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Bagal MV, Saini RR, Shaikh ARI, Patil S, Mohod AV, Pinjari DV. Effect of additives on degradation of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) using ultrasound and microwave irradiation. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been investigated using ultrasonic (US) as well as microwave (MW) irradiation techniques with the approach of process intensification based on different additives, such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and air. The effects of sonication time, initial polymer concentration, and temperature on the extent of reduction in viscosity have been thoroughly investigated using US as well as MW irradiation approaches. Basically, the degradation process has been optimized by utilizing two different ultrasonic reactors in a combined approach of ultrasonic horn and bath. The maximum extent of degradation of PVA was found to be 69.33% using MW irradiation with a required energy of 0.321 g/JL, and 62.47% using US horn with a required energy of 0.054 g/JL when operated at 0.1 g/L of TiO2 catalyst. The combination of US horn and US bath results in same degradation as 0.1 g/L of TiO2 catalyst with US horn. It has also been observed that the maximum degradation of PVA was obtained with a minimum treatment time of 3 min using MW irradiation, whereas the US horn required 40 min. Moreover, a lower extent of PVA degradation was obtained when additives were used, such as surfactants (SLS) and air. As a result, it can be inferred that the MW-assisted approach in the presence of process-intensifying additives/catalysts is the best approach for the degradation of PVA with a minimum energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha V. Bagal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering , Navi Mumbai 400613 , India
| | - Rahul R. Saini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering , Kennedy Road, Near RTO , Pune 411001 , India
| | - Abdul Rahim I. Shaikh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering , Kennedy Road, Near RTO , Pune 411001 , India
| | - Saurabh Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering , Kennedy Road, Near RTO , Pune 411001 , India
| | - Ashish V. Mohod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering , Kennedy Road, Near RTO , Pune 411001 , India
- Chemical Engineering Department , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Dipak V. Pinjari
- Chemical Engineering Department , Institute of Chemical Technology , Matunga , Mumbai 400019 , India
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Bouaziz F, Koubaa M, Ellouz Ghorbel R, Ellouz Chaabouni S. Recent advances in Rosaceae gum exudates: From synthesis to food and non-food applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:535-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li HF, Ma Y, Jin Y, Kong G, Lin JM. Microwave assisted extraction-solid phase extraction for high-efficient and rapid analysis of monosaccharides in plants. Talanta 2014; 129:404-10. [PMID: 25127612 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monosaccharides are the fundamental composition units of saccharides which are a common source of energy for metabolism. An effective and simple method consisting of microwave assisted extraction (MAE), solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography-refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) was developed for rapid detection of monosaccharides in plants. The MAE was applied to break down the structure of the plant cells and release the monosaccharides, while the SPE procedure was adopted to purify the extract before analysis. Finally, the HPLC-RID was employed to separate and analyze the monosaccharides with amino column. As a result, the extraction time was reduced to 17 min, which was nearly 85 times faster than soxhlet extraction. The recoveries of arabinose, xylose, fructose and glucose were 85.01%, 87.79%, 103.17%, and 101.24%, with excellent relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.94%, 1.13%, 0.60% and 1.67%, respectively. The proposed method was demonstrated to be efficient and time-saving, and had been applied to analyze monosaccharides in tobacco and tea successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai-Fang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuxi 653100, China.
