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Perdicchia D. Borane-Trimethylamine Complex: A Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:2017. [PMID: 38731507 PMCID: PMC11085582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Borane-trimethylamine complex (Me3N·BH3; BTM) is the most stable of the amine-borane complexes that are commercially available, and it is cost-effective. It is a valuable reagent in organic chemistry with applications in the reduction of carbonyl groups and carbon-nitrogen double bond reduction, with considerable examples in the reduction of oximes, hydrazones and azines. The transfer hydrogenation of aromatic N-heterocycles and the selective N-monomethylation of primary anilines are further examples of recent applications, whereas the reduction of nitrobenzenes to anilines and the reductive deprotection of N-tritylamines are useful tools in the organic synthesis. Moreover, BTM is the main reagent in the regioselective cleavage of cyclic acetals, a reaction of great importance for carbohydrate chemistry. Recent innovative applications of BTM, such as CO2 utilization as feedstock and radical chemistry by photocatalysis, have extended their usefulness in new reactions. The present review is focused on the applications of borane-trimethylamine complex as a reagent in organic synthesis and has not been covered in previous reviews regarding amine-borane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Perdicchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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2
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Si A, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis of Aminooxy Glycoside Derivatives of the Outer Core Domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:750502. [PMID: 34820424 PMCID: PMC8606414 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.750502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly prevalent gram-negative bacterium that is becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing antibiotic resistance. As chemotherapeutic treatment options diminish, there is an increased need for vaccines. However, the creation of an effective P. aeruginosa vaccine has been elusive despite intensive efforts. Thus, new paradigms for vaccine antigens should be explored to develop effective vaccines. In these studies, we have focused on the synthesis of two L-rhamnose-bearing epitopes common to glycoforms I and II of the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide, α-L-Rha-(1→6)-α-D-Glc-(1→4)-α-D-GalN-(Ala)-α-aminooxy (3) and α-L-Rha-(1→3)-β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-GalN-(Ala)-α-aminooxy (4), respectively. The target trisaccharides were both prepared starting from a suitably protected galactosamine glycoside, followed by successive deprotection and glycosylation with suitably protected D-glucose and L-rhamnose thioglycosides. Global deprotection resulted in the formation of targets 3 and 4 in 22 and 35% yield each. Care was required to modify basic reaction conditions to avoid early deprotection of the N-oxysuccinamido group. In summary, trisaccharides related to the L-rhamnose-bearing epitopes common to glycoforms I and II of the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide have been prepared as their aminooxy glycosides. The latter are expected to be useful in chemoselective oxime-based bioconjugation reactions to form Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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3
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Basu N, Ghosh R. Recent chemical syntheses of bacteria related oligosaccharides using modern expeditious approaches. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108295. [PMID: 34271477 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from some essential and crucial roles in life processes carbohydrates also are involved in a few detrimental courses of action related to human health, like infections by pathogenic microbes, cancer metastasis, transplanted tissue rejection, etc. Regarding management of pathogenesis by microbes, keeping in mind of multi drug-resistant bacteria and epidemic or endemic incidents, preventive measure by vaccination is the best pathway as also recommended by the WHO; by vaccination, eradication of bacterial diseases is also possible. Although some valid vaccines based on attenuated bacterial cells or isolated pure polysaccharide-antigens or the corresponding conjugates thereof are available in the market for prevention of several bacterial diseases, but these are not devoid of some disadvantages also. In order to develop improved conjugate T-cell dependent vaccines oligosaccharides related to bacterial antigens are synthesized and converted to the corresponding carrier protein conjugates. Marketed Cuban Quimi-Hib is such a vaccine being used since 2004 to resist Haemophilus influenza b infections. During nearly the past two decades research is going on worldwide for improved synthesis of bacteria related oligosaccharides or polysaccharides towards development of such semisynthetic or synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. The present dissertation is an endeavour to encompass the recent syntheses of several pathogenic bacterial oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, made during the past ten-eleven years with special reference to modern expeditious syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Nabagram Hiralal Paul College, Konnagar, Hoogly, West Bengal, 712246, India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
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4
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Tokatly AI, Vinnitskiy DZ, Ustuzhanina NE, Nifantiev NE. Protecting Groups as a Factor of Stereocontrol in Glycosylation Reactions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhou S, Wang X, Zhang H, Guo Z, Gao J. A new method for α-specific glucosylation and its application to the one-pot synthesis of a branched α-glucan. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new and highly efficient α-specific glucosylation method based on the synergistic α-directing effects of a TolSCl/AgOTf promoter system and the steric β-shielding or the remote participation of protecting groups at the donor 6-O-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Han Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology
- Shandong University
- Qingdao
- China
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6
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Vartak A, Hefny FM, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Components of the Outer Core Domain of P. aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide Using a Multifunctional Hydroquinone-Derived Reducing-End Capping Group. Org Lett 2018; 20:353-356. [PMID: 29285926 PMCID: PMC6169316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a trisaccharide (common to glycoform I and II) and a tetrasaccharide (common to glycoform I) from the outer core domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a novel hydroquinone-based reducing-end capping group is reported. This multifunctional capping group was utilized as purification handle and was stable toward many common transformations in oligosaccharide synthesis. The access to outer-core LPS antigens with a TBDPS-protected hydroquinone (TPH) at the reducing end will be useful for glycan array and therapeutic glycoconjugate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Fatma M. Hefny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Komarova BS, Dorokhova VS, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis of a biotinylated penta-α-(1→6)-d-glucoside based on the rational design of an α-stereoselective glucosyl donor. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a protecting group pattern in a glucosyl donor allows for the α-selective synthesis of biotinylated pentasaccharides corresponding to the fragment of the α-(1→6)-glucans of Helicobacter pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S. Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Vera S. Dorokhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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8
