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Yamasaki-Yashiki S, Shiraishi T, Gyobu M, Sasaki H, Kunisawa J, Yokota SI, Katakura Y. Immunostimulatory activity of lipoteichoic acid with three fatty acid residues derived from Limosilactobacillus antri JCM 15950 T. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0119724. [PMID: 39240119 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01197-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Some strains of lactic acid bacteria can regulate the host's intestinal immune system. Bacterial cells and membrane vesicles (MVs) of Limosilactobacillus antri JCM 15950T promote immunoglobulin A (IgA) production in murine Peyer's patch cells via toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. This study aimed to investigate the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a ligand of TLR2, in the immunostimulatory activity of these bacterial cells and their MVs. LTA extracted from bacterial cells was purified through hydrophobic interaction chromatography and then divided into fractions LTA1 and LTA2 through anion-exchange chromatography. LTA1 induced greater interleukin (IL)-6 production from macrophage-like RAW264 cells than LTA2, and the induced IL-6 production was suppressed by TLR2 neutralization using an anti-TLR2 antibody. The LTAs in both fractions contained two hexose residues in the glycolipid anchor; however, LTA1 was particularly rich in triacyl LTA. The free hydroxy groups in the glycerol phosphate (GroP) repeating units were substituted by d-alanine (d-Ala) and α-glucose in LTA1, but only by α-glucose in LTA2. The dealanylation of LTA1 slightly suppressed IL-6 production in RAW264 cells, whereas deacylation almost completely suppressed IL-6 production. Furthermore, IL-6 production induced by dealanylated LTA1 was markedly higher than that induced by dealanylated LTA2. These results indicated that the critical moieties for the immunostimulatory activity of L. antri-derived LTA were the three fatty acid residues rather than the substitution with d-Ala in GroP. LTA was also detected in MVs, suggesting that the triacyl LTA, but not the diacyl LTA, translocated to the MVs and conferred immunostimulatory activity. IMPORTANCE Some lactic acid bacteria activate the host intestinal immune system via toll-like receptor (TLR) 2. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a TLR2 ligand; however, the moieties of LTA that determine its immunostimulatory activity remain unclear because of the wide diversity of LTA partial structures. We found that Limosilactobacillus antri JCM 15950T has three types of LTAs (triacyl, diacyl, and monoacyl LTAs). Specifically, structural analysis of the LTAs revealed that triacyl LTA plays a crucial role in immunostimulation and that the fatty acid residues are essential for the activity. The three acyl residues are characteristic of LTAs from many lactic acid bacteria, and our findings can explain the immunostimulatory mechanisms widely exhibited by lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of membrane vesicles released by L. antri JCM 15950T is due to the transferred LTA, demonstrating a novel mechanism of membrane vesicle-mediated immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Yamasaki-Yashiki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mai Gyobu
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Sasaki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshio Katakura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Shiraishi T, Matsuzaki C, Chiou TY, Kumeta H, Kawada M, Yamamoto K, Takahashi T, Yokota SI. Lipoteichoic acid composed of poly-glycerolphosphate containing l-lysine and involved in immunoglobulin A-inducing activity in Apilactobacillus genus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132540. [PMID: 38782319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the gram-positive bacterial cell wall acts as an immunomodulatory factor in host cells. The chemical structures vary among bacterial species and strains, and may be related to biological activities. In our previous work, much higher immunoglobulin A (IgA)-inducing activity was observed in cells of the Apilactobacillus genus (Apilactobacillus kosoi 10HT, Apilactobacillus apinorum JCM 30765T, and Apilactobacillus kunkeei JCM 16173T) than other lactic acid bacteria, and their LTA was responsible for the activity. In the present study, we elucidated the chemical structures of LTA from these Apilactobacillus strains to explore the structure-function relationship of the IgA-inducing activity. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra suggested that their LTA structures were similar. All have a poly-glycerolphosphate main chain, which comprised 12 to 20 average number of the repeating units, with partial substitutions of glucose(α1-, glucosyl(α1-2)glucose(α1- (α-linked-kojibiose), and l-lysine at the C-2 hydroxy group of the glycerol residue. l-Lysine is a substituent never seen before in LTA, and is a probable characteristic of the Apilactobacillus genus. Removal of l-lysine residue from LTA by mild alkaline treatment decreased IgA induction in murine Peyer's patch experiments. The novel l-lysine residue in Apilactobacillus LTA plays a crucial role in the remarkably high IgA-inducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Matsuzaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tai-Ying Chiou
- School of Regional Innovation and Social Design Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Manami Kawada
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Center for Innovative and Joint Research, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takahashi
