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Jurado-Román A, Tébar-Márquez D, Hernandez-Enríquez M, Birkemeyer R, Rodríguez-Leor O, Spinu R, Belle L, Galeote G, Jiménez-Valero S, Moreno R. Meta-long Papyrus: Meta-analysis of mid to long-term outcomes of PK Papyrus covered stent. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024. [PMID: 39033331 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although covered stents (CS) represent a potentially life-saving intervention for coronary perforation (CAP), their application has expanded to other contexts, including coronary aneurysms (CAA). However, data regarding mid- and long-term outcomes of CS in these settings scenarios remains limited. AIMS This meta-analysis aims to evaluate major adverse cardiac events (MACE) from discharge through long-term follow-up in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the new generation polyurethane-covered cobalt-chromium PK Papyrus CS. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of data from three observational trials that included long-term follow-up of patients who underwent PK Papyrus CS implantation: Papyrus-Spain, SOS PK Papyrus, and PAST-PERF registry. RESULTS 332 patients underwent PK Papyrus CS implantation, 236 (71.1%) for CAP, 70 (21.1%) for CAA and 26 (7.8%) for other indications. After a mean follow-up of 16.2 months, the MACE was 14.3%, with Target Lesion Revascularization (TLR) being the most frequent (8.5%), followed by stent thrombosis (ST), 3.3% and cardiac death (CD), 2.6%. Comparing CAP and CAA subgroups, the MACE rate in CAA was significantly higher than CAP (21.4% vs 9.7%, p < 0.01), primary driven by ST (CAA: 8.6% vs CAP: 1.3%; p = 0.0015). CONCLUSIONS The clinical outcomes following PK Papyrus CS implantation are deemed acceptable, considering the challenging scenarios and the existing alternative treatments. However, MACE rates in patients with CAA who received Papyrus PK CS were significantly higher than in those with CAP, underscoring the importance of meticulous patient selection and optimization of CS in these complex patients and coronary anatomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Jurado-Román
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Tébar-Márquez
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Radu Spinu
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Of Annecy, Cannes, France
| | - Loïc Belle
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Of Annecy, Cannes, France
| | - Guillermo Galeote
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez-Valero
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Moreno
- Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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Mutlu D, Rempakos A, Alexandrou M, Al-Ogaili A, Gorgulu S, Choi JW, Elbarouni B, Khatri JJ, Jaffer F, Riley R, Smith AJC, Davies R, Frizzel J, Patel M, Koutouzis M, Tsiafoutis I, Rangan BV, Mastrodemos OC, Sandoval Y, Burke MN, Brilakis ES. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the PROGRESS-CTO registry. Int J Cardiol 2024; 405:131931. [PMID: 38432608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery (eCABG) is a serious complication of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI). METHODS We examined the incidence and outcomes eCABG among 14,512 CTO PCIs performed between 2012 and 2023 in a large multicenter registry. RESULTS The incidence of eCABG was 0.12% (n = 17). Mean age was 68 ± 6 years and 69% of the patients were men. The most common reason for eCABG was coronary perforation (70.6%). eCABG patients had larger target vessel diameter (3.36 ± 0.50 vs. 2.90 ± 0.52; p = 0.003), were more likely to have moderate/severe calcification (85.7% vs. 45.8%; p = 0.006), side branch at the proximal cap (91.7% vs. 55.4%; p = 0.025), and balloon undilatable lesions (50% vs. 7.4%; p = 0.001) and to have undergone retrograde crossing (64.7% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.006). eCABG cases had lower technical (35.3% vs. 86.7%; p < 0.001) and procedural (35.3% vs. 86.7%; p < 0.001) success and higher in-hospital mortality (35.3% vs. 0.4%; p < 0.001), coronary perforation (70.6% vs. 4.6%; p < 0.001), pericardiocentesis (47.1% vs. 0.8%; p < 0.001), and major bleeding (11.8% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of eCABG after CTO PCI was 0.12% and associated with high in-hospital mortality (35%). Coronary perforation was the most common reason for eCABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Mutlu
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Athanasios Rempakos
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michaella Alexandrou
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Ogaili
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - James W Choi
- Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A J Conrad Smith
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitul Patel
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bavana V Rangan
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Olga C Mastrodemos
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yader Sandoval
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Nicholas Burke
