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Notaro A, Zaretsky M, Molinaro A, De Castro C, Eichler J. N-glycosylation in Archaea: Unusual sugars and unique modifications. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108963. [PMID: 37890267 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Archaea are microorganisms that comprise a distinct branch of the universal tree of life and which are best known as extremophiles, residing in a variety of environments characterized by harsh physical conditions. One seemingly universal trait of Archaea is the ability to perform N-glycosylation. At the same time, archaeal N-linked glycans present variety in terms of both composition and architecture not seen in the parallel eukaryal or bacterial processes. In this mini-review, many of the unique and unusual sugars found in archaeal N-linked glycans as identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Notaro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marianna Zaretsky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jerry Eichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel.
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Sepúlveda D, Hansen MJ, Dalsgaard I, Skov J, Lorenzen N. Antigenic variability of Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2a: A hurdle for vaccine efficacy against vibriosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:300-311. [PMID: 36202204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite vaccination, outbreaks of vibriosis still occur in sea-reared rainbow trout in Denmark. Vibriosis outbreaks are caused mainly by V. anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2a, and bacterins of both serotypes are included in the commonly used vaccine against this disease in Danish aquaculture. However, while the strains belonging to serotype O1 are genetically similar, the strains belonging to serotype O2a are highly diverse. This work aimed first at examining how the antibody response and protection induced by bacterin-based vaccines were affected by the antigenic variability within V. anguillarum serotype O2a strains. Following vaccination of rainbow trout with either a commercial or an experimental vaccine, specific antibody reactivity in serum from vaccinated fish was examined by ELISA against 23 strains of V. anguillarum serotype O2a (VaO2a). The strains were divided into 4 distinct subgroups according to the observed detection pattern. Seven strains were strongly recognized only by sera from fish vaccinated with the experimental vaccine (EV-I antisera), while 13 other strains were primarily recognized by sera from fish vaccinated with the commercial vaccine (CV antisera). Two strains were recognized by both EV-I and CV antisera, but with intermediate reactivity, while one strain was not recognized at all. A partly similar recognition pattern was observed when purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as antigen in the examination of antibody reactivity in Western blotting. The level of protection was highly dependent on both the vaccine and the strain used for challenge and showed no consistent correlation with antibody reactivity. Secondly, we attempted to use a bacterin vaccine based on one of the V. anguillarum O2a strains intermediately recognized by both EV-I and CV antisera to investigate whether that could potentially provide protection across strain variability. The immunized fish did mount a cross-reactive antibody response, but protection still varied depending on the strain used for challenge. Interestingly, the grouping of strains according to antibody reactivity correlated not only with genotyping based on single nucleotides polymorphisms analysis (SNP) but also with variability in the accessory genome, indicating that presence or absence of protein antigens or proteins associated with the biosynthesis of antigenic epitopes may explain the observed distinct serological subgrouping within VaO2a strains by trout immune sera. In terms of vaccination against VaO2a, our results demonstrate that it is important to take (local) antigen variations into account when using bacterin-based vaccines but also that alternatives to traditional bacterin-based vaccines might be needed to induce protection against the highly virulent Vibrio anguillarum serotype O2a strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Sepúlveda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mie Johanne Hansen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inger Dalsgaard
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skov
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Lorenzen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
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QIN CJ, DING MR, TIAN GZ, ZOU XP, FU JJ, HU J, YIN J. Chemical approaches towards installation of rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:401-420. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Garcia‐Vello P, Di Lorenzo F, Lamprinaki D, Notaro A, Speciale I, Molinaro A, Juge N, De Castro C. Structure of the O-Antigen and the Lipid A from the Lipopolysaccharide of Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 51191. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1252-1260. [PMID: 33197108 PMCID: PMC8048906 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common member of the oral microbiota. However, this symbiont has been found to play an active role in disease development. As a Gram-negative bacterium, F. nucleatum has a protective outer membrane layer whose external leaflet is mainly composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). LPSs play a crucial role in the interaction between bacteria and the host immune system. Here, we characterised the structure of the O-antigen and lipid A from F. nucleatum ssp. animalis ATCC 51191 by using a combination of GC-MS, MALDI and NMR techniques. The results revealed a novel repeat of the O-antigen structure of the LPS, [→4)-β-d-GlcpNAcA-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpNAc3NAlaA-(1→3)-α-d-FucpNAc4NR-(1→], (R=acetylated 60 %), and a bis-phosphorylated hexa-acylated lipid A moiety. Taken together these data showed that F. nucleatum ATCC 51191 has a distinct LPS which might differentially influence recognition by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garcia‐Vello
- Departmentof Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia, 2680126NapoliNAItaly
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Departmentof Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia, 2680126NapoliNAItaly
| | - Dimitra Lamprinaki
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceRosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Anna Notaro
- Departmentof Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia, 2680126NapoliNAItaly
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Università, 10080055Portici NAItaly
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Departmentof Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Cinthia, 2680126NapoliNAItaly
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Gut Microbes & Health Institute Strategic ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceRosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UQUK
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIVia Università, 10080055Portici NAItaly
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Drouillard S, Jeacomine I, Buon L, Boisset C, Courtois A, Thollas B, Morvan PY, Vallée R, Helbert W. Structure of the Exopolysaccharide Secreted by a Marine Strain Vibrio alginolyticus. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050164. [PMID: 29762521 PMCID: PMC5983295 DOI: 10.3390/md16050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus (CNCM I-4151) secretes an exopolysaccharide whose carbohydrate backbone is decorated with amino acids, likely conferring its properties that are appreciated in cosmetics. Here, the secreted polysaccharide of another strain of V. alginolyticus (CNCM I-5034) was characterized by chromatography and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments. The structure was resolved and shows that the carbohydrate backbone is made of four residues: D-galactose (Gal), D-galacturonic acid (GalA) D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), forming a tetrasaccharide repetition unit [→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→3)-α-d-Gal-(1→3)-α-d-GalA-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc(1→]. GlcA is derivatized with a lactate group giving ‘nosturonic acid’, and GalA is decorated with the amino acid alanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Drouillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Isabelle Jeacomine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Laurine Buon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Claire Boisset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Anthony Courtois
- Polymaris Biotechnology, Aéropôle Centre, 29600 Morlaix, France.
