1
|
Sun X, Zhang T, Liu Y, Chen P, Qin H, Yang J, Sun Y. Self-assembled multienzyme complex facilitates synthesis of glucosylglycerol from maltodextrin and glycerol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:266-272. [PMID: 37551437 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound 2-O-α-d-glucosylglycerol (2αGG) naturally serves as a compatible osmolyte in acclimation to environmental stresses, such as high osmolarity, dryness, and extreme temperature. It presents several bioactivities and has been used in the food, agriculture, and cosmetics areas. RESULTS In the present study, we attempted to synthesize the 2αGG from low-cost maltodextrin and glycerol by constructing an in vitro multi-enzyme system. The system contained two core enzymes, namely glucan phosphorylases (GPs) and glucosylglycerol phosphorylases (GGPs), and two auxiliary enzymes, namely isoamylase and 4-α-glucanotransferase. Several new GGPs from different organisms were characterized with the function of converting α-G1P and glycerol to sole stereo-configuration product 2αGG. Then, polypeptide SpyTag-SpyCatcher was employed to construct a self-assembled multienzyme complex, and different combinations between enzymes and peptides were constructed and tested. The best self-assembled multienzyme complex exhibited three-fold higher productivity compared to that of free enzyme. This reaction system also produced 240 mm (61 g L-1 ) 2αGG under high substrate concentration, with a conversion yield of 86%. CONCLUSION The present study provides an efficient approach for producing 2αGG. It also demonstrates that the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system could be applied to construct other multienzyme complexes for increased productivity and product titer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yinlu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Ke F, Chen L, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Enhancing regioselectivity of sucrose phosphorylase by loop engineering for glycosylation of L-ascorbic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4575-4586. [PMID: 35739344 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) has a remarkable capacity to synthesize numerous glucosides from abundantly available sucrose under mild conditions but suffers from specificity and regioselectivity issues. In this study, a loop engineering strategy was introduced to enhance the regioselectivity and substrate specificity of SPase for the efficient synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) via L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). P134, L341, and L343 were identified as "hotspots" for modulating the flexibility of loops, which significantly influenced the H-bonding network of L-AA in the active site, as well as the entrance of the substrate channel, thereby altering the regioselectivity and substrate specificity. Finally, the mutant L341V/L343F, with near-perfect control of the selectivity synthesis of the 2-OH group of L-AA (> 99%), was obtained. The AA-2G production by the mutant reached 244 g L-1 in a whole-cell biotransformation system, and the conversion rate of L-AA reached 64%, which is the highest level reported to date. Our work also provides a successful loop engineering case for modulating the regioselectivity and specificity of sucrose phosphorylase. KEY POINTS: • "Hotspots" were identified in the flexible loops of sucrose phosphorylase. • Mutants exhibited improved regioselectivity and specificity against L-ascorbic acid. • Synthesized AA-2G with high yield and regioselectivity by whole-cell of mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Feifei Ke
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Franceus J, Desmet T. Sucrose Phosphorylase and Related Enzymes in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 13: Discovery, Application and Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2526. [PMID: 32260541 PMCID: PMC7178133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases are carbohydrate-active enzymes with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic conversion of common table sugar into products with attractive properties. They belong to the glycoside hydrolase family GH13, where they are found in subfamily 18. In bacteria, these enzymes catalyse the phosphorolysis of sucrose to yield α-glucose 1-phosphate and fructose. However, sucrose phosphorylases can also be applied as versatile transglucosylases for the synthesis of valuable glycosides and sugars because their broad promiscuity allows them to transfer the glucosyl group of sucrose to a diverse collection of compounds other than phosphate. Numerous process and enzyme engineering studies have expanded the range of possible applications of sucrose phosphorylases ever further. Moreover, it has recently been discovered that family GH13 also contains a few novel phosphorylases that are specialised in the phosphorolysis of sucrose 6F-phosphate, glucosylglycerol or glucosylglycerate. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in our understanding and exploitation of sucrose phosphorylases and related enzymes over the past ten years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Structural Comparison of a Promiscuous and a Highly Specific Sucrose 6 F-Phosphate Phosphorylase. