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Mechri S, Jabeur F, Bessadok B, Moumnassi S, Idrissi Yahyaoui M, Mannani N, Asehraou A, Mensi F, Vita S, D'Amore P, Di Bella C, Lo Monaco D, Abousalham A, Sadok S, Le Roes-Hill M, Jaouadi B. Production of a new chitinase from Nocardiopsis halophila TN-X8 utilizing bio-waste from the blue swimming crab: enzyme characterization and immobilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34088-x. [PMID: 38958861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In accordance with the framework of the Circular Blue Bioeconomy in the Mediterranean region, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biotransformation of blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) residues obtained from the port of Sfax by an extracellular chitinase produced by Nocardiopsis halophila strain TN-X8 isolated from Chott El Jerid (Tozeur, Tunisia). From the analysis of multiple extremophilic Actinomycetota, it was determined that strain TN-X8 exclusively utilized 60 g/L of raw blue swimming crab as its carbon and energy source, achieving a chitinase activity of approximately 950 U/mL following a 6-day incubation period at 40 °C. Pure chitinase, designated as ChiA-Nh30, was obtained after heat treatment, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephacryl® S-200 column chromatography. The maximum ChiA-Nh30 activity was observed at pH 3 and 75 °C. Interestingly, compared with cyclohexamidine, ChiA-Nh30 showed a good antifungal effect against four pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, when using colloidal chitin as substrate, ChiA-Nh30 demonstrated a higher degree of catalytic efficiency than the commercially available Chitodextrinase®. In addition, ChiA-Nh30 could be immobilized by applying encapsulation and encapsulation-adsorption techniques. The kaolin and charcoal used acted as excellent binders, resulting in improved ChiA-Nh30 stability. For the immobilized ChiA-Nh30, the yield of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monomers released from 20% (w/v) blue swimming crab residues increased by 3.1 (kaolin) and 2.65 (charcoal) times, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax (USF), Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax (USF), Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Bessadok
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Sara Moumnassi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBEH), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (FSO), Mohammed Premier University (UMP), BV Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Meryem Idrissi Yahyaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBEH), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (FSO), Mohammed Premier University (UMP), BV Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nysrine Mannani
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnologies and Environment (BIOMARE), Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida (FS El Jadida), Chouaib Doukkali University (UCD), Road of Ben Maachou, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBEH), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (FSO), Mohammed Premier University (UMP), BV Mohamed VI, P.O. Box 717, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fethi Mensi
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Stefano Vita
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Amore
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Di Bella
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Lo Monaco
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia (IZSSi), Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Saloua Sadok
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules (LMEBB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax (USF), Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Govindaraj V, Kim SK, Raval R, Raval K. Marine Bacillus haynesii chitinase: Purification, characterization and antifungal potential for sustainable chitin bioconversion. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109170. [PMID: 38830279 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of chitinase tailored for the bioconversion of chitin to chitin oligosaccharides has attracted significant attention due to its potential to alleviate environmental pollution associated with chemical conversion processes. In this present investigation, we purified extracellular chitinase derived from marine Bacillus haynesii to homogeneity and subsequently characterized it. The molecular weight of BhChi was approximately 35 kDa. BhChi displayed its peak catalytic activity at pH 6.0, with an optimal temperature of 37 °C. It exhibited stability across a pH range of 6.0-9.0. In addition, BhChi showed activation in the presence of Mn2+ with the improved activity of 105 U mL-1. Ca2+ and Fe2+ metal ions did not have any significant impact on enzyme activity. Under the optimized enzymatic conditions, there was a notable enhancement in catalytic activity on colloidal chitin with Km of 0.01 mg mL-1 and Vmax of 5.75 mmol min-1. Kcat and catalytic efficiency were measured at 1.91 s-1 and 191 mL mg-1 s-1, respectively. The product profiling of BhChi using thin layer chromatography and Mass spectrometric techniques hinted an exochitinase mode of action with chitobiose and N-Acetyl glucosamine as the products. This study represents the first report on an exochitinase from Bacillus haynesii. Furthermore, the chitinase showcased promising antifungal properties against key pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum, reinforcing its potential as a potent biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnupriya Govindaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, College of Science & Technology, Hanyang, University Erica Campus, Ansan, 11558, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, Karnataka, India.