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Lluveras-Tenorio A, Mazurek J, Restivo A, Colombini MP, Bonaduce I. Analysis of plant gums and saccharide materials in paint samples: comparison of GC-MS analytical procedures and databases. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:115. [PMID: 23050842 PMCID: PMC3541984 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Saccharide materials have been used for centuries as binding media, to paint, write and illuminate manuscripts and to apply metallic leaf decorations. Although the technical literature often reports on the use of plant gums as binders, actually several other saccharide materials can be encountered in paint samples, not only as major binders, but also as additives. In the literature, there are a variety of analytical procedures that utilize GC-MS to characterize saccharide materials in paint samples, however the chromatographic profiles are often extremely different and it is impossible to compare them and reliably identify the paint binder. RESULTS This paper presents a comparison between two different analytical procedures based on GC-MS for the analysis of saccharide materials in works-of-art. The research presented here evaluates the influence of the analytical procedure used, and how it impacts the sugar profiles obtained from the analysis of paint samples that contain saccharide materials. The procedures have been developed, optimised and systematically used to characterise plant gums at the Getty Conservation Institute in Los Angeles, USA (GCI) and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Italy (DCCI). The main steps of the analytical procedures and their optimisation are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The results presented highlight that the two methods give comparable sugar profiles, whether the samples analysed are simple raw materials, pigmented and unpigmented paint replicas, or paint samples collected from hundreds of centuries old polychrome art objects. A common database of sugar profiles of reference materials commonly found in paint samples was thus compiled. The database presents data also from those materials that only contain a minor saccharide fraction. This database highlights how many sources of saccharides can be found in a paint sample, representing an important step forward in the problem of identifying polysaccharide binders in paint samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lluveras-Tenorio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Zhang X, Yang L, Mester Z. Determination of amino acids in selenium-enriched yeast by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after microwave assisted hydrolysis. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 744:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tiwari A, Prabaharan M. An Amphiphilic Nanocarrier Based on Guar Gum-graft-Poly(ε-caprolactone) for Potential Drug-Delivery Applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:937-49. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x452278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tiwari
- a Division of Engineering Materials, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Mani Prabaharan
- b Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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Singh V, Singh S, Pandey S, Sanghi R. Synthesis and characterization of guar gum templated hybrid nano silica. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hu YL, Jiang H, Zhu J, Lu M. Facile and efficient hydrolysis of organic halides, epoxides, and esters with water catalyzed by ferric sulfate in a PEG1000-DAIL[BF4]/toluene temperature-dependent biphasic system. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Microwave irradiation for a fast gas chromatography–mass spectrometric analysis of polysaccharide-based plasma volume expanders in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:3024-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tiwari A, Grailer JJ, Pilla S, Steeber DA, Gong S. Biodegradable hydrogels based on novel photopolymerizable guar gum-methacrylate macromonomers for in situ fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:3441-52. [PMID: 19505599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Guar gum (GG) is a non-ionic polysaccharide that is found abundantly in nature and has many properties desirable for biomedical applications. In the present work GG with molecular weights ranging from 74 to 210 kDa was modified with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to produce a series of water-soluble photopolymerizable guar gum-methacrylate (GG-MA) macromonomers of different molecular weights. We investigated the effects of molecular weight of GG-MA macromonomers from 102 to 216 kDa and with percent degree of methacrylation (%DM) ranging from 14% to 56% on the properties of GG-MA hydrogels. GG-MA hydrogels exhibited a three-dimensional open cell microstructure with an average pore size ranging from approximately 10 to 55 microm and an average pore density of from approximately 2.4 x 10(6) to 8.6 x 10(7) pores cm(-3). The hydrogels exhibited equilibrium swelling ratios ranging from approximately 22% to 63%. The degree of in vitro enzymatic biodegradation of the hydrogels decreased linearly with increasing gel content and the degree of methacrylation of the respective macromonomers. The human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was photo-encapsulated in the GG-MA hydrogels. Cells remained viable at low macromonomer concentrations, but cell viability decreased sequentially as the macromonomer concentration increased. GG-MA hydrogels with a 0.05 wt.% GG-MA macromonomer concentration revealed excellent endothelial cell proliferation, similar to that of the Matrigel control.
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Hydrolytic fragmentation of seed gums under microwave irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 44:186-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhao J, Monteiro MA. Hydrolysis of bacterial wall carbohydrates in the microwave using trifluoroacetic acid. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2498-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bonaduce I, Brecoulaki H, Colombini MP, Lluveras A, Restivo V, Ribechini E. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric characterisation of plant gums in samples from painted works of art. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1175:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sanz ML, Martínez-Castro I. Recent developments in sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:74-89. [PMID: 17257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a very important group of compounds due to their roles as structural materials, sources of energy, biological functions and environmental analytes; they are characterized by their structural diversity and the high number of isomers they present. While many advances have been made in carbohydrate analysis, the sample preparation remains difficult. This review aims to summarize the most important treatments which have been recently developed to be applied prior to the analysis of carbohydrates by chromatographic techniques. Due to the multiplicity of structures and matrices, many different techniques are required for clean-up, fractionation and derivatization. A number of new techniques which could be potentially adequate for carbohydrate characterization have also been revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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