- ARSOA Research & Development Center, Arsoa Keioh Group Corporation, Hokuto, Yamanashi 408-8522, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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Han J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Li P, Gu Q. Insight into the structure, biosynthesis, isolation method and biological function of teichoic acid in different gram-positive microorganisms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126825. [PMID: 37696369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Teichoic acid (TA) is a weakly anionic polymer present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be classified into wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) based on its localization in the cell wall. The structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs are strain-specific and have a significant role in maintaining cell wall stability. TAs have various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, the purity and yield of TAs are generally not high, and different isolation methods may even affect their structural integrity, which limits the research progress on the probiotic functions of TA. This paper reviews an overview of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs in different strains, as well as the research progress of the isolation and purification methods of TAs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the current research status on the biological functions of TAs. Through a comprehensive understanding of this review, it is expected to pave the way for advancements in isolating and purifying high-quality TAs and, in turn, lay a foundation for contributing to the development of targeted probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Nikolopoulos N, Matos RC, Ravaud S, Courtin P, Akherraz H, Palussiere S, Gueguen-Chaignon V, Salomon-Mallet M, Guillot A, Guerardel Y, Chapot-Chartier MP, Grangeasse C, Leulier F. Structure-function analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DltE reveals D-alanylated lipoteichoic acids as direct cues supporting Drosophila juvenile growth. eLife 2023; 12:e84669. [PMID: 37042660 PMCID: PMC10241514 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoans establish mutually beneficial interactions with their resident microorganisms. However, our understanding of the microbial cues contributing to host physiology remains elusive. Previously, we identified a bacterial machinery encoded by the dlt operon involved in Drosophila melanogaster's juvenile growth promotion by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Here, using crystallography combined with biochemical and cellular approaches, we investigate the physiological role of an uncharacterized protein (DltE) encoded by this operon. We show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) but not wall teichoic acids are D-alanylated in Lactiplantibacillus plantarumNC8 cell envelope and demonstrate that DltE is a D-Ala carboxyesterase removing D-Ala from LTA. Using the mutualistic association of L. plantarumNC8 and Drosophila melanogaster as a symbiosis model, we establish that D-alanylated LTAs (D-Ala-LTAs) are direct cues supporting intestinal peptidase expression and juvenile growth in Drosophila. Our results pave the way to probing the contribution of D-Ala-LTAs to host physiology in other symbiotic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Nikolopoulos
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Renata C Matos
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Stephanie Ravaud
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Pascal Courtin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis InstituteJouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Houssam Akherraz
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Simon Palussiere
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis InstituteJouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Virginie Gueguen-Chaignon
- Protein Science Facility, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieur de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Marie Salomon-Mallet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis InstituteJouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Alain Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis InstituteJouy-en-JosasFrance
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et FonctionnelleLilleFrance
| | | | - Christophe Grangeasse
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
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Role of Lipoteichoic Acid from the Genus Apilactobacillus in Inducing a Strong IgA Response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0019022. [PMID: 35380450 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00190-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacterium-containing fermentates provide beneficial health effects by regulating the immune response. A naturally fermented vegetable beverage, a traditional Japanese food, reportedly provides health benefits; however, the beneficial function of its bacteria has not been clarified. Apilactobacillus kosoi is the predominant lactic acid bacterium in the beverage. Using murine Peyer's patch cells, we compared the immunoglobulin A (IgA)-inducing activity of A. kosoi 10HT to those of 29 other species of lactic acid bacteria and found that species belonging to the genus Apilactobacillus (A. kosoi 10HT, A. apinorum JCM30765T, and A. kunkeei JCM16173T) possessed significantly higher activity than the others. Thereafter, lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), important immunostimulatory molecules of Gram-positive bacteria, were