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Guo HZ, Wang D, Yang HT, Wu YL, Li YC, Xia GH, Zhang XY. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a pH-Stable Chitinase from Micromonospora aurantiaca with a Potential Application in Chitin Degradation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:287. [PMID: 38921598 PMCID: PMC11204758 DOI: 10.3390/md22060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To promote the bioconversion of marine chitin waste into value-added products, we expressed a novel pH-stable Micromonospora aurantiaca-derived chitinase, MaChi1, in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified, characterized, and evaluated it for its chitin-converting capacity. Our results indicated that MaChi1 is of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 18 with a molecular weight of approximately 57 kDa, consisting of a GH18 catalytic domain and a cellulose-binding domain. We recorded its optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 55 °C. It exhibited excellent stability in a wide pH range of 3.0-10.0. Mg2+ (5 mM), and dithiothreitol (10 mM) significantly promoted MaChi1 activity. MaChi1 exhibited broad substrate specificity and hydrolyzed chitin, chitosan, cellulose, soluble starch, and N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides with polymerization degrees ranging from three to six. Moreover, MaChi1 exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern, and it could efficiently convert colloidal chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and (GlcNAc)2 with yields of 227.2 and 505.9 mg/g chitin, respectively. Its high chitin-degrading capacity and exceptional pH tolerance makes it a promising tool with potential applications in chitin waste treatment and bioactive oligosaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhong Guo
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Dou Wang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Yu-Le Wu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Yong-Cheng Li
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Guang-Hua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Kumari R, Kumar M, Dadheech PK, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Response surface optimization, purification, characterization and short-chain chitooligosaccharides production from an acidic, thermostable chitinase from Thermomyces dupontii. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131362. [PMID: 38583843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Chitin, recovered in huge amounts from coastal waste, may biocatalytically valorized for utilization in food and biotech sectors. Conventional chemical-based conversion makes use of significant volumes of hazardous acid and alkali. Alternatively, enzymes offer better process control and generation of homogeneous products. Process variables were derived to achieve augmented levels of chitinase (3.8809 Ul-1 h-1) productivity from a novel thermophilic fungal strain Thermomyces dupontii, ITCC 9104 following incubation (96 h, 45 °C). An acidic thermostable chitinase TdChiT having molecular mass of 60 kDa has been purified. Optimal TdChiT activity has been demonstrated at 70 °C and pH 5. Notably decreased activity over a broad range of temperature and pH was observed following deglycosylation. Half-life, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy for denaturation of TdChiT at its optimum temperature were 197.40 min, 105.48 kJ mol-1, 100.59 kJ mol-1, 102.64 kJ mol-1 and 5.95 J mol-1 K-1. TdChiT has specificity towards colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)2-4. Metal ions viz. Mn2+, Ca2+ and Co2+ and nonionic surfactants notably enhanced chitinase activity. Thin layer chromatography analysis has revealed effective hydrolysis of colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)2-4. TdChiT may potentially be employed for design of better, eco-friendly and less resource-intensive industrial procedures for upcycling of crustacean waste into value-added organonitrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pawan K Dadheech
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India.
