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Park SD, Al Mijan M, Kwon TE, Lim TG, Yoo SH. Characterization and applications of biomacromolecule structurally similar to glycogen as a dispersion aid and skin protection agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130667. [PMID: 38453106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a naturally occurring or metabolically synthesized biological macromolecule found in a wide range of living organisms, including animals, microorganisms, and even plants. However, naturally sourced glycogen poses challenges for industrial use. This study focused on a biological macromolecule referred to as glycogen-like particles (GLPs), detailing the production methods and biological properties of these particles. In vitro enzymatic production of GLPs was successfully achieved. GLPs synthesized through a simultaneous enzymatic reaction using sucrose had significant changes in their structure and functionality based on the branching enzyme (BE) to amylosucrase (ASase) ratio. As this ratio increased, the GLPs developed higher molecular weights and greater density, solubility, and branching degree while reducing size and turbidity. Structural changes in these enzymes were not observed beyond a critical BE/ASase ratio. Uniformly dispersed curcumin powder was generated in 50 % (w/v) aqueous GLP solution, and the GLPs were non-toxic to human skin keratinocytes at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. GLPs with lower branching inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis, while those with more long chains displayed effective UV-blocking. By manipulating the BE/ASase ratio, GLPs were shown to display diverse chemical structures and physical characteristics, suggesting their potential application in the food and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Dong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Al Mijan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Ran L, Wang Y, Wan P, Zhou H. Basic characterization, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from sea buckthorn leaves. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105592. [PMID: 37343686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides from Sea buckthorn leaves (SBLPs) were extracted by hot water and purified by DEAE cellulose, then separated into six polysaccharides (SBLP-S) by DEAE-52 column. Six separated polysaccharides were characterized by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectrum, High Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Congo red analysis. The antioxidant activity and immunological activity were investigated in vitro. The results revealed that the monosaccharide composition of SBLP-S-1, SBLP-S-2, SBLP-S-3, SBLP-S-5 and SBLP-S-6 contained Man, GlcN, Rib, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc, among them, rare glucosamine was found. And SBLP-S-4 contained all above components except GlcN and GluA. FT-IR showed that SBLP-S were sulfated polysaccharide containing uronic acid. Molecular weights of SBLP-S were 338.659, 401.305, 599.849, 393.904, 626.895 and 176.862 kDa. The Congo-red test indicated that SBLP-S-2, SBLP-S-4, SBLP-S-5, and SBLP-S-6 had triple helix conformation. Crude polysaccharides had the strong scavenging activities on DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The six polysaccharides had the activity of immune stimulation on RAW264.7 cell. SBLP-S-2 promoted the phagocytosis best and SBLP-S-6 promoted the NO production best. The results suggested that SBLPs could be used as potential antioxidants and immunomodulatory agents in pharmaceutical and functional food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Limei Ran
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Physiology, Jilin Medical College, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
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Fu Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Li J, Zeng Y, Yang J, Sun Y, Cui J, Zhu Y. Enzymatic synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of highly branched α-D-glucans with glycogen-like structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123882. [PMID: 37015174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Li X, Wang Y, Wu J, Jin Z, Dijkhuizen L, Svensson B, Bai Y. Designing starch derivatives with desired structures and functional properties via rearrangements of glycosidic linkages by starch-active transglycosylases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37051937 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2198604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Modification of starch by transglycosylases from glycoside hydrolase families has attracted much attention recently; these enzymes can produce starch derivatives with novel properties, i.e. processability and functionality, employing highly efficient and safe methods. Starch-active transglycosylases cleave starches and transfer linear fragments to acceptors introducing α-1,4 and/or linear/branched α-1,6 glucosidic linkages, resulting in starch derivatives with excellent properties such as complexing and resistance to digestion characteristics, and also may be endowed with new properties such as thermo-reversible gel formation. This review summarizes the effects of variations in glycosidic linkage composition on structure and properties of modified starches. Starch-active transglycosylases are classified into 4 groups that form compounds: (1) in cyclic with α-1,4 glucosidic linkages, (2) with linear chains of α-1,4 glucosidic linkages, (3) with branched α-1,6 glucosidic linkages, and (4) with linear chains of α-1,6 glucosidic linkages. We discuss potential processability and functionality of starch derivatives with different linkage combinations and structures. The changes in properties caused by rearrangements of glycosidic linkages provide guidance for design of starch derivatives with desired structures and properties, which promotes the development of new starch products and starch processing for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- CarbExplore Research B.V, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Patil V, Hernandez-Franco JF, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ. Alpha-D-glucan-based vaccine adjuvants: Current status and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858321. [PMID: 36119085 PMCID: PMC9471374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as efficient vaccine antigen-delivery platforms and vaccine adjuvants. Alpha (α)-D-glucans are polysaccharide polymers found in plants, animals, and microbes. Phytoglycogen (PG) is a densely branched dendrimer-like α-D-glucan that forms nanoparticle structures. Two simple chemical modifications of corn-derived PG create positively charged, amphiphilic nanoparticles, known as Nano-11, that stimulate immune responses when used as vaccine adjuvant in a variety of species. Nano-11 is a versatile adjuvant that can be used for alternative routes of vaccination and in combination with other immunostimulatory molecules. This review discusses our current understanding of the mechanism of action of Nano-11 and its future potential applications in animal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan F. Hernandez-Franco