purified from the three Apilactobacillus species, and their IgA-inducing activity was compared to those of LTAs from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JCM1149T and a probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. The results revealed that LTAs from Apilactobacillus species had significantly higher activity than others. We also compared the LTA structure of A. kosoi 10HT with that of L. plantarum JCM1149T and L. rhamnosus GG. Although d-alanine or both d-alanine and carbohydrate residues were substituents of free hydroxyl groups in the polyglycerol phosphate structure in LTAs from strains JCM1149T and GG, d-alanine residues were not found in LTA from strain 10HT by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis of the glycolipid structure of LTA revealed that LTA from strain 10HT contained dihexosyl glycerol, whereas trihexosyl glycerol was detected in LTAs from other strains. These structural differences may be related to differences in IgA-inducing activity. IMPORTANCE The components of lactic acid bacteria that exert immunostimulatory effects are of increasing interest for therapeutic and prophylactic options, such as alternatives to antibiotics, cognitive enhancements, and vaccine adjuvants. LTAs act as immunostimulatory molecules in the host innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors. However, as LTA structures differ among species, detailed knowledge of the structure-function relationship for immunostimulatory effects is required. Comparisons of the IgA-inducing activity of LTAs have demonstrated that LTAs from the genus Apilactobacillus possess distinctive activities to stimulate mucosal immunity. The first analysis of the LTA structure from the genus Apilactobacillus suggests that it differs from structures of LTAs of related species of lactic acid bacteria. This knowledge is expected to aid in the development of functional foods containing lactic acid bacteria and pharmaceutical applications of immunostimulatory molecules from lactic acid bacteria.
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Katsuki R, Shiraishi T, Sakata S, Hirota T, Nakamura Y, Yokota SI. Inhibitory Effect of the Glycerophosphate Moiety of Lipoteichoic Acid from Lactic Acid Bacteria on Dexamethasone-Induced Atrogin-1 Expression in C2C12 Myotubes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:351-357. [PMID: 34719621 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atrogin-1, which is an important regulator of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in skeletal muscle, is a major marker of muscle loss and disuse muscle atrophy. To investigate which components of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suppress dexamethasone (DEX)-induced atrogin-1 expression, mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myotubes were treated with DEX in the presence or absence of components of LAB. Heat-killed cells and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) derived from five LAB strains significantly suppressed DEX-induced atrogin-1 expression. The glycerophosphate (GroP) fraction prepared from chemically-degraded LTA and sn-glycerol-1-phosphate suppressed DEX-induced atrogin-1 expression, whereas the glycolipid anchor fraction of LTA did not. Heat-killed cells obtained by culturing under low-Mn2+ conditions, which generated fewer poly-GroP polymers in LTA, displayed significantly lower inhibitory activity compared to heat-killed cells grown under normal conditions. These results suggested that LTA of LAB contributed to suppressing atrogin-1 expression and that the GroP moiety of LTA was responsible for its inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katsuki
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd
| | - Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Sakata
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd
| | - Tatsuhiko Hirota
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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Shiraishi T, Yokota S, Fukiya S, Yokota A. Structural diversity and biological significance of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria: focusing on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 35:147-161. [PMID: 27867802 PMCID: PMC5107633 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2016-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cell surface molecules are at the forefront of host-bacterium interactions. Teichoic acids are observed only in Gram-positive bacteria, and they are
one of the main cell surface components. Teichoic acids play important physiological roles and contribute to the bacterial interaction with their host. In
particular, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) anchored to the cell membrane has attracted attention as a host immunomodulator. Chemical and biological characteristics of
LTA from various bacteria have been described. However, most of the information concerns pathogenic bacteria, and information on beneficial bacteria, including
probiotic lactic acid bacteria, is insufficient. LTA is structurally diverse. Strain-level structural diversity of LTA is suggested to underpin its
immunomodulatory activities. Thus, the structural information on LTA in probiotics, in particular strain-associated diversity, is important for understanding
its beneficial roles associated with the modulation of immune response. Continued accumulation of structural information is necessary to elucidate the detailed
physiological roles and significance of LTA. In this review article, we summarize the current state of knowledge on LTA structure, in particular the structure