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Komarova BS, Gerbst AG, Finogenova AM, Dmitrenok AS, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. 1,3-syn-Diaxial Repulsion of Typical Protecting Groups Used in Carbohydrate Chemistry in 3-O-Substituted Derivatives of Isopropyl d-Idopyranosides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8897-8908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S. Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate
Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G. Gerbst
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate
Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia M. Finogenova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate
Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Dmitrenok
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate
Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate
Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate
Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Komarova BS, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Design of α-Selective Glycopyranosyl Donors Relying on Remote Anchimeric Assistance. CHEM REC 2016; 16:488-506. [PMID: 26785933 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides have a variety of versatile biological effects, but unlike peptides and oligonucleotides, investigation of the roles of oligosaccharides is not easy. Since biosynthesis of oligosaccharides does not comply with direct genetic control, their isolation from natural sources and biotechnological preparation are complicated, due to the heterogeneous composition of raw carbohydrates. Oligosaccharide synthesis is needed for the establishment or confirmation of the structure of natural glycocompounds. Also, synthetically prepared, defined oligosaccharides and their derivatives are becoming increasingly important tools for many biological and immunological research projects. The key step of oligosaccharide synthesis involves glycosylation, a reaction that builds glycosidic bonds. Usually, construction of 1,2-trans-bonds is easy, and therefore, this reaction can even be included into automated syntheses. At this time, installation of the 1,2-cis-bond remains simultaneously frustrating and compelling. In our and other laboratories, a strategy of α-selective (1,2-cis) glycosylation, relying on remote anchimeric assistance with acyl groups, is studied. The state of the art in this work is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Komarova BS, Orekhova MV, Tsvetkov YE, Beau R, Aimanianda V, Latgé JP, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis of a pentasaccharide and neoglycoconjugates related to fungal α-(1→3)-glucan and their use in the generation of antibodies to trace Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall. Chemistry 2014; 21:1029-35. [PMID: 25376936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3-Aminopropyl α-(1→3)-pentaglucoside, a fragment of α-(1→3)-glucan of the cell wall of Aspergillus fumigatus, has been synthesized in a blockwise approach. The application of mono- and disaccharide N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates bearing a stereodirecting 6-O-benzoyl group was essential for stereoselective α-glucosylations. In the products, p-methoxyphenyl and levulinoyl groups served as orthogonal protecting groups for the anomeric position and 3-OH group, respectively. Their removal from shared blocks led to donors and acceptors that were used for the synthesis of pentasaccharides. Coupling of free α-(1→3)-pentaglucoside with biotin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) gave glycoconjugate tools for mycological studies. Immunization of mice with the BSA conjugate induced the generation of antibodies that recognize α-(1→3)-glucan on A. fumigatus cell wall and distinguish its morphotypes. This discovery represents a first step to the development of a diagnostic test system and a vaccine to detect and fight this life-threatening pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow (Russia)
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11
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Komarova BS, Orekhova MV, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Is an acyl group at O-3 in glucosyl donors able to control α-stereoselectivity of glycosylation? The role of conformational mobility and the protecting group at O-6. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:70-86. [PMID: 24368161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereodirecting effect of a 3-O-acetyl protecting group, which is potentially capable of the remote anchimeric participation, and other protecting groups in 2-O-benzyl glucosyl donors with flexible and rigid conformations has been investigated. To this aim, an array of N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl and sulfoxide donors bearing either 3-O-acetyl or 3-O-benzyl groups in combination with 4,6-di-O-benzyl, 6-O-acyl-4-O-benzyl, or 4,6-O-benzylidene protecting groups was prepared. The conformationally flexible 3-O-acetylated glucosyl donor protected at other positions with O-benzyl groups demonstrated very low or no α-stereoselectivity upon glycosylation of primary or secondary acceptors. On the contrary, 3,6-di-O-acylated glucosyl donors proved to be highly α-stereoselective as well as the donor having a single potentially participating acetyl group at O-6. The 3,6-di-O-acylated donor was shown to be the best α-glucosylating block for the primary acceptor, whereas the best α-selectivity of glycosylation of the secondary acceptor was achieved with the 6-O-acylated donor. Glycosylation of the secondary acceptor with the conformationally constrained 3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-protected donor displayed under standard conditions (-35°C) even lower α-selectivity as compared to the 3-O-benzyl analogue. However, increasing the reaction temperature essentially raised the α-stereoselectivities of glycosylation with both 3-O-acetyl and 3-O-benzyl donors and made them almost equal. The stereodirecting effects of protecting groups observed for N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl donors were also generally proven for sulfoxide donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V Orekhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Jacobson JM, Kitov PI, Bundle DR. The synthesis of a multivalent heterobifunctional ligand for specific interaction with Shiga toxin 2 produced by E. coli O157:H7. Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:4-14. [PMID: 23768952 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of food poisoning caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, especially those strains that produce the Stx2 Shiga toxin. Multivalent inhibitors based on the P(k) trisaccharide are most effective against Stx1 the less dangerous of the two Shiga toxins. Inhibitors containing a terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranosyl residue in place of the terminal α-d-galactopyranosyl residue of P(k) trisaccharide have been shown to exhibit preferential binding to Stx2. A multivalent heterobifunctional P(k) analog containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranose has been synthesized in a format that facilitates the ablation of toxin activity via supramolecular complex formation between Stx and the endogenous protein, Human serum amyloid P component (HuSAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Jacobson
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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