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Chen G, Khan IM, Zhang T, Campanella OH, Miao M. Alternansucrase as a key enabling tool of biotransformation from molecular features to applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135096. [PMID: 39214198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Alternansucrase (ASR), classified in GH70, produces unique α-glucans with alternating α-1,3 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages in the backbone chain from renewable sucrose which is easily obtained from nature with low cost. ASR has synthesized many products with valuable functionalities that hold enormous commercial interest and promising applications. The influence of biocatalysis and fermentation parameters on the yields, and properties of products are critical for the propositions made to promote the enzyme application. Investigations on ASR have been compiled in the review to provide information on the enzyme, products and parameters. This review summarizes studies on the characteristics, conversion mechanism, products, and beneficial applications of ASR and exhibits structure-based technologies to improve enzyme activity, specificity, and thermostability for industrial applications. Finally, prospects for further development are also proposed for various ASR applications in food and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Vaze R, Gadde S, Rathi A, Rathi VL, Jadhav S. Catalytic action of alternansucrase on sucrose under in vitro simulated gastric conditions. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109202. [PMID: 38954850 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Alternansucrase, a glucosyltransferase, is currently used to produce slowly digestible alternan oligosaccharides or maltooligosaccharides from sucrose. These oligosaccharides are popular for food fortification to lower postprandial glucose levels. This study aimed to explore the enzymatic reaction of alternansucrase in simulated in vitro gastric reaction conditions. Under the studied conditions, SucroSEB (a model enzyme for alternansucrase) hydrolyzed the sucrose and transglycosylated the glucose to produce glucans, both in the absence and presence of acceptors. The preference of the acceptor was maltose˃ raffinose˃ lactose. The rate of sucrose hydrolysis was significantly higher in the presence of maltose (p = 0.024). The glucans formed during the reaction included oligomers (DP 3-10) and polymers (DP ≥ 11), both of which increased over time. These glucans contained α-1,3 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages, confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. They were slowly and partially digestible in the presence of rat intestinal extract in contrast to the complete and rapid digestion of starch. The glucans formed after a longer gastric reaction time exhibited higher dietary fiber potential (19.145 ± 4.77 %; 60 min) compared to those formed during the initial phase (2.765 ± 0.19 %; 15 min). Overall, this study demonstrated the efficacy of SucroSEB in converting sucrose to slowly and partially digestible glucans under simulated in vitro gastric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Vaze
- Human Nutrition Department, Advanced Enzymes Technologies Ltd., Louiswadi, Thane, 400604, India
| | - Sriteja Gadde
- Human Nutrition Department, Advanced Enzymes Technologies Ltd., Louiswadi, Thane, 400604, India
| | - Abhijit Rathi
- Human Nutrition Department, Advanced Enzymes Technologies Ltd., Louiswadi, Thane, 400604, India
| | - V L Rathi
- Human Nutrition Department, Advanced Enzymes Technologies Ltd., Louiswadi, Thane, 400604, India
| | - Swati Jadhav
- Human Nutrition Department, Advanced Enzymes Technologies Ltd., Louiswadi, Thane, 400604, India.
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İspirli H, Bowman MJ, Skory CD, Dertli E. Synthesis and characterization of cellobiose-derived oligosaccharides with Bifidogenic activity by glucansucrase E81. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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İspirli H, Bowman MJ, Skory CD, Dertli E. Synthesis and characterization of Bifidogenic raffinose-derived oligosaccharides via acceptor reactions of glucansucrase E81. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wangpaiboon K, Sitthiyotha T, Chunsrivirot S, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Pichyangkura R. Unravelling Regioselectivity of Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 Alternansucrase by Acceptor Site Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3229. [PMID: 33810084 PMCID: PMC8005217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternansucrase (ALT, EC 2.4.1.140) is a glucansucrase that can generate α-(1,3/1,6)-linked glucan from sucrose. Previously, the crystal structure of the first alternansucrase from Leuconostoc citreum NRRL B-1355 was successfully elucidated; it showed that alternansucrase might have two acceptor subsites (W675 and W543) responsible for the formation of alternating linked glucan. This work aimed to investigate the primary acceptor subsite (W675) by saturated mutagenesis using Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 alternansucrase (LcALT). The substitution of other residues led to loss of overall activity, and formation of an alternan polymer with a nanoglucan was maintained when W675 was replaced with other aromatic residues. Conversely, substitution by nonaromatic residues led to the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Mutations at W675 could potentially cause LcALT to lose control of the acceptor molecule binding via maltose-acceptor reaction-as demonstrated by results from molecular dynamics simulations of the W675A variant. The formation of α-(1,2), α-(1,3), α-(1,4), and α-(1,6) linkages were detected from products of the W675A mutant. In contrast, the wild-type enzyme strictly synthesized α-(1,6) linkage on the maltose acceptor. This study examined the importance of W675 for transglycosylation, processivity, and regioselectivity of glucansucrases. Engineering glucansucrase active sites is one of the essential approaches to green tools for carbohydrate modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.W.); (S.C.)
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | | | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.W.); (S.C.)