of LTA from lactic acid bacteria. We also describe the significance of structural diversity and biological roles of LTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1 Nishi 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1 Nishi 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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Megson ZA, Pittenauer E, Duda KA, Engel R, Ortmayr K, Koellensperger G, Mach L, Allmaier G, Holst O, Messner P, Schäffer C. Inositol-phosphodihydroceramides in the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia: Structural analysis and incorporation of exogenous myo-inositol. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1417-27. [PMID: 26277409 PMCID: PMC4587543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unique phosphodihydroceramides containing phosphoethanolamine and glycerol have been previously described in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Importantly, they were shown to possess pro-inflammatory properties. Other common human bacteria were screened for the presence of these lipids, and they were found, amongst others, in the oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia. To date, no detailed study into the lipids of this organism has been performed. METHODS Lipids were extracted, separated and purified by HPTLC, and analyzed using GC-MS, ESI-MS and NMR. Of special interest was how T. forsythia acquires the metabolic precursors for the lipids studied here. This was assayed by radioactive and stable isotope incorporation using carbon-14 and deuterium labeled myo-inositol, added to the growth medium. RESULTS T. forsythia synthesizes two phosphodihydroceramides (Tf GL1, Tf GL2) which are constituted by phospho-myo-inositol linked to either a 17-, 18-, or 19-carbon sphinganine, N-linked to either a branched 17:0(3-OH) or a linear 16:0(3-OH) fatty acid which, in Tf GL2, is, in turn, ester-substituted with a branched 15:0 fatty acid. T. forsythia lacks the enzymatic machinery required for myo-inositol synthesis but was found to internalize inositol from the medium for the synthesis of both Tf GL1 and Tf GL2. CONCLUSION The study describes two novel glycolipids in T. forsythia which could be essential in this organism. Their synthesis could be reliant on an external source of myo-inositol. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The effects of these unique lipids on the immune system and their role in bacterial virulence could be relevant in the search for new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Anne Megson
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Anna Duda
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 4a/4c, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Regina Engel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 4a/4c, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karin Ortmayr
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna, University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Holst
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 4a/4c, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Hatano S, Hirose Y, Yamamoto Y, Murosaki S, Yoshikai Y. Scavenger receptor for lipoteichoic acid is involved in the potent ability of Lactobacillus plantarum strain L-137 to stimulate production of interleukin-12p40. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:321-31. [PMID: 25698554 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum strain L-137 (HK L-137) is a more potent inducer of interleukin (IL)-12 than other heat-killed Lactobacillus strains. To elucidate the mechanism involved in this IL-12p40 induction, we compared HK L-137 with heat-killed L. plantarum strain JCM1149 (HK JCM1149) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Results showed that HK L-137 contained lipoteichoic acid (LTA) with a chemical structure similar to that of JCM1149, except for a lower degree of glucosyl substitution in the poly(glycerol phosphate) backbone. Lysozyme sensitivity and electrophoretic moiety analysis revealed that HK L-137 exposed more LTA on its cell surface than HK JCM1149. Phagocytosis of HK L-137 by splenic adherent cells was significantly greater than that of HK JCM1149. Anti-LTA antibody and anti-scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) antibody selectively inhibited phagocytosis of HK L-137, as well as IL-12p40 production, by splenic adherent cells. Thus, a higher efficiency of phagocytosis of HK L-137 via SR-A for LTA is responsible for the potent IL-12p40 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hatano
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirose
- Research and Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Research and Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Research and Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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10
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Revilla-Guarinos A, Gebhard S, Mascher T, Zúñiga M. Defence against antimicrobial peptides: different strategies inFirmicutes. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:1225-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos
- Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Susanne Gebhard
- Department Biologie I, Mikrobiologie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Department Biologie I, Mikrobiologie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Paterna Valencia Spain
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11
