Effect of grain size of zeolite Y on its catalytic performance in olefin alkylation thiophenic sulfur process

Some applications of deep eutectic solvents in alkylation of heterocyclic compounds: A review of the past 10 years

This mini-review encapsulates the latest findings (past 10 years) in the field of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) application in the alkylation/arylation of different heterocyclic compounds. These solvents have been developed to fulfill the green chemistry concept demands and have been proven excellent for the application in various fields. This review describes their application in different types of alkylation, C-, N-, O- and S-alkylation. P-alkylation has not yet been published within this scope. Not only have the authors in this study proven that DESs could be successfully applied for this specific type of reaction, but they have also offered an excellent insight into the mechanisms of their action.

Synthesis and catalytic performance of a small crystal NaY zeolite with high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio

A small crystal NaY zeolite with a high SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio was successfully synthesized with seeding and without organic template, and the effects of the silicon source, aging time and Na₂O seeding content on the crystal size of NaY zeolite were investigated. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and N₂ adsorption–desorption. The results showed that the silicon source used to prepare seeding had a great effect on the crystal size of NaY zeolite, NaY zeolite with average size of 100 nm and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of 5.42 was obtained by using the seeding prepared with silica sol. Moreover, the crystal size of NaY zeolite decreased with an extension of the aging time and an increase of the Na₂O content of seeding. The catalytic performance of small crystal Y zeolite was evaluated in the hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO), the catalyst with smaller crystal Y zeolite presented higher VGO conversion and middle distillates selectivity than those with larger ones due to its higher surface area and more amount of mesoporous.

A small crystal NaY zeolite with a high SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio was successfully synthesized with seeding and without organic template, and the effects of the silicon source, aging time and Na₂O seeding content on the crystal size of the NaY zeolite were investigated.

Alkylation desulfurization of the C9 fraction over Amberlyst 36 resin

Conversions of thiophenic compounds close to 99% with increased octane number of the C₉ fraction were obtained after alkylation desulfurization over Amberlyst 36 resin, suggesting a new way to reduce the sulfur content in the C₉ fraction.

Morphology-controlled synthesis of large mordenite crystals

Morphology-controlled synthesis of mordenite is achieved by a facile acidic hydrolysis route, and the three new morphologies obtained include bulky sphere, hexagonal star-like prism and petal shaped crystals.

Alkylation of Thiophenic Compounds with 1-Hexene over Sulfonated Solid Acid Catalysts

Three kinds of carriers were utilised to prepare the corresponding sulfonated solid acid catalysts for the alkylation of two different thiophenic compounds (3-methylthiophene and 3-butylthiophene) with 1-hexene. Though the activity of the sulfonated solid acid catalysts was somewhat lower than that of liquid sulfuric acid, the solid acid catalysts had significant advantages in their easy separation, good recycling, selectivity and performance on reuse.