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Zhao Q, Fan L, Deng C, Ma C, Zhang C, Zhao L. Bioconversion of chitin into chitin oligosaccharides using a novel chitinase with high chitin-binding capacity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125241. [PMID: 37301336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second largest renewable biomass resource in nature, it can be enzymatically degraded into high-value chitin oligosaccharides (CHOSs) by chitinases. In this study, a chitinase (ChiC8-1) was purified and biochemically characterized, its structure was analyzed by molecular modeling. ChiC8-1 had a molecular mass of approximately 96 kDa, exhibited its optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. The Km and Vmax values of ChiC8-1 towards colloidal chitin were 10.17 mg mL-1 and 13.32 U/mg, respectively. Notably, ChiC8-1 showed high chitin-binding capacity, which may be related to the two chitin binding domains in the N-terminal. Based on the unique properties of ChiC8-1, a modified affinity chromatography method, which combines protein purification with chitin hydrolysis process, was developed to purify ChiC8-1 while hydrolyzing chitin. In this way, 9.36 ± 0.18 g CHOSs powder was directly obtained by hydrolyzing 10 g colloidal chitin with crude enzyme solution. The CHOSs were composed of 14.77-2.83 % GlcNAc and 85.23-97.17 % (GlcNAc)2 at different enzyme-substrate ratio. This process simplifies the tedious purification and separation steps, and may enable its potential application in the field of green production of chitin oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Thakur D, Chauhan A, Jhilta P, Kaushal R, Dipta B. Microbial chitinases and their relevance in various industries. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:29-53. [PMID: 35972681 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose, is composed of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. It is widely distributed in nature, especially as a structural polysaccharide in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and nematodes. However, the principal commercial source of chitin is the shells of marine or freshwater invertebrates. Microbial chitinases are largely responsible for chitin breakdown in nature, and they play an important role in the ecosystem's carbon and nitrogen balance. Several microbial chitinases have been characterized and are gaining prominence for their applications in various sectors. The current review focuses on chitinases of microbial origin, their diversity, and their characteristics. The applications of chitinases in several industries such as agriculture, food, the environment, and pharmaceutical sectors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Thakur
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prakriti Jhilta
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kaushal
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Dipta
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Characterization of chitinase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum and its bioconversion of crayfish shell into chitin oligosaccharides. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Guan F, Xu G, Liu X, Zhang Y, Sun J, Yao B, Huang H, Wu N, Tian J. A novel thermophilic chitinase directly mined from the marine metagenome using the deep learning tool Preoptem. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:54. [PMID: 38647756 PMCID: PMC10991277 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is abundant in nature and its degradation products are highly valuable for numerous applications. Thermophilic chitinases are increasingly appreciated for their capacity to biodegrade chitin at high temperatures and prolonged enzyme stability. Here, using deep learning approaches, we developed a prediction tool, Preoptem, to screen thermophilic proteins. A novel thermophilic chitinase, Chi304, was mined directly from the marine metagenome. Chi304 showed maximum activity at 85 ℃, its Tm reached 89.65 ± 0.22℃, and exhibited excellent thermal stability at 80 and 90 °C. Chi304 had both endo- and exo-chitinase activities, and the (GlcNAc)2 was the main hydrolysis product of chitin-related substrates. The product yields of colloidal chitin degradation reached 97% within 80 min, and 20% over 4 days of reaction with crude chitin powder. This study thus provides a method to mine the novel thermophilic chitinase for efficient chitin biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Feifei Guan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoshun Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jilu Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ningfeng Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Hao ZK, Li JS, Wang DH, He F, Xue JS, Yin LH, Zheng HB. Efficient production of GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system with a Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 mutant. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:623-633. [PMID: 35384608 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shellfish waste is a primary source for making N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Thus, establishing a high-efficiency and low-cost bioconversion method to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine directly from shellfish waste was promising. RESULTS A mutant C81 was obtained from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 via 60Co-γ irradiation. This mutant C81 showed the highest chitinase activity of 9.8 U/mL that was 85% higher than the parent strain. The mutant C81 exhibted improved antioxidant activities, including total antioxidant capacity, superoxide radical ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, compared to that of the parent strain. Four out of nine organic solvents increased the chitinase activity by 1.9%, 6.8%, 11.7%, and 15.8%, corresponding to methylbenzene, n-heptane, petroleum ether, and n-hexane, respectively. The biphase system composed of aqueous and hexane presented a five-fold reduction of cell viability compared to the control. Using a continuous fermentation bioconversion process, 4.2 g/L GlcNAc was produced from crayfish shell powder with a yield of 80% of the chitin content. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the mutant C81 is suitable for converting crayfish shell powder into GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kui Hao