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Harm HogenEsch, ; Gourapura J. Renukaradhya,
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Harm HogenEsch, ; Gourapura J. Renukaradhya,
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7
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Zou XG, Cao YQ, Li JJ, Guan XQ, Cai M, Sun PL, Yang K. Physicochemical properties and immune-enhancing activity of graded polysaccharides from the peels of stem lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) by cascade membrane technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981099. [PMID: 36034903 PMCID: PMC9403839 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cascade membrane technology was applied to classify polysaccharides from the peels of stem lettuce (PPSLs), and three graded polysaccharides (PPSL100, PPSL10, and PPSL1) were obtained using ultrafiltration membranes of 100, 10, and 1 kDa in sequence. The physicochemical properties and immune-modulatory activity of three PPSLs fractions were analyzed and compared. Results showed that all three fractions have characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharides determined by FT-IR, and their monosaccharide composition only consisted of glucose determined by HPLC. PPSL10 had the highest contents of total sugar (88.09 ± 3.52%), uronic acid (2.55 ± 0.10%), and sulfate group (4.15 ± 0.20%). Besides, all three fractions exhibited immune-enhancing activities using RAW264.7 macrophages model, and PPSL10 was the best able to promote phagocytosis of neutral red and nitric oxide generation, which might relate to the high contents of above compositions and medium molecular weight (32 kDa). The findings indicated that PPSL10 could be developed as immune-modulator in the field of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Long Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Preparation, physicochemical and structural characterizations, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Corbicula fluminea industrial distillate. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Liu J, Wang Y, Li X, Jin Z, Svensson B, Bai Y. Effect of Starch Primers on the Fine Structure of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen-like Glucan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6202-6212. [PMID: 35549341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen-like glucan (GnG) is a unique hyperbranched polysaccharide nanoparticle which is drawing increasing attention due to its biodegradability and abundant short branches that can be functionalized. Because starch and GnG are both composed of glucose residues and have similar glucosidic bonds, GnG could be fabricated by sucrose phosphorylase, α-glucan phosphorylase, and branching enzymes from starch primers and sucrose. In this study, high-amylose starch, normal starch, and waxy corn starch were used as primers to synthesize GnG, and their impact on the fine structure of GnG was investigated. Structural analysis indicated that with increasing content of amylopectin in the starch primer, the proportion of short chains in GnG decreased, and the degree of β-amylolysis and α-amylolysis was enhanced. Amylose in the primer contributed to a compact and homogeneous structure of GnG, while amylopectin triggered the formation of branch points with a more open distribution. These findings provide a new strategy for regulating the fine structure of GnG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Liu J, Bai Y, Ji H, Wang Y, Jin Z, Svensson B. Controlling the Fine Structure of Glycogen-like Glucan by Rational Enzymatic Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14951-14960. [PMID: 34847321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen-like glucan (GnG), a hyperbranched glucose polymer, has been receiving increasing attention to generate synthetic polymers and nanoparticles. Importantly, different branching patterns strongly influence the functionality of GnG. To uncover ways of obtaining different GnG branching patterns, a series of GnG with radius from 22.03 to 27.06 nm were synthesized using sucrose phosphorylase, α-glucan phosphorylase (GP), and branching enzyme (BE). Adjusting the relative activity ratio of GP and BE (GP/BE) made the molecular weight (MW) distribution of intermediate GnG products follow two different paths. At a low GP/BE, the GnG developed from "small to large" during the synthetic process, with the MW increasing from 6.15 × 106 to 1.21 × 107 g/mol, and possessed a compact structure. By contrast, a high GP/BE caused the "large to small" model, with the MW reduction of GnG from 1.62 × 107 to 1.21 × 107 g/mol, and created a loose external structure. The higher GP activity promoted the elongation of external chains and restrained chain transfer by the BE to the inner zone of GnG, which would modulate the loose-tight structure of GnG. These findings provide new useful insights into the construction of structurally well-defined nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hangyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Honda K, Yasuhara A, Saneyasu T, Kamisoyama H. Enzymatically-Synthesized Glycogen Induces Cecal Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Production and Suppresses Food Intake in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:217-224. [PMID: 34470996 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that dietary fiber stimulates the release of satiety hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which in turn suppresses appetite. In order to evaluate appetite regulating role of enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG, one of the resistant starch), we examined the effects of dietary supplementation of ESG on food intake and cecal proglucagon gene expression in normal and high fat diet-fed mice. Twenty four male ICR mice were weighed and assigned to four groups: normal diet group; normal diet containing 25% ESG group; high-fat diet (HFD) group; HFD containing 25% ESG group. Each group was fed the relevant diets for 3 wk. All data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA with the main effects of HFD and ESG. ESG significantly decreased food intake and increased the weight of the cecum and cecal content. Plasma total short chain fatty acids concentration was significantly elevated by ESG. The mRNA levels of proglucagon in the cecum and plasma total GLP-1 concentration were significantly increased by ESG. The mRNA levels of appetite regulating neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, proopiomelanocortin, and cocain- and amphetamine-regulating transcript in the hypothalamus were not influenced by ESG. There is no significant interaction between diet and ESG in any parameters. These results suggest that ESG-induced upregulation of GLP-1 production in the cecum suppresses food intake in mice and that fecal fermentation may be involved in the anorexigenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Aki Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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12