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emmanouil S Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Denby K, Zaczkiewicz M, Banthiya S, Mashayekhi K, Khatri J. Understanding large vessel perforation requiring treatment with covered stent implantation: A case series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 103:570-579. [PMID: 38470093 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Large vessel perforation during coronary intervention is a rare but potentially fatal complication, often requiring implantation of a covered stent for resolution. While technology is improving, the long-term patency of covered stents is less than drug-eluting stents, and implantation of covered stents should be used sparingly. Large vessel perforations are complex and often the perforation inflow is not located at the site of extravasation seen on angiography. This can lead to geographic miss when implanting covered stents and necessitate the implantation of additional covered stents which increases the risk for short- and long-term complications. We present a case series to further investigate the anatomy and mechanism of large vessel perforations and guidance on effective covered stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Denby
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Alphonsus Medical Group, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | | | - Sukriti Banthiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jaikirshan Khatri
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Majeed H, Blankenship JC. Ellis type 4 coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention: Case series and review. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 102:1252-1258. [PMID: 37948439 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ellis type 4 coronary artery perforation (CAP4), also referred to as Ellis type 3 cavity-spilling perforation, is a rare but life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention characterized by extravasation of blood into a cardiac chamber, anatomic cavity, or coronary sinus or vessel. CAP4 is uncommon, accounting for 1.9% to 3.0% of all CAP. Only 11 cases of CAP4 have been reported in detail; we report an additional two cases and review prior reports of this rare complication. Our first case highlights a patient with chronic anginal symptoms due to a 75% concentric stenotic lesion in the mid-LAD. Revascularization was complicated by perforation during pre-dilation with robust contrast extravasation into the left ventricle. Successful postperforation hemostasis was achieved with heparin reversal and covered stent placement. The second case demonstrates another major mechanism of CAP4: wire perforation. During intervention, the absence of blood flow distal to the lesion in the setting of an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction obscured the course of the nonhydrophilic floppy wire leading to perforation that was managed conservatively. In our scoping review, we found that the majority of CAP4 occurred in the LAD. The most frequently involved cavity was the left ventricle-other cavities involved were the right ventricle and coronary veins. Common etiologies of CAP4 included guidewire perforation (62%) and balloon dilation (31%). Perforation was managed with reversal of anticoagulation in 46% of cases, prolonged balloon inflation in 54% of cases, and covered stent deployment in 15% of cases. No patients required surgical repair or pericardiocentesis and perforations were successfully sealed in all cases. In-hospital mortality was 0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Majeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - James C Blankenship
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Rao SV, Kandzari DE. Lifting the Regulatory Blanket Off of Covered Stents. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2023; 52:37-38. [PMID: 37029040 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V Rao
- New York University Langone Health System, New York, NY, USA.
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Danek BA, Kearney KE, Chung CJ, Steinberg Z, Lombardi WL, McCabe JM, Azzalini L. The contemporary role of protamine in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023. [PMID: 37172213 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Access to the arterial circulation and full anticoagulation carries a risk of serious bleeding during and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Important sources of bleeding include the arterial access site and coronary artery perforation. Prompt and effective management of hemorrhagic complications is an essential interventional skill. Protamine sulfate is well-known as a heparin reversal agent. Despite this, there is heterogeneity in the use of protamine during interventional procedures. While protamine is generally well-tolerated, it is associated with a risk of hypersensitivity reaction, including anaphylaxis, among others. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing evidence about and experience with the use of protamine sulfate in the setting of percutaneous coronary and structural interventional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Danek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen E Kearney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine J Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Steinberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William L Lombardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James M McCabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lorenzo Azzalini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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PK papyrus: The new standard for sealing large vessel coronary perforations. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2022; 43:102-103. [PMID: 35864000 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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