| | - Bertrand Thollas
- Polymaris Biotechnology, Aéropôle Centre, 29600 Morlaix, France.
| | | | | | - William Helbert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France.
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Patra KP, Choudhury B, Matthias MM, Baga S, Bandyopadhya K, Vinetz JM. Comparative analysis of lipopolysaccharides of pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic Leptospira species. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:244. [PMID: 26518696 PMCID: PMC4628369 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are complex, amphipathic biomolecules that constitute the major surface component of Gram-negative bacteria. Leptospira, unlike other human-pathogenic spirochetes, produce LPS, which is fundamental to the taxonomy of the genus, involved in host-adaption and also the target of diagnostic antibodies. Despite its significance, little is known of Leptospira LPS composition and carbohydrate structure among different serovars. Results LPS from Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain L1-130, a pathogenic species, and L. licerasiae serovar Varillal strain VAR 010, an intermediately pathogenic species, were studied. LPS prepared from aqueous and phenol phases were analyzed separately. L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni has additional sugars not found in L. licerasiae serovar Varillal, including fucose (2.7 %), a high amount of GlcNAc (12.3 %), and two different types of dideoxy HexNAc. SDS-PAGE indicated that L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni LPS had a far higher molecular weight and complexity than that of L. licerasiae serovar Varillal. Chemical composition showed that L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni LPS has an extended O-antigenic polysaccharide consisting of sugars, not present in L. licerasiae serovar Varillal. Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose were detected in both the species. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed the presence of hydroxypalmitate (3-OH-C16:0) only in L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Negative staining electron microscopic examination of LPS showed different filamentous morphologies in L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni vs. L. licerasiae serovar Varillal. Conclusions This comparative biochemical analysis of pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic Leptospira LPS reveals important carbohydrate and lipid differences that underlie future work in understanding the mechanisms of host-adaptation, pathogenicity and vaccine development in leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash P Patra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycotechnology Core Resources, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 4243, La Jolla, 92093-0687, California, USA.
| | - Michael M Matthias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
| | - Sheyenne Baga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
| | - Keya Bandyopadhya
- Glycotechnology Core Resources, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 4243, La Jolla, 92093-0687, California, USA.
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Facility, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRF 2, Room 5220, La Jolla, 92093-0760, California, USA.
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Fujii M, Sato Y, Ito H, Masago Y, Omura T. Monosaccharide composition of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide and O-chain from the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-87. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:896-903. [PMID: 22817604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protruding from the outermost layer of the outer membrane is expected to play an important role in cell physiology by interacting with molecules in the extracellular milieu; however, the structural and functional characteristics of these components in cyanobacteria remain largely unknown. We isolated water-soluble fractions of LPS and O-chain from the bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-87 and identified their monosaccharide compositions. METHODS AND RESULTS SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining demonstrated that the isolated total LPS was the smooth type with different numbers of repeating sugar units in the O-chain region. GC/MS analysis after acid hydrolysis, reduction and acetylation treatments indicated that the neutral monosaccharide components of the total LPS include glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose and xylose (in decreasing order of weight percentage), while only glucose was detected in the purified O-chain fraction. MALDI-TOF MS analysis suggested that the O-chain fraction is composed of repeating glucose and methylated glucose disaccharide units. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the monosaccharide composition of M. aeruginosa O-chain is relatively simple. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Although further studies are necessary, these findings provide fundamental information for understanding the structural and functional properties of cyanobacterial LPS and O-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fujii
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Reid CW, Fulton KM, Twine SM. Never take candy from a stranger: the role of the bacterial glycome in host–pathogen interactions. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:267-88. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the comprehensive study and complete sequencing of the Haemophilus influenzae genome in 1995 came the term ‘genomics’ and the beginning of the ‘omics’ era. Since this time, several analogous fields, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, have emerged. While growth and advancement in these fields have increased understanding of microbial virulence, the study of bacterial glycomes is still in its infancy and little is known concerning their role in host–pathogen interactions. Bacterial glycomics is challenging owing to the diversity of glyco-conjugate molecules, vast array of unusual sugars and limited number of analytical approaches available. However, recent advances in glycomics technologies offer the potential for exploration and characterization of both the structures and functions of components of bacterial glycomes in a systematic manner. Such characterization is a prerequisite for discerning the role of bacterial glycans in the interaction between host defences and bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Reid
- National Research Council – Institute for Biological Science, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kelly M Fulton
- National Research Council – Institute for Biological Science, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- National Research Council – Institute for Biological Science, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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