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163906. [PMID: 31405215 PMCID: PMC6720575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In family GH13 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database, subfamily 18 contains glycoside phosphorylases that act on α-sugars and glucosides. Because their phosphorolysis reactions are effectively reversible, these enzymes are of interest for the biocatalytic synthesis of various glycosidic compounds. Sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylases (SPPs) constitute one of the known substrate specificities. Here, we report the characterization of an SPP from Ilumatobacter coccineus with a far stricter specificity than the previously described promiscuous SPP from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. Crystal structures of both SPPs were determined to provide insight into their similarities and differences. The residues responsible for binding the fructose 6-phosphate group in subsite +1 were found to differ considerably between the two enzymes. Furthermore, several variants that introduce a higher degree of substrate promiscuity in the strict SPP from I. coccineus were designed. These results contribute to an expanded structural knowledge of enzymes in subfamily GH13_18 and facilitate their rational engineering.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kraus M, Görl J, Timm M, Seibel J. Synthesis of the rare disaccharide nigerose by structure-based design of a phosphorylase mutant with altered regioselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 52:4625-7. [PMID: 26878207 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of the natural acceptor inorganic phosphate wild-type sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP) produces maltose (4-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) and kojibiose (2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) as sole transfer products. A Q345F exchange switches the enzyme's regioselectivity from 2 to 3 exclusively, yielding the rare sugar nigerose (3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose, sakebiose).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kraus
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Görl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - M Timm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Seibel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wildberger P, Brecker L, Nidetzky B. Chiral resolution through stereoselective transglycosylation by sucrose phosphorylase: application to the synthesis of a new biomimetic compatible solute, (R)-2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl glyceric acid amide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:436-8. [PMID: 24253490 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase catalysed glycosylation of glyceric acid amide with complete regio- and diastereo-selectivity is studied. (R)-2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl glyceric acid amide was obtained in high yield from single-step transformation of racemic glyceric acid amide and sucrose. Non-productive binding of (S)-glyceric acid amide appeared to underlie strict enantiodiscrimination by the enzyme, thus supporting chiral resolutions based on stereoselective transglycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wildberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Touhara KK, Nihira T, Kitaoka M, Nakai H, Fushinobu S. Structural basis for reversible phosphorolysis and hydrolysis reactions of 2-O-α-glucosylglycerol phosphorylase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18067-75. [PMID: 24828502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2-O-α-Glucosylglycerol phosphorylase (GGP) from Bacillus selenitireducens catalyzes both the reversible phosphorolysis of 2-O-α-glucosylglycerol (GG) and the hydrolysis of β-d-glucose 1-phosphate (βGlc1P). GGP belongs to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 65 and can efficiently and specifically produce GG. However, its structural basis has remained unclear. In this study, the crystal structures of GGP complexed with glucose and the glucose analog isofagomine and glycerol were determined. Subsite -1 of GGP is similar to those of other GH65 enzymes, maltose phosphorylase and kojibiose phosphorylase, whereas subsite +1 is largely different and is well designed for GG recognition. An automated docking analysis was performed to complement these crystal structures, βGlc1P being docked at an appropriate position. To investigate the importance of residues at subsite +1 in the bifunctionality of GGP, we constructed mutants at these residues. Y327F and K587A did not show detectable activities for either reverse phosphorolysis or βGlc1P hydrolysis. Y572F also showed significantly reduced activities for both of these reactions. In contrast, W381F showed significantly reduced reverse phosphorolytic activity but retained βGlc1P hydrolysis. The mode of substrate recognition and the reaction mechanisms of GGP were proposed based on these analyses. Specifically, an extensive hydrogen bond network formed by Tyr-327, Tyr-572, Lys-587, and water molecules contributes to fixing the acceptor molecule in both reverse phosphorolysis (glycerol) and βGlc1P hydrolysis (water) for a glycosyl transfer reaction. This study will contribute to the development of a large scale production system of GG by facilitating the rational engineering of GGP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki K Touhara