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Nagasaki Y, Abe M, Onishi S, Okamoto Y, Toida T, Higashi K. Structure and Immunomodulatory Activity of Glycogen Derived from Honeybee Larvae (Apis mellifera). Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1156-1159. [PMID: 34092709 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Honeybee larvae have been recognized as nutrient-rich food in many countries. Although glycogen, a storage form of glucose in animals, is synthesized in honeybee larvae, there is no information on the structure of glycan and its biological activity. In this study, we successfully extracted glycogen from honeybee larvae using hot water extraction and investigated the structure and biological activity of glycan. It was found that the molecular weight of glycogen from honeybee larvae is higher than that of glycogen from bovine liver and oysters. In addition, treatment of RAW264.7 cells with glycogen from honeybee larvae resulted in a much higher production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 than treatment with glycogen from either bovine liver or oysters. These results suggest that the high molecular weight glycogen from honeybee larvae is a functional food ingredient with immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Nagasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Misato Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Shoichi Onishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yusuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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13
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Wang QC, Wei M, Yue Y, Wu N, Wang J, Zhang Q. Structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity in vitro of a glycogen from sea urchin-Strongylocentyotus internedius. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117701. [PMID: 33593572 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin possesses both high nutritional and medicinal value. It contains diverse biological active polysaccharides. But there are few studies on its glycogen. In the current study, a glucan (MSGA) was separated from Strongylocentyotus internedius and purified by ion exchange and gel filtration column. Chemical analysis revealed that MSGA with 2.65 × 107 Da is made up entirely of glucose. The analysis of methylation, NMR and mass spectrum demonstrated that MSGA is a highly branched glycogen with α-(1→4) linked gluconic backbone and branched at C-6 (one branch per five residues). In addition, MSGA showed good in vitro immunostimulatory activity via NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. It is considered that high degree of branching is necessary for its activity. However, the relationship between structure and immunostimulatory activity of natural glycogens is difficult to elucidate because the difference in their structural properties. Therefore, much more research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. and Tech, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Maosheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. and Tech, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. and Tech, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. and Tech, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. and Tech, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. and Tech, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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14
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Structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of a glucan from Cyclina sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:779-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Besford QA, Weiss ACG, Schubert J, Ryan TM, Maitz MF, Tomanin PP, Savioli M, Werner C, Fery A, Caruso F, Cavalieri F. Protein Component of Oyster Glycogen Nanoparticles: An Anchor Point for Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38976-38988. [PMID: 32805918 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosourced nanoparticles have a range of desirable properties for therapeutic applications, including biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Glycogen, a natural polysaccharide nanoparticle, has garnered much interest as a component of advanced therapeutic materials. However, functionalizing glycogen for use as a therapeutic material typically involves synthetic approaches that can negatively affect the intrinsic physiological properties of glycogen. Herein, the protein component of glycogen is examined as an anchor point for the photopolymerization of functional poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymers. Oyster glycogen (OG) nanoparticles partially degrade to smaller spherical particles in the presence of protease enzymes, reflecting a population of surface-bound proteins on the polysaccharide. The grafting of PNIPAM to the native protein component of OG produces OG-PNIPAM nanoparticles of ∼45 nm in diameter and 6.2 MDa in molecular weight. PNIPAM endows the nanoparticles with temperature-responsive aggregation properties that are controllable and reversible and that can be removed by the biodegradation of the protein. The OG-PNIPAM nanoparticles retain the native biodegradability of glycogen. Whole blood incubation assays revealed that the OG-PNIPAM nanoparticles have a low cell association and inflammatory response similar to that of OG. The reported strategy provides functionalized glycogen nanomaterials that retain their inherent biodegradability and low immune cell association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessia C G Weiss
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- The Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pietro Pacchin Tomanin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marco Savioli
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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16
