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d’Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G, Pavone P, Vittozzi P, De Girolamo G, Schietroma I, Serafino S, Giustini N, Vullo V. What happens to cardiovascular system behind the undetectable level of HIV viremia? AIDS Res Ther 2016; 13:21. [PMID: 27127532 PMCID: PMC4848790 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-016-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the combined antiretroviral therapy has improved the length and quality of life of HIV infected patients, the survival of these patients is always decreased compared with the general population. This is the consequence of non-infectious illnesses including cardio vascular diseases. In fact large studies have indicated an increased risk of coronary atherosclerotic disease, myocardial infarction even in HIV patients on cART. In HIV infected patients several factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular problems: life-style, metabolic parameters, genetic predisposition, viral factors, immune activation, chronic inflammation and side effects of antiretroviral therapy. The same factors may also contribute to complicate the clinical management of these patients. Therefore, treatment of these non-infectious illnesses in HIV infected population is an emerging challenge for physicians. The purpose of this review is to focus on the new insights in non AIDS-related cardiovascular diseases in patients with suppressed HIV viremia.
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d'Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G, Serafino S, Giustini N, Cavallari EN, Bianchi L, Pavone P, Bellelli V, Turriziani O, Antonelli G, Stroffolini T, Vullo V. Dominant enrichment of phenotypically activated CD38(+) HLA-DR(+) CD8(+) T cells, rather than CD38(+) HLA-DR(+) CD4(+) T cells, in HIV/HCV coinfected patients on antiretroviral therapy. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1347-56. [PMID: 26765625 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection may enhance immune-activation, while little is known regarding the role of HCV infection. This study investigates the impact of HCV in HIV coinfected patients with undetectable viraemia under HAART on the levels of peripheral T cell's immune-activation. We determined T lymphocytes subsets to characterize immune-activation defined as CD38 and/or HLA-DR expression in chronic monoinfected HCV, HIV, and HIV/HCV coinfected subjects. One hundred and fifty six patients were divided into three groups: (i) 77 HIV+ patients; (ii) 50 HCV+ patients; and (iii) 29 coinfected HIV/HCV patients. The level of CD4(+) was significantly higher in HCV+ than in HIV+ or in coinfected HIV/HCV subjects. The frequencies of CD4(+) CD38(+) /HLA-DR(-) , CD4(+) CD38(-) /HLA-DR(+) and CD4(+) CD38(+) /HLA-DR(+) in HIV+ patients were comparable to those measured in coinfected patients, but statistically higher than those observed in HCV+ subjects. The percentage of CD8(+) was comparable in HIV-1+ patients and coinfected HIV/HCV but the results obtained in both groups were significantly higher compared to the results obtained in HCV patients. The level of CD8(+) CD38(+) /HLA-DR(-) showed values lower in HIV+ patients than in that monoinfected HCV and coinfected HIV/HCV patients. The frequencies of CD8(+) CD38(-) /HLA-DR(+) were higher in HIV+ patients compared to HCV+ and coinfected HIV/HCV patients. HIV/HCV coinfected group showed highest levels of CD8(+) CD38(+) /HLA-DR(+) . HIV plays a pivotal role to determine the immune activation in the host. The role of HCV needs of further investigations but our data show that HCV mainly influences the immune-activation of the pool of CD8, but also probably plays a supporting additive effect on CD4 immune-activation. J. Med. Virol. 88:1347-1356, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Serafino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Giustini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bianchi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pavone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bellelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Virology Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Virology Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Stroffolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Badr S, Minha S, Kitabata H, Fatemi O, Torguson R, Suddath WO, Satler LF, Pichard AD, Waksman R. Safety and long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 85:192-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Badr
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Sa'ar Minha
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Hironori Kitabata
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Omid Fatemi
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Rebecca Torguson
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - William O. Suddath
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Lowell F. Satler
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Augusto D. Pichard
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Heart Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Washington District of Columbia
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Microbial translocation and infectious diseases: what is the link? Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:356981. [PMID: 23091494 PMCID: PMC3471423 DOI: 10.1155/2012/356981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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