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
| | - Takanori Nihira
- the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, and
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- the National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, and
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
2-O-α-D-glucosylglycerol phosphorylase from Bacillus selenitireducens MLS10 possessing hydrolytic activity on β-D-glucose 1-phosphate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86548. [PMID: 24466148 PMCID: PMC3899277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 65 is a family of inverting phosphorylases that act on α-glucosides. A GH65 protein (Bsel_2816) from Bacillus selenitireducens MLS10 exhibited inorganic phosphate (Pi)-dependent hydrolysis of kojibiose at the rate of 0.43 s−1. No carbohydrate acted as acceptor for the reverse phosphorolysis using β-d-glucose 1-phosphate (βGlc1P) as donor. During the search for a suitable acceptor, we found that Bsel_2816 possessed hydrolytic activity on βGlc1P with a kcat of 2.8 s−1; moreover, such significant hydrolytic activity on sugar 1-phosphate had not been reported for any inverting phosphorylase. The H218O incorporation experiment and the anomeric analysis during the hydrolysis of βGlc1P revealed that the hydrolysis was due to the glucosyl-transferring reaction to a water molecule and not a phosphatase-type reaction. Glycerol was found to be the best acceptor to generate 2-O-α-d-glucosylglycerol (GG) at the rate of 180 s−1. Bsel_2816 phosphorolyzed GG through sequential Bi-Bi mechanism with a kcat of 95 s−1. We propose 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosylglycerol: phosphate β-d-glucosyltransferase as the systematic name and 2-O-α-d-glucosylglycerol phosphorylase as the short name for Bsel_2816. This is the first report describing a phosphorylase that utilizes polyols, and not carbohydrates, as suitable acceptor substrates.
Collapse
|
9
|
Aerts D, Verhaeghe TF, Roman BI, Stevens CV, Desmet T, Soetaert W. Transglucosylation potential of six sucrose phosphorylases toward different classes of acceptors. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1860-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
10
|
Wiesbauer J, Bolivar JM, Mueller M, Schiller M, Nidetzky B. Oriented Immobilization of Enzymes Made Fit for Applied Biocatalysis: Non-Covalent Attachment to Anionic Supports usingZbasic2Module. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
11
|
Luley-Goedl C, Nidetzky B. Carbohydrate synthesis by disaccharide phosphorylases: reactions, catalytic mechanisms and application in the glycosciences. Biotechnol J 2011; 5:1324-38. [PMID: 21154671 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Disaccharide phosphorylases are glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.α) of specialized carbohydrate metabolism in microorganisms. They catalyze glycosyl transfer to phosphate using a disaccharide as donor substrate. Phosphorylases for the conversion of naturally abundant disaccharides including sucrose, maltose, α,α-trehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, and laminaribiose have been described. Structurally, these disaccharide phosphorylases are often closely related to glycoside hydrolases and transglycosidases. Mechanistically, they are categorized according the stereochemical course of the reaction catalyzed, whereby the anomeric configuration of the disaccharide donor substrate may be retained or inverted in the sugar 1-phosphate product. Glycosyl transfer with inversion is thought to occur through a single displacement-like catalytic mechanism, exemplified by the reaction coordinate of cellobiose/chitobiose phosphorylase. Reaction via configurational retention takes place through the double displacement-like mechanism employed by sucrose phosphorylase. Retaining α,α-trehalose phosphorylase (from fungi) utilizes a different catalytic strategy, perhaps best described by a direct displacement mechanism, to achieve stereochemical control in an overall retentive transformation. Disaccharide phosphorylases have recently attracted renewed interest as catalysts for synthesis of glycosides to be applied as food additives and cosmetic ingredients. Relevant examples are lacto-N-biose and glucosylglycerol whose enzymatic production was achieved on multikilogram scale. Protein engineering of phosphorylases is currently pursued in different laboratories with the aim of broadening the donor and acceptor substrate specificities of naturally existing enzyme forms, to eventually generate a toolbox of new catalysts for glycoside synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Luley-Goedl
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luley-Goedl C, Nidetzky B. Glycosides as compatible solutes: biosynthesis and applications. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:875-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Renirie R, Pukin A, van Lagen B, Franssen MC. Regio- and stereoselective glucosylation of diols by sucrose phosphorylase using sucrose or glucose 1-phosphate as glucosyl donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|