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Yoshioka Y, Inoue M, Yoshioka H, Kitakaze T, Furuyashiki T, Abe N, Ashida H. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited degranulation and inflammatory responses through stimulation of intestine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:67-73. [PMID: 32801471 PMCID: PMC7417801 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients of type I allergic diseases were increased in the developed countries. Recently, many studies have focused on food factors with anti-allergic activities. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen, a polysaccharide with a multi-branched α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages, is a commercially available product from natural plant starch, and has immunostimulation activity. However, effect of enzymatically synthesized glycogen on the anti-allergic activity was unclear yet. In this study, we investigated that enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited allergic and inflammatory responses using a co-culture system consisting of Caco-2 and RBL-2H3 cells. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release and production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RBL-2H3 cells in the co-culture system. Furthermore, enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited antigen-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C γ1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities of enzymatically synthesized glycogen were indirect action through stimulating Caco-2 cells, but not by the direct interaction with RBL-2H3 cells, because enzymatically synthesized glycogen did not permeate Caco-2 cells. These findings suggest that enzymatically synthesized glycogen is an effective food ingredient for prevention of type I allergy through stimulating the intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0001, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masako Inoue
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yoshioka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Furuyashiki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Abe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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17
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Hu Z, Zhou H, Zhao J, Sun J, Li M, Sun X. Microwave-assisted extraction, characterization and immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells of polysaccharides from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2861-2872. [PMID: 32810537 PMCID: PMC7428752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seeds (TKMSP) was optimized using Response surface methodology (RSM) base on Central composite design (CCD). The optimum extraction conditions are detailed as follows: liquid-solid ratio 42 mL/g, extraction temperature 80 °C, microwave power 570 W, extraction time 26 min. Under this conditions, the mean value of TKMSP yield 2.43 ± 0.45% (n = 3), which was consistent closely with the predicted value (2.44%). The five polysaccharides (TKMSP-1, TKMSP-2, TKMSP-3, TKMSP-4 and TKMSP-5) were isolated from TKMSP by DEAE-52. TKMSP-1, TKMSP-2 and TKMSP-4 were common in containing Man, Rib, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, Arab and Fuc. However, there was no Fuc in TKMSP-3, while TKMSP-5 lacked GluA, GalA and Fuc. UV–vis and FT-IR analysis combined with molecular weight determination further indicated that the five fractions were polydisperse polysaccharides. A significant difference was achieved in the structural characterization of these five fractions. TKMSP exhibited immunosuppressive activity on RAW264.7 cells. It can be applied as a potential immunosuppressant agent in medicine. Microwave-assisted extraction of TKMSP optimized by RSM base on CCD. The five polydisperse polysaccharides were isolated from TKMSP. The structure characterizations of the five polysaccharides were analyzed. TKMSP-3 exhibited significant inhibition of RAW264.7 proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Jilin Provence, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
| | - JingLi Zhao
- Institution of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Technology, Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology, Jilin 132013, China
| | - JiaQi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Jilin Provence, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Mei Li
- Jilin Cancer Hospital, Huguang Road 1018, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xinshun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
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18
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Kitakaze T, Yoshioka Y, Furuyashiki T, Ashida H. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen protects inflammation induced by urban particulate matter in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:29-35. [PMID: 32801466 PMCID: PMC7417792 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban particulate matters (PM) exposure is significantly correlated with extrinsic skin aging signs and skin cancer incidence. PM contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and they act as the agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Activation of AhR promotes generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG), which is synthesized from starch, possesses various functions, such as anti-tumor, anti-obesity and antioxidant. However, the effects of ESG on PM-induced skin inflammation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether ESG has a protective effect on PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human epidermal keratinocytes. ESG inhibited PM-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines IL6, TNFA and PTGS2. ESG also inhibited PM-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and ROS accumulation. However, ESG had no effect on PM-induced expression of CYP1A1, one of the target proteins of AhR. On the other hand, ESG increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of antioxidant proteins, HO-1 and NQO1. These results suggest that ESG suppressed PM-induced inflammation by decreasing ROS accumulation through the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kitakaze
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Furuyashiki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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19
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Besford QA, Cavalieri F, Caruso F. Glycogen as a Building Block for Advanced Biological Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904625. [PMID: 31617264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles found in living systems possess distinct molecular architectures and diverse functions. Glycogen is a unique biological polysaccharide nanoparticle fabricated by nature through a bottom-up approach. The biocatalytic synthesis of glycogen has evolved over time to form a nanometer-sized dendrimer-like structure (20-150 nm) with a highly branched surface and a dense core. This makes glycogen markedly different from other natural linear or branched polysaccharides and particularly attractive as a platform for biomedical applications. Glycogen is inherently biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be functionalized with diverse surface and internal motifs for enhanced biofunctional properties. Recently, there has been growing interest in glycogen as a natural alternative to synthetic polymers and nanoparticles in a range of applications. Herein, the recent literature on glycogen in the material-based sciences, including its use as a constituent in biodegradable hydrogels and fibers, drug delivery vectors, tumor targeting and penetrating nanoparticles, immunomodulators, vaccine adjuvants, and contrast agents, is reviewed. The various methods of chemical functionalization and physical assembly of glycogen nanoparticles into multicomponent nanodevices, which advance glycogen toward a functional therapeutic nanoparticle from nature and back again, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A Besford