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İspirli H, Dertli E. Production of lactose derivative hetero-oligosaccharides from whey by glucansucrase E81 and determination of prebiotic functions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xu W, Peng J, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Enhancement of the Brenneria sp. levansucrase thermostability by site-directed mutagenesis at Glu404 located at the “-TEAP-” residue motif. J Biotechnol 2019; 290:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bivolarski V, Vasileva T, Gabriel V, Iliev I. Synthesis of glucooligosaccharides with prebiotic potential by glucansucrase URE 13-300 acceptor reactions with maltose, raffinose and lactose. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:904-913. [PMID: 32624884 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report an efficient synthesis of glucooligosaccharides (GOSs) with prebiotic potential by novel glucansucrase URE 13-300 from Leuconostoc mesenteroides URE 13 strain. The highest total yield of GOSs with degree of polymerization (DP) from 3 to 6 was obtained with maltose as an acceptor and maltose/sucrose (M/S) ratio 1-136 g/L. An efficient modulation of GOSs composition is achieved by varying the M/S ratio. At M/S = 1, 2, 4 and 7 the content of DP3 products gradually increase from 54.50 to 91.70%. When the M/S ratio was decreased the synthesis of DP>3 GOSs is predominant and reaches 75.60% (M/S = 0.25). In addition, the maltose derived GOSs with DP>3, as well as raffinose and lactose glucosylation products have a branched structure which is prerequisite for increased prebiotic potential. The synthesized GOSs were efficiently metabolized by probiotic strains of Lb. plantarum S26, Lb. brevis S27 and Lb. sakei S16, and the calculated values of specific growth rate (μ) were nearly identical to this on glucose media, when maltose derived GOSs were used as a carbohydrate source. Strain specific features were observed in the utilization of the synthesized GOSs, as well as in the production of lactic acid and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Bivolarski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski" Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Tonka Vasileva
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski" Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Valerie Gabriel
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Biotechnology (LBAE-EA4565) University Institute of Technology "Paul Sabatier" Auch France
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski" Plovdiv Bulgaria
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C. K. Rajendran SR, Okolie CL, Udenigwe CC, Mason B. Structural features underlying prebiotic activity of conventional and potential prebiotic oligosaccharides in food and health. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subin R. C. K. Rajendran
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia B2N5E3, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
| | - Chigozie Louis Okolie
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia B2N5E3, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Beth Mason
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment; Cape Breton University; Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada
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Structural determinants of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkage specificity in reuteransucrase of Lactobacillus reuteri. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35261. [PMID: 27748434 PMCID: PMC5066211 DOI: 10.1038/srep35261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucansucrase GTFA of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 produces an α-glucan (reuteran) with a large amount of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages. The mechanism of alternating linkage formation by this reuteransucrase has remained unclear. GTFO of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 shows a high sequence similarity (80%) with GTFA of L. reuteri 121; it also synthesizes an α-glucan with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages, but with a clearly different ratio compared to GTFA. In the present study, we show that residues in loop977 (970DGKGYKGA977) and helix α4 (1083VSLKGA1088) are main determinants for the linkage specificity difference between GTFO and GTFA, and hence are important for the synthesis of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages in GTFA. More remote acceptor substrate binding sites (i.e.+3) are also involved in the determination of alternating linkage synthesis, as shown by structural analysis of the oligosaccharides produced using panose and maltotriose as acceptor substrate. Our data show that the amino acid residues at acceptor substrate binding sites (+1, +2, +3…) together form a distinct physicochemical micro-environment that determines the alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages synthesis in GTFA.
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Synthesis and structural characterization of raffinosyl-oligofructosides upon transfructosylation by Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604 inulosucrase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6251-6263. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Brison Y, Laguerre S, Lefoulon F, Morel S, Monties N, Potocki-Véronèse G, Monsan P, Remaud-Simeon M. Branching pattern of gluco-oligosaccharides and 1.5kDa dextran grafted by the α-1,2 branching sucrase GBD-CD2. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:567-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, van Leeuwen SS, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. Glucansucrases: three-dimensional structures, reactions, mechanism, α-glucan analysis and their implications in biotechnology and food applications. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:250-72. [PMID: 22796091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases are extracellular enzymes that synthesize a wide variety of α-glucan polymers and oligosaccharides, such as dextran. These carbohydrates have found numerous applications in food and health industries, and can be used as pure compounds or even be produced in situ by generally regarded as safe (GRAS) lactic acid bacteria in food applications. Research in the recent years has resulted in big steps forward in the understanding and exploitation of the biocatalytic potential of glucansucrases. This paper provides an overview of glucansucrase enzymes, their recently elucidated crystal structures, their reaction and product specificity, and the structural analysis and applications of α-glucan polymers. Furthermore, we discuss key developments in the understanding of α-glucan polymer formation based on the recently elucidated three-dimensional structures of glucansucrase proteins. Finally we discuss the (potential) applications of α-glucans produced by lactic acid bacteria in food and health related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Leemhuis
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute-GBB, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. Glycosidic bond specificity of glucansucrases: on the role of acceptor substrate binding residues. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.676301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hernandez-Hernandez O, Côté GL, Kolida S, Rastall RA, Sanz ML. In vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose-derived oligosaccharides by human gut bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10901-10906. [PMID: 21913653 DOI: 10.1021/jf202466s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, in vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose-derived oligosaccharides, previously fractionated according to their degree of polymerization (DP; from DP4 to DP10), was carried out using small-scale pH-controlled batch cultures at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions with human feces. Bifidogenic activity of oligosaccharides with DP4-6 similar to that of lactulose was observed; however, in general, a significant growth of lactic acid bacteria Bacteroides , Atopobium cluster, and Clostridium histolyticum group was not shown during incubation. Acetic acid was the main short chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced during the fermentation process; the highest levels of this acid were shown by alternansucrase raffinose acceptor pentasaccharides at 10 h (63.11 mM) and heptasaccharides at 24 h (54.71 mM). No significant differences between the gas volume produced by the mixture of raffinose-based oligosaccharides (DP5-DP10) and inulin after 24 h of incubation were detected, whereas lower gas volume was generated by DP4 oligosaccharides. These findings indicate that novel raffinose-derived oligosaccharides (DP4-DP10) could be a new source of prebiotic carbohydrates.
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Transglucosidases as efficient tools for oligosaccharide and glucoconjugate synthesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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André I, Potocki-Véronèse G, Morel S, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M. Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for Biocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:25-48. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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