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Joyce GE, Kagan IA, Flythe MD, Davis BE, Schendel RR. Profiling of cool-season forage arabinoxylans via a validated HPAEC-PAD method. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116995. [PMID: 36993841 PMCID: PMC10040848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cool-season pasture grasses contain arabinoxylans (AX) as their major cell wall hemicellulosic polysaccharide. AX structural differences may influence enzymatic degradability, but this relationship has not been fully explored in the AX from the vegetative tissues of cool-season forages, primarily because only limited AX structural characterization has been performed in pasture grasses. Structural profiling of forage AX is a necessary foundation for future work assessing enzymatic degradability and may also be useful for assessing forage quality and suitability for ruminant feed. The main objective of this study was to optimize and validate a high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method for the simultaneous quantification of 10 endoxylanase-released xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) in cool-season forage cell wall material. The following analytical parameters were determined or optimized: chromatographic separation and retention time (RT), internal standard suitability, working concentration range (CR), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), relative response factor (RRF), and quadratic calibration curves. The developed method was used to profile the AX structure of four cool-season grasses commonly grown in pastures (timothy, Phleum pratense L.; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.; tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; and Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L.). In addition, the cell wall monosaccharide and ester-linked hydroxycinnamic acid contents were determined for each grass. The developed method revealed unique structural aspects of the AX structure of these forage grass samples that complemented the results of the cell wall monosaccharide analysis. For example, xylotriose, representing an unsubstituted portion of the AX polysaccharide backbone, was the most abundantly-released oligosaccharide in all the species. Perennial rye samples tended to have greater amounts of released oligosaccharides compared to the other species. This method is ideally suited to monitor structural changes of AX in forages as a result of plant breeding, pasture management, and fermentation of plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenna E. Joyce
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Isabelle A. Kagan
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michael D. Flythe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brittany E. Davis
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rachel R. Schendel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Cao L, Tian H, Wu M, Zhang H, Zhou P, Huang Q. Determination of Curdlan Oligosaccharides with High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:3980814. [PMID: 31049244 PMCID: PMC6462318 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3980814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest of curdlan oligosaccharides (COS) in medicine and plant protection fields implies a necessity to identify and quantify this product. In the present study, an efficient and sensitive analytical method based on high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of D-glucose and ß-1,3-linked COS ranging from (COS)2 to (COS)6 within 20 min. Detection limits were 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L. The optimized assay was performed on a CarboPac-PA100 analytical column (4 mm × 250 mm) using isocratic elution with water-0.2 M sodium hydroxide-0.5 M sodium acetate mixture (50 : 30 : 20, v/v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Regression equations indicated a good linear relationship (R 2 = 0.9992-1.0000, n = 6) within the test ranges. Quality parameters including precision and accuracy were fully validated and found to be satisfactory. More important, the regression of natural logarithm values of retention times (log10 RT) versus the degree polymerization (DP), as well as the slope coefficient of each COS's linear equation versus the corresponding DP, fitted a linear relationship well. These inherent linear relationships could provide valuable information to tentatively identify and quantify the COS even with the DP more than 6 without authentic standard. Furthermore, when the log10 RT was plotted against log10 flow rate for each COS, a perfect linear relationship was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huifang Tian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, No. 22 Maizidian Street, Beijing 110000, China
| | - Puguo Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, No. 22 Maizidian Street, Beijing 110000, China
| | - Qiliang Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Pereira AB, Krieger N, Mitchell DA. Fingerprinting of oligosaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes that catalyze branched reaction schemes. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rothenhöfer M, Grundmann M, Bernhardt G, Matysik FM, Buschauer A. High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) for the sensitive determination of hyaluronan oligosaccharides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 988:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rieder A, Knutsen SH, Ulset AST, Christensen BE, Andersson R, Mikkelson A, Tuomainen P, Maina N, Ballance S. Inter-laboratory evaluation of SEC-post-column calcofluor for determination of the weight-average molar mass of cereal β-glucan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 124:254-64. [PMID: 25839819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Even though size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with post column addition of calcofluor (SEC-calcofluor) has been used for the determination of cereal β-glucan molar mass in foods for many years, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the method. To address this issue a set of suitable β-glucan standards were generated by preparative SEC and their molar mass characteristics were determined by analytical multi-detection SEC (refractive index (RI), light scattering). Each standard was then analysed by SEC-calcofluor at three different labs. As a direct comparison, the analyses were repeated with a RI detector. For SEC-calcofluor accurate measurements of weight average molar mass (Mw) can be made for β-glucan populations within 10-500×10(3)g/mol. Above this molar mass threshold there is an increasing tendency for underestimation of Mw. Precipitation of some β-glucan-calcofluor complexes may have delayed their transport into the detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rieder
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Svein Halvor Knutsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Ann-Sissel T Ulset
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn E Christensen
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Atte Mikkelson
- VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
| | - Päivi Tuomainen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, A3039 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ndegwa Maina
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, A3039 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
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Rieder A, Grimmer S, L. Aachmann F, Westereng B, Kolset SO, Knutsen SH. Generic tools to assess genuine carbohydrate specific effects on in vitro immune modulation exemplified by β-glucans. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:2075-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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