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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20
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Złotko K, Wiater A, Waśko A, Pleszczyńska M, Paduch R, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Bieganowski A. A Report on Fungal (1→3)-α-d-glucans: Properties, Functions and Application. Molecules 2019; 24:E3972. [PMID: 31684030 PMCID: PMC6864487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell walls of fungi are composed of glycoproteins, chitin, and α- and β-glucans. Although there are many reports on β-glucans, α-glucan polysaccharides are not yet fully understood. This review characterizes the physicochemical properties and functions of (1→3)-α-d-glucans. Particular attention has been paid to practical application and the effect of glucans in various respects, taking into account unfavourable effects and potential use. The role of α-glucans in plant infection has been proven, and collected facts have confirmed the characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus infection associated with the presence of glucan in fungal cell wall. Like β-glucans, there are now evidence that α-glucans can also stimulate the immune system. Moreover, α-d-glucans have the ability to induce mutanases and can thus decompose plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Złotko
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Food Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Pleszczyńska
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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21
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Zhang S, Zhang Q, An L, Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Tuerhong M, Ohizumi Y, Jin J, Xu J, Guo Y. A fructan from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge showing neuroprotective and immunoregulatory effects. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115477. [PMID: 31826524 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide, AAP70-1, was isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides for the first time. The primary structural analysis revealed that AAP70-1 was composed of glucose and fructose, had an absolute molecular weight of 2720 Da, and contained a (2→6)-linked β-D-fructofuranose (Fruf) backbone and a (2→1,6)-linked β-D-Fruf side chain with an internal α-D-glucopyranose (Glcp) in the form of a neokestose. To explore the potential factors responsible for the medicinally relevant bioactivities of A. asphodeloides, a biological assay was performed. Using flow cytometry analysis, AAP70-1 was experimentally shown to have neuroprotective effects, and it can prevent and ameliorate neurological damage via reducing apoptosis. The immunomodulation assay further revealed that AAP70-1 can significantly improve immune function by promoting phagocytic capacity and the secretion of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that AAP70-1 has potential as a therapeutic agent for central nervous system diseases or as an immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
| | - Jin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Zeng YJ, Yang HR, Wu XL, Peng F, Huang Z, Pu L, Zong MH, Yang JG, Lou WY. Structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Fusarium solani DO7 by solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:568-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Hu Z, Zhou H, Li Y, Wu M, Yu M, Sun X. Optimized purification process of polysaccharides from Carex meyeriana Kunth by macroporous resin, its characterization and immunomodulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakagawa E, Takata H, Furuyashiki T, Kakutani R, Tanaka M, Ohshima H. Extracellular enzymatically synthesized glycogen promotes osteogenesis by activating osteoblast differentiation via Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13602-13616. [PMID: 30604872 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen is the stored form of glucose and plays a major role in energy metabolism. Recently, it has become clear that enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) has biological functions, such as the macrophage-stimulating activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ESG on osteogenesis. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with ESG, and their cell proliferative activity and osteoblast differentiation were measured. An in vivo study was conducted in which ESG pellets with BMP-2 were grafted into mouse calvarial defects and histomorphometrically analyzed for the new bone formation. To confirm the effect of ESG on bone growth in vivo, ESG was orally administered to pregnant mice and the femurs of their pups were examined. We observed that ESG stimulated cell proliferation and enhanced messenger RNA expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin in MC3T3-E1 cells. ESG was taken up by the cells associated with GLUT-1 and activated the Akt/GSK-3β pathway. In vivo, the new bone formation in the calvarial defect was significantly accelerated by ESG and the maternal administration of ESG promoted fetal bone growth. In conclusion, ESG stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts via the activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling and promotes new bone formation in vivo, suggesting that ESG could be a useful stimulant for osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eizo Nakagawa
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takata
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Kakutani
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Tanaka
- Department of Dental Technician, Meirin College, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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25
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Wei Z, Chen G, Zhang P, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen K. Rhizopus nigricans polysaccharide activated macrophages and suppressed tumor growth in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:302-312. [PMID: 30093003 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (RPS-1) was extracted from liquid-cultured mycelia of Rhizopus nigricans. The weight-average molecular weight of RPS-1 was 1.617 × 107 g/mol and structural characterization indicated that RPS-1 was a non-starch glucan which consisted of a backbone structure of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl residues substituted at the O-6 position with α-d-glucopyranosyl branches. RPS-1 stimulated the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α by triggering phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, intragastric administration of RPS-1 improved the immune function of CT26 tumor-bearing mice and significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumor. In combination with 5-FU, RPS-1 enhanced antitumor activity of 5-FU and alleviated its toxicity on immune system. These findings suggested that RPS-1 has the potential for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wei
