Moeker J, Mahon BP, Bornaghi LF, Vullo D, Supuran CT, McKenna R, Poulsen SA. Structural insights into carbonic anhydrase IX isoform specificity of carbohydrate-based sulfamates.
J Med Chem 2014;
57:8635-45. [PMID:
25254302 PMCID:
PMC4207533 DOI:
10.1021/jm5012935]
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Abstract
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Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is
an extracellular transmembrane
homodimeric zinc metalloenzyme that has been validated as a prognostic
marker and therapeutic target for several types of aggressive cancers.
CA IX shares a close homology with other CA isoforms, making the design
of CA IX isoform selective inhibitors challenging. In this paper,
we describe the development of a new class of CA IX inhibitors that
comprise a sulfamate as the zinc binding group, a variable linker,
and a carbohydrate “tail” moiety. Seven compounds inhibited
CA IX with low nM Ki values of 1–2
nM and also exhibited permeability profiles to preferentially target
the binding of extracellular CA IX over cytosolic CAs. The crystal
structures of two of these compounds in complex with a CA IX-mimic
(a variant of CA II, with active site residues that mimic CA IX) and
one compound in complex with CA II have been determined to 1.7 Å
resolution or better and demonstrate a selective mechanism of binding
between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic pockets of CA IX versus CA
II. These compounds present promising candidates for anti-CA IX drugs
and the treatment for several aggressive cancer types.
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