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jian-Song Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Dan-Hua Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Liang-Hong Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hua-Bao Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Poria V, Rana A, Kumari A, Grewal J, Pranaw K, Singh S. Current Perspectives on Chitinolytic Enzymes and Their Agro-Industrial Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1319. [PMID: 34943233 PMCID: PMC8698876 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are a large and diversified category of enzymes that break down chitin, the world's second most prevalent polymer after cellulose. GH18 is the most studied family of chitinases, even though chitinolytic enzymes come from a variety of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families. Most of the distinct GH families, as well as the unique structural and catalytic features of various chitinolytic enzymes, have been thoroughly explored to demonstrate their use in the development of tailor-made chitinases by protein engineering. Although chitin-degrading enzymes may be found in plants and other organisms, such as arthropods, mollusks, protozoans, and nematodes, microbial chitinases are a promising and sustainable option for industrial production. Despite this, the inducible nature, low titer, high production expenses, and susceptibility to severe environments are barriers to upscaling microbial chitinase production. The goal of this study is to address all of the elements that influence microbial fermentation for chitinase production, as well as the purifying procedures for attaining high-quality yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - Arti Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Jasneet Grewal
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
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11
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Si J, Wu Y, Ma HF, Cao YJ, Sun YF, Cui BK. Selection of a pH- and temperature-stable laccase from Ganoderma australe and its application for bioremediation of textile dyes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113619. [PMID: 34467865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of screening, purification, and properties characterization, this study captures a new pH- and temperature-stable laccase, designated Galacc-F, from Ganoderma australe for dye bioremediating applications. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, ionic exchange, and size exclusion chromatography with a final specific activity of 22.214 U mg-1, yielding a purification fold of 23.989 and recovery of 38.44%. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 48.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, zymography, Sephadex G-100 column, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which confirmed its monomeric nature. Galacc-F exhibited high levels of activity and stability over wide ranges of pH (5.0-8.0) and temperature (10-60 °C), which are highly valuable properties in industrial processes. Broad substrate specificity was observed, wherein a better affinity was found for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with a low value of Km (164.137 μM) and higher kcat/Km ratio (1.663 s-1 μM-1). Activity was stimulated by Cu2+ and β-mercaptoethanol but inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate, iodoacetic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and Hg2+, indicating that Galacc-F is a metalloprotease containing a typical histidine-cysteine-serine catalytic triad. It had high tolerance to surfactants, oxidants, and salts. Additionally, a fabricated protocol for native Galacc-F immobilization onto Fe3O4@Chitosan composite nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker was developed. Most importantly, the enzyme was determined to be ideal for use in efficient treatment of dye effluents as compared with the laccases requiring redox mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong-Jia Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Fei Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Bacterial chitinase biochemical properties, immobilization on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle and its effect on Sitophilus zeamais as a potential insecticide. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:173. [PMID: 34519907 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been planned to minimize the yield and quality impairment of the seed corn, which is strategically important in the world, by pests under storage conditions with a biological product produced with a biotechnological approach. In this context, the present study aimed to control the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, known as a warehouse pest, using a nanoformulation. In the study, the chitinase enzyme from Lactobacillus coryniformis was purified first using ammonium sulfate precipitation and then by using the HiTrap Capto DEAE column, and the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined to be ~ 33 kDa, and the optimum pH and the values as pH 6.0 and 65-75 °C, respectively. Five different doses of nanoformulation (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/L) were applied to corn grains by the spraying method with three repetitions so that the insect can ingest the formulation through feeding. The effects of the applications on the death rate and mean time of death of Sitophilus zeamais were determined. According to these findings, it was concluded that the best practice was nanoformulation with 6 mg/L, considering both the mortality rate (100%) and the average death time (2.4 days). Chitinase from L. coryniformis is a promising candidate for corn lice control and management.