- Gynecology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pengying Zhang
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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26
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Nie C, Zhu P, Ma S, Wang M, Hu Y. Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from stem lettuce. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 188:236-242. [PMID: 29525161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem lettuce has a long history of cultivation in China and possesses high nutritional and medicinal value. In our previous studies, extraction optimization, characterization, and bioactivities of stem lettuce polysaccharides (SLP) were investigated. In this study, SLP were further separated into two purified polysaccharides, SLP-1 and SLP-2, by anion exchange chromatography followed by size exclusion chromatography. SLP-1, with a molecular weight of 90 KDa, was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 17.6:41.7:33.9. SLP-2, with a molecular weight of 44 KDa, was mainly composed of mannose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 11.5:69.5:9.3:8.2. In addition, both purified polysaccharides contain sulphate radicals, have triple helical structures and can promote macrophage proliferation without cytotoxicity. SLP-2 was better able to stimulate phagocytic and nitric oxide production than SLP-1. The results suggest that polysaccharides from stem lettuce could be explored as immunomodulatory agents in the field of pharmaceuticals and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhipeng Nie
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peilei Zhu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shuping Ma
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingchun Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Youdong Hu
- Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huaian 223002, China
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27
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Hachimura S, Totsuka M, Hosono A. Immunomodulation by food: impact on gut immunity and immune cell function. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:584-599. [PMID: 29448897 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1433017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that various food components affect the immune response. These components act on various immune cells, and their effects are mediated through the intestinal immune system and, in some cases, the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we describe the immunomodulating effects of various food components, including probiotics, prebiotics, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, peptides, amino acids and polyphenols. Some of these components enhance immune responses, leading to host defense against infection, whereas others inhibit immune responses, thus suppressing allergy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hachimura
- a Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- b Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Life Science , Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Japan
| | - Akira Hosono
- c Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Japan
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28
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Tamura S, Honda K, Morinaga R, Saneyasu T, Kamisoyama H. Effects of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen and Exercise on Abdominal Fat Accumulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:405-411. [PMID: 29332902 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of diet and exercise is the first choice for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We previously reported that enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in obese rats. However, the effect of the combination of ESG and exercise on abdominal fat accumulation has not yet been investigated. Our goal in this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of dietary ESG and its combination with exercise on abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male ICR mice were assigned to four groups: HFD, HFD containing 20% ESG, HFD with exercise, HFD containing 20% ESG with exercise. Treadmill exercise was performed for 3 wk (25 m/min, 30 min/d, 3 d/wk) after 5-d adaption to running at that speed. Both ESG and exercise significantly reduced the weights of abdominal adipose tissues. In addition, the combination of ESG and exercise significantly suppressed abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting that ESG and exercise showed an additive effect. Exercise significantly increased the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes such as lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; factor-delta (PPARδ), carnitin palmitoyltransferase b, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and uncoupling protein-3 in the gastrocnemius muscle. On the other hand, dietary ESG significantly decreased the mRNA levels of PPARδ and ATGL in the gastrocnemius muscle. These results suggest that the combined treatment of ESG and exercise effectively suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in HFD-fed mice by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Ryoji Morinaga
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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Furuyashiki T, Ogawa R, Nakayama Y, Honda K, Kamisoyama H, Takata H, Kamasaka H, Yasuda M, Kuriki T, Ashida H. Effects of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen on Lipid Metabolism in Diet Induced Obese Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Ogawa
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Yoko Nakayama
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Hiroshi Kamisoyama
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | | | | | - Michiko Yasuda
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University
| | | | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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30
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Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium Linn. variant amara Engl. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Immune-enhancing activity of polysaccharides from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. via MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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32
