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Barker RE, Brand MC, Clark JH, North M. Nitrogen-Doped Starbons®: Methodology Development and Carbon Dioxide Capture Capability. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303436. [PMID: 37877704 PMCID: PMC10952171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Five nitrogen sources (glycine, β-alanine, urea, melamine and nicotinamide) and three heating methods (thermal, monomodal microwave and multimodal microwave) are used to prepare nitrogen-doped Starbons® derived from starch. The materials are initially produced at 250-300 °C (SNx 300y ), then heated in vacuo to 800 °C to produce nitrogen-doped SNx 800y 's. Melamine gives the highest nitrogen incorporation without destroying the Starbon® pore structure and the microwave heating methods give higher nitrogen incorporations than thermal heating. The carbon dioxide adsorption capacities of the nitrogen-doped Starbons® determined gravimetrically, in many cases exceed those of S300 and S800. The carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane adsorption isotherms of the most promising materials are measured volumetrically. Most of the nitrogen-doped materials show higher carbon dioxide adsorption capacities than S800, but lower methane and nitrogen adsorption capacities. As a result, the nitrogen-doped Starbons® exhibit significantly enhanced carbon dioxide versus nitrogen and methane versus nitrogen selectivities compared to S800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Barker
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Michael C. Brand
- Department of Chemistry andMaterials Innovation Factory andLeverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolL69 7ZDLiverpoolUK
| | - James H. Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkUK
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2
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Tiwari S, Chandrashekharappa S, Gururaja GN. Nucleophilic sulfur controlled efficient ketothioamide synthesis from tribromomethyl carbinols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8563-8572. [PMID: 37853847 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A mild, catalyst and oxidant-free efficient protocol for synthesizing α-ketothioamides is reported with a broad substrate scope. The presented protocol demonstrates the confined reactivity of amines. The polysulfide derived from elemental sulfur and amines in an aqueous medium drives the pathway toward diverse α-ketothioamides over thioamides. Substrates with different substituent groups were compatible with the presented protocol, and the respective ketothioamides were separated in good to excellent yields. The ketothioamides, known to exhibit anti-cancer properties, were synthesized by the proposed protocol. Furthermore, the synthetic utility was explored with the typical synthesis of ketoamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Tiwari
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
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3
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Baird V, Barker RE, Longhurst B, McElroy CR, Meng S, North M, Wang J. Biomass Derived, Hierarchically Porous, Activated Starbons® as Adsorbents for Volatile Organic Compounds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300370. [PMID: 37013699 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of potassium hydroxide activated Starbons® derived from starch and alginic acid as adsorbents for 29 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated. In every case, the alginic acid derived Starbon (A800K2) was found to be the optimal adsorbent, significantly outperforming both commercial activated carbon and starch derived, activated Starbon (S800K2). The saturated adsorption capacity of A800K2 depends on both the size of the VOC and the functional groups it contains. The highest saturated adsorption capacities were obtained with small VOCs. For VOC's of similar size, the presence of polarizable electrons in lone pairs or π-bonds within non-polar VOCs was beneficial. Analysis of porosimetry data suggests that the VOC's are being adsorbed within the pore structure of A800K2 rather than just on its surface. The adsorption was completely reversible by thermal treatment of the saturated Starbon under vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Baird
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E Barker
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Longhurst
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - C Rob McElroy
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln UK, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Siyu Meng
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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4
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Stepacheva AA, Markova ME, Lugovoy YV, Kosivtsov YY, Matveeva VG, Sulman MG. Plant-Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials as Catalyst Support, A Brief Review. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon materials are widely used in catalysis as effective catalyst supports. Carbon supports can be produced from coal, organic precursors, biomass, and polymer wastes. Biomass is one of the promising sources used to produce carbon-based materials with a high surface area and a hierarchical structure. In this review, we briefly discuss the methods of biomass-derived carbon supported catalyst preparation and their application in biodiesel production, organic synthesis reactions, and electrocatalysis.
