Selective arylation of 2-substituted indoles towards 1,2- and 2,3-functional indoles directed through the catalytic system

Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalizations of indoles

This review summarises a wide range of transformations on the indole skeleton, including arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, acylation, nitration, borylation, and amidation, using transition-metal catalyzed C–H functionalization as the key step.

Regioselective direct arylation of indoles on the benzenoid moiety

Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed selective C–H functionalization of indoles have garnered tremendous attention.

Photoactivity properties of ZnO doped with cerium ions: an EPR study

In the present study, we investigated the effect of cerium doping in zinc oxide matrix, used as photoactive material. Cerium ions into the matrix of ZnO can act like a 'trap' for the electrons, lowering the e ^-/h ⁺ recombination rate and so increasing the photocatalytic efficiency of the ZnO. We synthesised doped samples using a simple precipitation route. The amount of dopant used was, 1 and 10% molar. The samples have been studied via x-ray diffraction measurements for the structural characterisation; UV-visible diffuse reflectance was used for the optical analysis; Branauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model for the measurement of the surface area. Finally, the samples have been analysed via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for the electronic characterisation and for testing their photoactivity. The spin trapping technique was also use to measure the amount of stable radical adducts formed via reaction of OH^• radicals with molecules of the DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) spin probe.

Palladium nanoparticles supported on modified single-walled carbon nanotubes: a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst in the Ullmann-type N-arylation of imidazoles and indoles

Application of SWCNT-Met/Pd as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst in the Ullmann coupling of imidazoles and indoles with aryl iodides.

Advances in direct C–H arylation of 5,5- 6,5- and 6,6-fused-heterocycles containing heteroatoms (N, O, S)

This report aims to review the advances made in C–H arylation of 5,6, 6,6 and 5,5 fused-heterocyclic systems.

Recent advances in the synthesis of N-containing heteroaromatics via heterogeneously transition metal catalysed cross-coupling reactions

N-containing heteroaromatics are important substructures found in numerous natural or synthetic alkaloids. The diversity of the structures encountered, as well as their biological and pharmaceutical relevance, have motivated research aimed at the development of new economical, efficient and selective synthetic strategies to access these compounds. Over more than 100 years of research, this hot topic has resulted in numerous so-called "classical synthetic methods" that have really contributed to this important area. However, when the selective synthesis of highly functional heteroaromatics like indoles, quinolones, indoxyls, etc. is considered these methods remain limited. Recently transition metal-catalysed (TM-catalysed) procedures for the synthesis of such compounds and further transformations, have been developed providing increased tolerance toward functional groups and leading generally to higher reaction yields. Many of these methods have proven to be the most powerful and are currently applied in target- or diversity-oriented syntheses. This review article aims at reporting the recent developments devoted to this important area, focusing on the use of heterogeneous catalysed procedures that include either the formation of the heterocyclic ring towards the nuclei or their transformations to highly substituted compounds.

Palladium-catalysed direct 3- or 4-arylation of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole derivatives: an economically and environmentally attractive procedure

Straight to the point: The direct 3- or 4-arylation of pyrrole derivatives through C--H bond activation proceeds in moderate to good yields using Pd(OAc)(2) as catalyst. In contrast to classical coupling procedures, the preparation of an organometallic derivative is not required and the major by-products are AcOH/KBr instead of metallic salts.

Photophysical and complexation properties of benzenesulfonamide derivatives with different donor and acceptor moieties

Pyrrolobenzosulfonamide, indolobenzosulfonamide and carbazolobenzosulfonamide derivatives with different acceptor groups were synthesized and their photophysical properties were compared. The electron donor linking sites are found to influence the emission characteristics of these compounds while acceptor linking sites have no noticeable effects on the spectral properties. P2-A5 which is a C-C linked pyrrole derivative exhibited different spectral properties from the C-N linked pyrrole derivatives. The complexation properties of the molecules were also investigated employing Na (I), Ca (II), Li (I), Mg (II), Zn (II) and Cu (II) ions.