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Neiwert O, Holst O, Duda KA. Structural investigation of rhamnose-rich polysaccharides from Streptococcus dysgalactiae bovine mastitis isolate. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:192-5. [PMID: 24680507 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Different rhamnose-rich polysaccharides (RRP) were identified in the cell envelope of the Gram-positive bovine mastitis isolate Streptococcus dysgalactiae 2023. Structural investigations of the 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance experiments as well as chemical analyses identified as main components l-Rha and d-GalNAc. Two main RRP were characterized, namely 1 being composed of the repeating unit {→3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→2)-[α-d-GalpNAc-(1→3)-β-d-GalpNAc-(1→3)-]α-l-Rhap-(1} and 2 possessing the repeat [→2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Neiwert
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Priority Area of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 4a/c, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Otto Holst
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Priority Area of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 4a/c, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Katarzyna A Duda
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Priority Area of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 4a/c, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
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12
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Czabańska A, Holst O, Duda KA. Chemical structures of the secondary cell wall polymers (SCWPs) isolated from bovine mastitis Streptococcus uberis. Carbohydr Res 2013; 377:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Czabańska A, Neiwert O, Lindner B, Leigh J, Holst O, Duda KA. Structural analysis of the lipoteichoic acids isolated from bovine mastitis Streptococcus uberis 233, Streptococcus dysgalactiae 2023 and Streptococcus agalactiae 0250. Carbohydr Res 2012; 361:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Tomita S, Furihata K, Tanaka N, Satoh E, Nukada T, Okada S. Determination of strain-specific wall teichoic acid structures in Lactobacillus plantarum reveals diverse α-D-glucosyl substitutions and high structural uniformity of the repeating units. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:2712-2723. [PMID: 22918894 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.060913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of wall teichoic acid (WTA) was investigated using biochemical and NMR analyses among 19 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, of which seven were previously established to contain a glycerol-type backbone, whereas the remaining 12 strains possess ribitol-containing WTA. Despite the fact that the WTAs consisted of identical components, namely phosphoric acid, alditol (glycerol or ribitol) and glucose, comparative analysis of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra indicated the presence of six different structures, based on the observed differences in the anomeric signals of glucose residues. To determine the six WTA structures, their repeating units were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis, followed by fractionation on HPLC, and analysis by NMR spectroscopy using synthetic molecules as a reference. The structures of the six isolates were established as 1-α-D-glucosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-α-D-kojibiosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 1-α-D-nigerosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, 4-α-D-kojibiosylribitol 1-phosphate and 1,5-linked di-(2,4-di-α-D-glucosylribitol) phosphate. The backbone structures appeared to be 3,6'-linked poly(1-α-D-glucosyl-sn-glycerol phosphate) for the glycerol-type WTA and 1,5-linked poly(ribitol phosphate) for the ribitol-containing WTA. Moreover, in the analysis of the alkaline hydrolysates on HPLC, only single structures of repeating units were released from each WTA, indicating the high structural uniformity of the WTA in each strain. Notably, analyses of lipoteichoic acid isolated from representative strains harbouring the six different WTAs revealed the universal presence of a 1,3-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) chain, substituted at C-2 of the glycerol residues with glucose residues. These findings provide fundamental information on WTA structural variability in Lb. plantarum, which seems likely to play a pivotal role in the physiology of this bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Tomita
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Kazuo Furihata
- Division of Agriculture and Agricultural Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tanaka
- Department of Fermentation Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Eiichi Satoh
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nukada
- Department of Fermentation Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Sanae Okada
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
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15
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Fischer K, Stein K, Ulmer AJ, Lindner B, Heine H, Holst O. Cytokine-inducing lipoteichoic acids of the allergy-protective bacterium Lactococcus lactis G121 do not activate via Toll-like receptor 2. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1588-95. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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16
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The Structure of Bacterial S-Layer Proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 103:73-130. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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