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13
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Wang SL. Production of Thermophilic Chitinase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 by Bioprocessing of Chitinous Fishery Wastes and Its Application in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Production. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3048. [PMID: 34577952 PMCID: PMC8471714 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioprocessing of chitinous fishery wastes (CFWs) to chitinases through fermentation approaches has gained importance owing to its great benefits in reducing the enzyme production cost, and utilizing chitin waste. In this work, our study of the chitinase production of Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 in the presence of different kinds of CFWs revealed a preference for demineralized crab shells powder (deCSP); furthermore, a 72 kDa chitinase was isolated from the 0.5% deCSP-containing medium. The Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase displayed maximum activity at 70 °C and pH 4-5, while Zn2+, Fe3+, Triton X-100, Tween 40, and SDS exerted a negative effect on its activity, whereas Mn2+ and 2-mercaptoethanol were found to potentially enhance the activity. Among various kinds of polysaccharide, Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase exhibited the best catalytic activity on colloidal chitin (CC) with Km = 9.75 mg/mL and Vmax = 2.43 μmol/min. The assessment of the hydrolysis of CC and N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides revealed that Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase possesses multiple catalytic functions, including exochitinase, endochitinase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities. Finally, the combination of Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 chitinase and Streptomyces speibonae TKU048 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase could efficiently convert CC to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) with a production yield of 94.35-98.60% in 12-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences, College of Science, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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14
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Dai Y, Yang F, Liu X, Wang H. The discovery and characterization of a novel chitinase with dual catalytic domains from a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland soil metagenome. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:482-490. [PMID: 34331981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitinase (P1724) was discovered from a Qinghai-Tibetan plateau microbial metagenome. P1724 contains two GH18 family catalytic domains and is phylogenetically distant from any of the chitinases studied. P1724 and its truncated versions, P1724(∆cGH18) and P1724(∆nGH18), were produced in Escherichia coli and characterized. Using colloidal chitin as substrate, the three recombinant proteins showed maximum hydrolytic activities at 40 °C, pH 5.0-6.0 and 0-0.5 M NaCl, and were cold adaptive, as they remained active at 4 °C; their chitinase activities were decreased with the presence of Cu2+ and EDTA, but increased with Ba2+ and Ca2+; they all showed both chitobiosidase and endochitinase activities. Compared to P1724(∆nGH18), P1724 and P1724(∆cGH18) shared more similarities in temperature and pH stabilities, NaCl tolerance, and substrate affinity, suggesting the N-terminal GH18 domain contributed more than the C-terminal GH18 did in biochemical characteristics of P1724. kcat/Km value of P1724 was significantly higher than the sum values of P1724(∆cGH18) and P1724(∆nGH18), which indicated that two GH18 domains of P1724 worked cooperatively in degrading chitin. This study has not only broadened the understanding of unknown chitinases in nature but also discussed the strategy of adding additional catalytic domains in enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, PR China
| | - Hongling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, PR China
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Xie XH, Fu X, Yan XY, Peng WF, Kang LX. A Broad-Specificity Chitinase from Penicillium oxalicum k10 Exhibits Antifungal Activity and Biodegradation Properties of Chitin. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070356. [PMID: 34201595 PMCID: PMC8307900 DOI: 10.3390/md19070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum k10 isolated from soil revealed the hydrolyzing ability of shrimp chitin and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The k10 chitinase was produced from a powder chitin-containing medium and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. The purified chitinase showed maximal activity toward colloidal chitin at pH 5 and 40 °C. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by potassium and zinc, and it was inhibited by silver, iron, and copper. The chitinase could convert colloidal chitin to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), (GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)3, showing that this enzyme had endocleavage and exocleavage activities. In addition, the chitinase prevented the mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi S. sclerotiorum and Mucor circinelloides. These results indicate that k10 is a potential candidate for producing chitinase that could be useful for generating chitooligosaccharides from chitinous waste and functions as a fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li-Xin Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-88661237-8024
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16