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Potential of glucans as vaccine adjuvants: A review of the α-glucans case. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Masuda Y, Nakayama Y, Tanaka A, Naito K, Konishi M. Antitumor activity of orally administered maitake α-glucan by stimulating antitumor immune response in murine tumor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173621. [PMID: 28278221 PMCID: PMC5344464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maitake α-glucan, YM-2A, isolated from Grifola frondosa, has been characterized as a highly α-1,6-branched α-1,4 glucan. YM-2A has been shown to possess an anti-virus effect in mice; however, it does not directly inhibit growth of the virus in vitro, indicating that the anti-virus effect of YM-2A might be associated with modulation of the host immune system. In this study, we found that oral administration of YM-2A could inhibit tumor growth and improve survival rate in two distinct mouse models of colon-26 carcinoma and B16 melanoma. Orally administered YM-2A enhanced antitumor immune response by increasing INF-γ-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the spleen and INF-γ-expressing CD8+ cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. In vitro study showed that YM-2A directly activated splenic CD11b+ myeloid cells, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, but did not affect splenic CD11b- lymphocytes or colon-26 tumor cells. YM-2A is more slowly digested by pancreatic α-amylase than are amylopectin and rabbit liver glycogen, and orally administered YM-2A enhanced the expression of MHC class II and CD86 on dendritic cells and the expression of MHC class II on macrophages in Peyer’s patches. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of YM-2A increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Peyer’s patch CD11c+ cells. These results suggest that orally administered YM-2A can activate dendritic cells and macrophages in Peyer’s patches, inducing systemic antitumor T-cell response. Thus, YM-2A might be a candidate for an oral therapeutic agent in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Masuda
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiaki Nakayama
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Research and Development Department, Yukiguni Maitake Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenta Naito
- Research and Development Department, Yukiguni Maitake Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Morichika Konishi
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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34
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Matsui-Yatsuhashi H, Furuyashiki T, Takata H, Ishida M, Takumi H, Kakutani R, Kamasaka H, Nagao S, Hirose J, Kuriki T. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Glycogen in Human Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1314-1319. [PMID: 28156103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification as well as a detailed analysis of glycogen in human milk has not been shown yet. The present study confirmed that glycogen is contained in human milk by qualitative and quantitative analyses. High-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography with a multiangle laser light scattering detector (HPSEC-MALLS) were used for qualitative analysis of glycogen in human milk. Quantitative analysis was carried out by using samples obtained from the individual milks. The result revealed that the concentration of human milk glycogen varied depending on the mother's condition-such as the period postpartum and inflammation. The amounts of glycogen in human milk collected at 0 and 1-2 months postpartum were higher than in milk collected at 3-14 months postpartum. In the milk from mothers with severe mastitis, the concentration of glycogen was about 40 times higher than that in normal milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Matsui-Yatsuhashi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Furuyashiki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takata
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ishida
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takumi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakutani
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamasaka
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Saeko Nagao
- Nagao Maternity Hospital , Terado-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0002, Japan
| | - Junko Hirose
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture , 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone-shi, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuriki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Company, Ltd. , 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
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35
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Paiva IMD, Steinberg RDS, Lula IS, Souza-Fagundes EMD, Mendes TDO, Bell MJV, Nicoli JR, Nunes ÁC, Neumann E. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Lactobacillus satsumensis isolated from Brazilian kefir grains produce alpha-glucans that are potentially suitable for food applications. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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36
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Kwak JY, Kim MG, Kim YW, Ban HS, Won MS, Park JT, Park KH. Properties of a glycogen like polysaccharide produced by a mutant of Escherichia coli lacking glycogen synthase and maltodextrin phosphorylase. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Quispe-Salcedo A, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshima H. The effects of enzymatically synthesized glycogen on the pulpal healing process of extracted teeth following intentionally delayed replantation in mice. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Gilbert RG, Sullivan MA. The Molecular Size Distribution of Glycogen and its Relevance to Diabetes. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose, functioning as a blood-glucose buffer. It comprises relatively small β-particles, which may be joined as larger aggregate α-particles. The size distributions from size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as GPC) of liver glycogen from non-diabetic and diabetic mice show that diabetic mice have impaired α-particle formation, shedding new light on diabetes. SEC data also suggest the type of bonding holding β-particles together in α-particles. SEC characterisation of liver glycogen at various time points in a day/night cycle indicates that liver glycogen is initially synthesised as β-particles, and then joined by an unknown process to form α-particles. These α-particles are more resistant to degradation, presumably because of their lower surface area-to-volume ratio. These findings have important implications for new drug targets for diabetes management.
