1
|
Tian G, Qin C, Hu J, Zou X, Yin J. Effect of Side-Chain Functional Groups in the Immunogenicity of Bacterial Surface Glycans. Molecules 2023; 28:7112. [PMID: 37894591 PMCID: PMC10609480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans on the surface of bacteria have diverse and essential biological functions and have widely been employed for treating various bacterial infectious diseases. Furthermore, these glycans comprise various functional groups, such as O-, N-, and carboxyl-modified, which significantly increase the diversity of glycan structures. These functional groups are not only crucial for glycans' structural identity but are also essential for their biological functions. Therefore, a clear understanding of the biological functions of these modified groups in corresponding bacterial glycans is crucial for their medical applications. Thus far, the activities of functional groups in some biomedical active carbohydrates have been elucidated. It has been shown that some functional groups are key constituents of biologically active bacterial glycans, while others are actually not essential and may even mask the functions of the glycans. This paper reviews the structures of naturally occurring side-chain functional groups in glycans located on the bacterial surface and their roles in immunological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.T.); (C.Q.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.T.); (C.Q.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Xiaopeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.T.); (C.Q.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (G.T.); (C.Q.); (X.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
QIN CJ, DING MR, TIAN GZ, ZOU XP, FU JJ, HU J, YIN J. Chemical approaches towards installation of rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:401-420. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G. Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:655-683. [PMID: 31778182 PMCID: PMC7685785 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and three (O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Axel Furevi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Quan Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience, University of Sydney, 2 Butilin Ave, Darlington NSW 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Senchenkova SN, Zhang Y, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Shashkov AS, Liu B, Knirel YA. Structure and Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of the O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O12. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:401-6. [PMID: 27293097 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides were isolated from Escherichia coli O12, the major being identified as the O12-antigen and the minor as the K5-antigen. The polysaccharides were studied by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, and one- and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. As a result, the following structure of the O12-polysaccharide was elucidated, which, to our knowledge, has not been hitherto found in bacterial carbohydrates: →2)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→3)-α-l-FucpNAc-(1→3)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→. The →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→ structure established for the K5-polysaccharide (heparosan) is previously known. Functions of genes in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster of E. coli O12 were assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be consistent with the O12-polysaccharide structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Senchenkova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Senchenkova SN, Guo X, Naumenko OI, Shashkov AS, Perepelov AV, Liu B, Knirel YA. Structure and genetics of the O-antigens of Escherichia coli O182-O187. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:58-67. [PMID: 27710814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
O-polysaccharides (OPSs) were obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli O182-O187, and their structures were established by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In addition to the monosaccharides that occur often in E. coli OPSs (d-Glc, d-Gal, d-Man, d-GlcNAc, d-GalNAc, d-GlcA, l-Fuc, d-Rib), a number of less common components were identified as the OPS constituents, including 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-l-quinovose and 4-deoxy-4-[(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-l-alanyl]-d-quinovose (O186), 3-acetamido-3-deoxy-d-fucose (O187), 3-deoxy-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl]-d-fucose (O184), and 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-l-rhamnose (O182). The OPS structures of E. coli O183 and O182 are identical to those of the OPS of Shigella boydii type 10 and the capsular polysaccharide of E. coli K48, respectively. The OPSs of E. coli O186 and O123 are closely related differing in the presence of a Glc residue in the former in place of a GlcNAc residue in the latter. The O-antigen gene clusters of the bacteria studied were analyzed and their contents were found to be consistent with the OPS structures. Predicted glycosyltransferases encoded in the gene clusters were tentatively assigned to glycosidic linkages based on similarities to sequences of other E. coli O-serogroups available from GenBank and taking into account the OPS structures established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Olesya I Naumenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Reeves PR, Wang L. Structural diversity in Salmonella O antigens and its genetic basis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 38:56-89. [PMID: 23848592 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the structures and genetics of the 46 O antigens of Salmonella, a major pathogen of humans and domestic animals. The variation in structures underpins the serological specificity of the 46 recognized serogroups. The O antigen is important for the full function and virulence of many bacteria, and the considerable diversity of O antigens can confer selective advantage. Salmonella O antigens can be divided into two major groups: those which have N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and those which have galactose (Gal) as the first sugar in the O unit. In recent years, we have determined 21 chemical structures and sequenced 28 gene clusters for GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens, thus completing the structure and DNA sequence data for the 46 Salmonella O antigens. The structures and gene clusters of the GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens were found to be highly diverse, and 24 of them were found to be identical or closely related to Escherichia coli O antigens. Sequence comparisons indicate that all or most of the shared gene clusters were probably present in the common ancestor, although alternative explanations are also possible. In contrast, the better-known eight Gal-initiated O antigens are closely related both in structures and gene cluster sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perepelov AV, Liu B, Guo D, Senchenkova SN, Shahskov AS, Feng L, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structure elucidation of the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica O51 and its structural and genetic relation to the O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O23. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:774-9. [PMID: 21999538 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911070078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Salmonella enterica O51 was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and its structure was established using sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The O-antigen of Escherichia coli O23, whose structure was elucidated earlier, possesses a similar structure and differs only in the presence of an additional lateral α-D-Glcp residue at position 6 of the GlcNAc residue in the main chain. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of S. enterica O51 and E. coli O23 revealed the same genes with a high-level similarity. By comparison with opened gene databases, all genes expected for the synthesis of the common structure of the two O-antigens were assigned functions. It is suggested that the gene clusters of both bacteria originated from a common ancestor, whereas the O-antigen modification in E. coli O23, which, most probably, is induced by prophage genes outside the gene cluster, could be introduced after the species divergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Perepelov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kenyon JJ, De Castro C, Cunneen MM, Reeves PR, Molinaro A, Holst O, Skurnik M. The genetics and structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:10 and its relationship with Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
9
|
Li Y, Perepelov AV, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Senchenkova SN, Shahskov AS, Liu B, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships of two pairs of closely related O-antigens ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica:E. coliO11/S. entericaO16 andE. coliO21/S. entericaO38. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00771.x (2011)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Li Y, Perepelov AV, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Senchenkova SN, Shahskov AS, Liu B, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships of two pairs of closely related O-antigens ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica:E. coliO11/S. entericaO16 andE. coliO21/S. entericaO38. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 61:258-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Liu B, Perepelov AV, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Senchenkova SN, Feng L, Shashkov AS, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships between the O-antigens ofEscherichia coliO118 and O151. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:199-207. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|