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Jegatheeswaran S, Asnani A, Forman A, Hendel JL, Moore CJ, Nejatie A, Wang A, Wang JW, Auzanneau FI. Recognition of Dimeric Lewis X by Anti-Dimeric Le x Antibody SH2. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030538. [PMID: 32957489 PMCID: PMC7563222 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate antigen dimeric Lewis X (DimLex), which accumulates in colonic and liver adenocarcinomas, is a valuable target to develop anti-cancer therapeutics. Using the native DimLex antigen as a vaccine would elicit an autoimmune response against the Lex antigen found on normal, healthy cells. Thus, we aim to study the immunogenic potential of DimLex and search internal epitopes displayed by DimLex that remain to be recognized by anti-DimLex monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) but no longer possess epitopes recognized by anti-Lex mAbs. In this context, we attempted to map the epitope recognized by anti-DimLex mAb SH2 by titrations and competitive inhibition experiments using oligosaccharide fragments of DimLex as well as Lex analogues. We compare our results with that reported for anti-Lex mAb SH1 and anti-polymeric Lex mAbs 1G5F6 and 291-2G3-A. While SH1 recognizes an epitope localized to the non-reducing end Lex trisaccharide, SH2, 1G5F6, and 291-2G3-A have greater affinity for DimLex conjugates than for Lex conjugates. We show, however, that the Lex trisaccharide is still an important recognition element for SH2, which (like 1G5F6 and 291-2G3-A) makes contacts with all three sugar units of Lex. In contrast to mAb SH1, anti-polymeric Lex mAbs make contact with the GlcNAc acetamido group, suggesting that epitopes extend further from the non-reducing end Lex. Results with SH2 show that this epitope is only recognized when DimLex is presented by glycoconjugates. We have reported that DimLex adopts two conformations around the β-d-GlcNAc-(1→3)-d-Gal bond connecting the Lex trisaccharides. We propose that only one of these conformations is recognized by SH2 and that this conformation is favored when the hexasaccharide is presented as part of a glycoconjugate such as DimLex-bovine serum albumin (DimLex-BSA). Proper presentation of the oligosaccharide candidate via conjugation to a protein or lipid is essential for the design of an anti-cancer vaccine or immunotherapeutic based on DimLex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinthuja Jegatheeswaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Immunology Department, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S-1A8, Canada
| | - Ari Asnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah 53123, Indonesia
| | - Adam Forman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S-3H6, Canada
| | - Jenifer L. Hendel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Research and Development, Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14-3EB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Quality Control, SteriMax Inc., 2770 Portland Dr, Oakville, ON L6H-6R4, Canada
| | - Ali Nejatie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - An Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd. 4/F, 4th Building, 889 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jo-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- IQVIA, QuintilesIMS, Clinical Research, 10188 Telesis Ct #400, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - France-Isabelle Auzanneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.J.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (J.L.H.); (C.J.M.); (A.N.); (A.W.); (J.-W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Jegatheeswaran S, Auzanneau FI. Recognition of Lewis X by Anti-Le x Monoclonal Antibody IG5F6. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3037-3044. [PMID: 31666308 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
mAbs directed toward the Lewis X (Lex) determinant have been shown to display different specificities, depending on the presentation of Lex to the immune system. Of interest is the murine anti-Lex mAb IG5F6, generated against the O chain polysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori that contains polymeric Lex structures. The mAb was found to have a higher affinity for polymeric Lex over monomeric Lex In this study, we explore the recognition of monomeric Lex by IG5F6 using a panel of Lex analogues in which N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, l-fucose, or d-galactose (D-Gal) are replaced with d-glucose and/or l-rhamnose. Our studies show that all analogues were weaker inhibitors than the Lex Ag, indicating that all three residues are essential in the recognition of Lex by mAb IG5F6. We explored the involvement of 4″-OH of d-Gal in the binding with IG5F6 using a panel of 4″-modified Lex analogues. Although the 4″-OH is only involved in a weak polar interaction, we conclude that the D-Gal residue in Lex is primarily involved in aromatic stacking interactions with the Ab binding site. We compared these results to our work with mAb SH1. Although stacking interactions between D-Gal and an aromatic residue was also suggested for SH1, an H-bond involving the 4″-OH was identified that is not found in the binding of IG5F6 to Lex Thus, anti-Lex mAbs SH1 and IG5F6 bind to Lex in different manners, even though the hydrophobic patch displayed by the β-galactoside in Lex is essential in both cases for their binding to Lex.
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Moore CJ, Auzanneau FI. Understanding the Recognition of Lewis X by Anti-Lex Monoclonal Antibodies. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8183-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Rönnols J, Pendrill R, Fontana C, Hamark C, d’Ortoli TA, Engström O, Ståhle J, Zaccheus MV, Säwén E, Hahn LE, Iqbal S, Widmalm G. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono- to tetrasaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of oligosaccharides using the computer program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 2013; 380:156-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Moore CJ, Auzanneau FI. Synthesis of 4" manipulated Lewis X trisaccharide analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1134-43. [PMID: 23019441 PMCID: PMC3458731 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three analogues of the Lex trisaccharide antigen (β-D-Galp(1→4)[α-L-Fucp(1→3)]-D-GlcNAcp) in which the galactosyl residue is modified at O-4 as a methyloxy, deoxychloro or deoxyfluoro, were synthesized. We first report the preparation of the modified 4-OMe, 4-Cl and 4-F trichloroacetimidate galactosyl donors and then report their use in the glycosylation of an N-acetylglucosamine glycosyl acceptor. Thus, we observed that the reactivity of these donors towards the BF3·OEt2-promoted glycosylation at O-4 of the N-acetylglucosamine glycosyl acceptors followed the ranking 4-F > 4-OAc ≈ 4-OMe > 4-Cl. The resulting disaccharides were deprotected at O-3 of the glucosamine residue and fucosylated, giving access to the desired protected Lex analogues. One-step global deprotection (Na/NH3) of the protected 4”-methoxy analogue, and two-step deprotections (removal of a p-methoxybenzyl with DDQ, then Zemplén deacylation) of the 4”-deoxychloro and 4”-deoxyfluoro protected Lex analogues gave the desired compounds in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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