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Si J, Ma H, Cao Y, Cui B, Dai Y. Introducing a Thermo-Alkali-Stable, Metallic Ion-Tolerant Laccase Purified From White Rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670163. [PMID: 34093489 PMCID: PMC8176223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a valuable laccase, designated ThLacc-S, purified from white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta. ThLacc-S is a monomeric protein in nature with a molecular weight of 57.0 kDa and can efficiently metabolize endocrine disrupting chemicals. The enzyme was successfully purified to homogeneity via three consecutive steps consisting of salt precipitation and column chromatography, resulting in a 20.76-fold increase in purity and 46.79% yield, with specific activity of 22.111 U/mg protein. ThLacc-S was deciphered as a novel member of the laccase family and is a rare metalloenzyme that contains cysteine, serine, histidine, and tyrosine residues in its catalytic site, and follows Michaelis-Menten kinetic behavior with a K m and a k cat /K m of 87.466 μM and 1.479 s-1μM-1, respectively. ThLacc-S exerted excellent thermo-alkali stability, since it was markedly active after a 2-h incubation at temperatures ranging from 20 to 70°C and retained more than 50% of its activity after incubation for 72 h in a broad pH range of 5.0-10.0. Enzymatic activities of ThLacc-S were enhanced and preserved when exposed to metallic ions, surfactants, and organic solvents, rendering this novel enzyme of interest as a green catalyst for versatile biotechnological and industrial applications that require these singularities of laccases, particularly biodegradation and bioremediation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjia Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baokai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhang W, Ma J, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel acidic chitinase with antifungal activity from Paenibacillus xylanexedens Z2-4. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1528-1536. [PMID: 34022308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A chitinase gene (PxChi52) from Paenibacillus xylanexedens Z2-4 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). PxChi52 shared the highest identity of 91% with a glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase (ChiD) from Bacillus circulans. The recombinant enzyme (PxChi52) was purified and biochemically characterized. PxChi52 had a molecular mass of 52.8 kDa. It was most active at pH 4.5 and 65 °C, respectively, and stable in a wide pH range of 4.0-13.0 and up to 50 °C. The enzyme exhibited the highest specific activity of 16.0 U/mg towards colloidal chitin, followed by ethylene glycol chitin (5.4 U/mg) and ball milled chitin (0.4 U/mg). The Km and Vmax values of PxChi52 towards colloidal chitin were determined to be 3.06 mg/mL and 71.38 U/mg, respectively, PxChi52 hydrolyzed colloidal chitin and chitooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 2-5 to release mainly N-acetyl chitobiose. In addition, PxChi52 displayed inhibition effects on the growth of some phytopathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alstroemeriae, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Valsa mali. The unique properties of PxChi52 may enable it potential application in agriculture field as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Singh RV, Sambyal K, Negi A, Sonwani S, Mahajan R. Chitinases production: A robust enzyme and its industrial applications. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1883004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishika Sambyal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Shubham Sonwani
- Department of Biosciences, Christian Eminent College, Indore, India
| | - Ritika Mahajan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
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Characterization of chitinase from Shewanella inventionis HE3 with bio-insecticidal effect against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Biochemical and molecular characterization of an acido-thermostable endo-chitinase from Bacillus altitudinis KA15 for industrial degradation of chitinous waste. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108089. [PMID: 32807357 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the isolation and identification of an acido-thermostable chitinase (ChiA-Ba43) which was purified, from the culture liquid of Bacillus altitudinis strain KA15, and characterized. Purification of ChiA-Ba43 produced a 69.6-fold increase in the specific activity (120,000 U/mg) of the chitinase, with a yield of 51% using colloidal chitin as substrate. ChiA-Ba43 was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 43,190.05 Da as determined by MALDI-TOF/MS. N-terminal sequence of the first 27 amino-acids (aa) of ChiA-Ba43 displayed homology to chitinases from other Bacillus species. Interestingly, ChiA-Ba43 exhibited optimum pH and temperature of 4-5.5 and 85 °C, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) showed that the final hydrolyzed products of the enzyme from chitin-oligosaccharides and colloidal chitin are a mixture of (GlcNAc)2, (GlcNAc)3, (GlcNAc)4, and (GlcNAc)5, which indicates that ChiA-Ba43 possesses an endo-acting function. More interestingly, compared to ChiA-Mt45, ChiA-Hh59, Chitodextrinase®, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase®, and ChiA-65, ChiA-Ba43 demonstrated a high level of catalytic efficiency and outstanding tolerance towards various organic solvents. The chiA-Ba43 gene (1332 bp) encoding ChiA-Ba43 (409 aa) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB101. The biochemical properties of the recombinant chitinase (rChiA-Ba43) were equivalent to those of the natively expressed enzyme. These properties make ChiA-Ba43 an ideal candidate for industrial bioconversion of chitinous waste.
