protein Structure and Function, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kim JS, Laskowich ER, Michon F, Kaiser RE, Arumugham RG. Monitoring activation sites on polysaccharides by GC–MS. Anal Biochem 2006; 358:136-42. [PMID: 16979576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed to determine the location and order of activation for potential saccharide antigens used in conjugate vaccine development. Saccharides were monitored for activation by sodium periodate oxidation and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pneumococcal serotype polysaccharides 7F and 18C were evaluated as polysaccharides containing multiple potential sites for activation. Sialyllactose was used as a model oligosaccharide compound to evaluate oxidation of terminally linked sialic acids and reducing sugar residues. Oxidized saccharides were analyzed by monosaccharide composition and/or linkage analysis to elucidate specific activation of cis versus trans diols, as well as diols containing primary versus secondary alcohols, at specified levels of periodate. Samples (100-500 microg) were sequentially oxidized, reduced, methanolyzed, and derivatized in a single reaction vial for routine analysis by GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Kim
- Wyeth Vaccines Research and Development, Sanford, NC 27330, USA.
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