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39
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Furuyashiki T, Ogawa R, Nakayama Y, Honda K, Kamisoyama H, Takata H, Yasuda M, Kuriki T, Ashida H. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen reduces lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Res 2013; 33:743-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Yasuda M, Furuyashiki T, Nakamura T, Kakutani R, Takata H, Ashida H. Immunomodulatory activity of enzymatically synthesized glycogen and its digested metabolite in a co-culture system consisting of differentiated Caco-2 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2013; 4:1387-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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41
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Takahashi H, Tahara Y, Sawada SI, Akiyoshi K. Cationic amphiphilic polysaccharide nanoballs: protein stabilization and intracellular delivery by nano-encapsulation. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:842-849. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00178d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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Yoshida T, Takahashi K, Hattori M. Inhibiting or enhancing effect of sulfuric acid-treated wheat starch on antibody production induced by two types of adjuvant. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Yasuda M, Nakamura T, Shinoda E, Furuyashiki T, Kakutani R, Takata H, Kato Y, Ashida H. Comparative analysis of carbohydrate-binding specificities of two anti-glycogen monoclonal antibodies using ELISA and surface plasmon resonance. Carbohydr Res 2012; 350:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Kakutani R, Adachi Y, Kajiura H, Takata H, Kuriki T, Ohno N. The effect of orally administered glycogen on anti-tumor activity and natural killer cell activity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Kakutani R, Adachi Y, Takata H, Kuriki T, Ohno N. Essential role of Toll-like receptor 2 in macrophage activation by glycogen. Glycobiology 2011; 22:146-59. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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46
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Kurita K, Matsumura Y, Takahara H, Hatta K, Shimojoh M. Synthesis and macrophage activation of lentinan-mimic branched amino polysaccharides: curdlans having N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2267-74. [PMID: 21526779 DOI: 10.1021/bm200353m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches were incorporated at the C-6 position of curdlan, a linear β-1,3-d-glucan, and the resulting nonnatural branched polysaccharides were evaluated in terms of the immunomodulation activities in comparison with lentinan, a β-1,3-d-glucan having d-glucose branches at C-6. To incorporate the amino sugar branches, we conducted a series of regioselective protection-deprotections of curdlan involving triphenylmethylation at C-6, phenylcarbamoylation at C-2 and C-4, and detriphenylmethylation. Subsequent glycosylation with a d-glucosamine-derived oxazoline, followed by deprotection gave rise to the branched curdlans with various substitution degrees. The products exhibited remarkable solubility in both organic solvents and water. Their immunomodulation activities were determined using mouse macrophagelike cells, and the secretions of both the tumor necrosis factor and nitric oxide proved to be significantly higher than those with lentinan. These results conclude that the amino sugar/curdlan hybrid materials are promising as a new type of polysaccharide immunoadjuvants useful for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kurita
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University , Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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In vitro synthesis of glycogen: the structure, properties, and physiological function of enzymatically-synthesized glycogen. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Takahashi H, Sawada SI, Akiyoshi K. Amphiphilic polysaccharide nanoballs: a new building block for nanogel biomedical engineering and artificial chaperones. ACS NANO 2011; 5:337-45. [PMID: 21138322 DOI: 10.1021/nn101447m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG), a highly branched (1→4)(1→6)-linked α-glucan, is a new monodisperse spherical hyperbranched nanoparticle (molecular weight, 10(6)-10(7); diameter, 20-30 nm), polysaccharide nanoball. Amphiphilic ESG nanoballs were synthesized by introducing a cholesterol group to enzymatically synthesized glycogen (CHESG). CHESG assembled into a structure containing a few molecules to form cluster nanogels (approximately 35 nm in diameter) in water. The cluster nanogels were dissociated by the addition of cyclodextrin (CD) to form a supramolecular CHESG-CD nanocomplex due to complexation with the cholesterol group and CD. The CHESG nanogel showed high capacity for complexation with proteins, and the CHESG-CD nanocomplex showed high chaperone-like activity for thermal stabilization of enzymes. CHESG has great potential to become a new building block for nanogel biomedical engineering and to act as an artificial chaperone for protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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