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21
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Tran TD, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Bioprocessing of Squid Pens Waste into Chitosanase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 and Its Application in Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides Production. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051163. [PMID: 32438616 PMCID: PMC7284385 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has become of great interest in recent years because of its worthy biological activities. This study aims to produce COS using the enzymatic method, and investigates Paenibacillus sp. TKU047, a chitinolytic-producing strain, in terms of its chitosanase productivity on several chitinous material-containing mediums from fishery process wastes. The highest amount of chitosanase was produced on the medium using 2% (w/v) squid pens powder (0.60 U/mL) as the single carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source. The molecular mass of TKU047 chitosanase, which could be the smallest one among chitinases/chitosanases from the Paenibacillus genus, was approximately 23 kDa according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. TKU047 chitosanase possessed the highest activity at 60 °C, pH 7, and toward chitosan solution with a higher degree of deacetylation (DDA) value. Additionally, the hydrolysis products of 98% DDA chitosan catalyzed by TKU047 chitosanase showed the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 2 to 9, suggesting that it was an endo-type activity chitosanase. The free radical scavenging activity of the obtained chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was determined. The result showed that COS produced with Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 chitosanase expressed a higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than that from the commercial COSs with maximum activity and IC50 values of 81.20% and 1.02 mg/mL; 18.63% and 15.37 mg/mL; and 15.96% and 15.16 mg/mL, respectively. As such, Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 may have potential use in converting squid pens waste to produce chitosanase as an enzyme for bio-activity COS preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Trung Dung Tran
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2621-5656; Fax: +886-2-2620-9924
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22
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Biochemical characterization of a bifunctional chitinase/lysozyme from Streptomyces sampsonii suitable for N-acetyl chitobiose production. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Jankiewicz U, Baranowski B, Swiontek Brzezinska M, Frąk M. Purification, characterization and cloning of a chitinase from Stenotrophomonas rhizophila G22. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:16. [PMID: 31879580 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presented research the extracellular chitinase of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila G22 was biochemically and molecularly characterized. The studied enzyme was purified from a 72-h bacterial culture about 14 times, with a recovery of 63%. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated at 50 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed high activity against colloidal chitin. Significantly lower activities were observed with native chitin powder and chitosan. Adsorption of the enzyme to colloidal chitin and to powdered chitin at the level of 75% and 37%, respectively, was observed after 30 min of reaction. Optimum temperature and pH were 37 °C and 5.9, respectively. The enzyme demonstrated higher activity against nitrophenyl-β d N, N', N″-triacetylchitotriose and approx. 5 times lower activity for 4-nitrophenyl-N, N'-diacetyl-β-d-chitobiose. The enzyme is an endochitinase, which is confirmed by the K m and V max values determined in the studies. S. rhizophila G22 endochitinase was inhibited in the presence of cysteine-specific inhibitors, which indicates the role of cysteine moieties in the mechanism of catalysis or in stabilisation of the enzyme molecule. Also Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions may stabilise the protein's spatial structure. SDS and ions: Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ inhibited the activity of enzyme. A full-length (2109 bp) gene coding chitinase from S. rhizophila G22 was obtained. Four domains typical for glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH 18) chitinases were identified: catalytic Gly_18, chitin-binding-ChtBD3, type-III fibronectin-FN3 and polycystic kidney disease domain-PKD domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jankiewicz
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Baranowski
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- 2Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąk
- 3Department of Remote Sensing and Environmental Assessment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Science, Nowoursynowska 159, 02787 Warsaw, Poland
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Paenibacillus lutrae sp. nov., A Chitinolytic Species Isolated from A River Otter in Castril Natural Park, Granada, Spain. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120637. [PMID: 31810255 PMCID: PMC6955709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly chitinolytic facultative anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, endospore-forming, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain N10T was isolated from the feces of a river otter in the Castril Natural Park (Granada, Spain). It is a slightly halophilic, motile, catalase-, oxidase-, ACC deaminase- and C4 and C8 lipase-positive strain. It is aerobic, respiratory and has a fermentative metabolism using oxygen as an electron acceptor, produces acids from glucose and can fix nitrogen. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 16S rRNA, gyrB, recA and rpoB, as well as phylogenomic analyses indicate that strain N10T is a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity (95.4%) to P. chitinolyticus LMG 18047T and <95% similarity to other species of the genus Paenibacillus. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANIb) were 21.1% and <75%, respectively. Its major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, and iso-C15:0. G + C content ranged between 45%–50%. Using 16S rRNA phylogenetic and in silico phylogenomic analyses, together with chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, we demonstrate that type strain N10T (= CECT 9541T =LMG 30535T) is a novel species of genus Paenibacillus and the name Paenibacillus lutrae sp. nov. is proposed.
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