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5
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Gupta A, Vankar JK, Jadav JP, Gururaja GN. Water Mediated Direct Thioamidation of Aldehydes at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2410-2420. [PMID: 35133151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild, greener approach toward thioamide synthesis has been developed. Its unique features include water-mediated reaction with no input energy, additives, or catalysts as well. The presented protocol is attractive with readily available starting materials and the use of different array amines, along with a scaled-up method. Biologically active molecules such as thionicotinamide and thioisonicotinamide can be synthesized from this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Jigarkumar K Vankar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Jaydeepbhai P Jadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
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6
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Lluna‐Galán C, Izquierdo‐Aranda L, Adam R, Cabrero‐Antonino JR. Catalytic Reductive Alcohol Etherifications with Carbonyl-Based Compounds or CO 2 and Related Transformations for the Synthesis of Ether Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3744-3784. [PMID: 34237201 PMCID: PMC8518999 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ether derivatives have myriad applications in several areas of chemical industry and academia. Hence, the development of more effective and sustainable protocols for their production is highly desired. Among the different methodologies reported for ether synthesis, catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications with carbonyl-based moieties (aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives) have emerged in the last years as a potential tool. These processes constitute appealing routes for the selective production of both symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers (including O-heterocycles) with an increased molecular complexity. Likewise, ester-to-ether catalytic reductions and hydrogenative alcohol etherifications with CO2 to dialkoxymethanes and other acetals, albeit in less extent, have undergone important advances, too. In this Review, an update of the recent progresses in the area of catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications using carbonyl-based compounds and CO2 have been described with a special focus on organic synthetic applications and catalyst design. Complementarily, recent progress made in catalytic acetal/ketal-to-ether or ester-to-ether reductions and other related transformations have been also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lluna‐Galán
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Luis Izquierdo‐Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Jose R. Cabrero‐Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
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7
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Rehman A, Noor T, Hussain A, Iqbal N, Jahan Z. Role of Catalysis in Biofuels Production Process – A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Rehman
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hussain
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Naseem Iqbal
- National University of Sciences and Technology U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Zaib Jahan
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) Islamabad Pakistan
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8
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Lan G, Yang J, Ye RP, Boyjoo Y, Liang J, Liu X, Li Y, Liu J, Qian K. Sustainable Carbon Materials toward Emerging Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001250. [PMID: 34928103 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is desirable for a sustainable society that the production and utilization of renewable materials are net-zero in terms of carbon emissions. Carbon materials with emerging applications in CO2 utilization, renewable energy storage and conversion, and biomedicine have attracted much attention both academically and industrially. However, the preparation process of some new carbon materials suffers from energy consumption and environmental pollution issues. Therefore, the development of low-cost, scalable, industrially and economically attractive, sustainable carbon material preparation methods are required. In this regard, the use of biomass and its derivatives as a precursor of carbon materials is a major feature of sustainability. Recent advances in the synthetic strategy of sustainable carbon materials and their emerging applications are summarized in this short review. Emphasis is made on the discussion of the original intentions and various sustainable strategies for producing sustainable carbon materials. This review provides basic insights and significant guidelines for the further design of sustainable carbon materials and their emerging applications in catalysis and the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Lan
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Chaowang Road 18, Zhejiang, 310032, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ping Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yash Boyjoo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ji Liang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Chaowang Road 18, Zhejiang, 310032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
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9
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Vankar JK, Gupta A, Jadav JP, Nanjegowda SH, Gururaja GN. The thioamidation of gem-dibromoalkenes in an aqueous medium. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2473-2480. [PMID: 33651057 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct integration of sulphur and amine groups with 1,1-dibromoalkenes for thioamide synthesis has been achieved in an aqueous medium. The presented green protocol emphasizes the suitability of aqueous media for the thioamidation reaction and enables greater selectivity with synthetic utility. A wide range of thioamides in moderate to excellent yields has been achieved using readily available starting materials, with the use of no organic solvents, catalysts, or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigarkumar K Vankar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
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10
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Ventura M, Marinas A, Domine ME. Catalytic Processes for Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules Valorisation. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Yu Z, Lu X, Xiong J, Li X, Bai H, Ji N. Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone with Formic Acid as Internal Hydrogen Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2916-2930. [PMID: 32153131 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising biomass-based platform molecules, γ-valerolactone (GVL) can be synthesized from a variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks through different hydrogen supply pathways. Among these transformation routes, the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to GVL by using formic acid (FA) as the internal hydrogen source is regarded as a critical path for the sustainable development of renewable energy systems. Although a large number of studies on the synthesis of GVL have been reported, the FA/LA catalytic system has not been interpreted as thoroughly as it should be. In this Minireview, core concerns are focused on key issues and their effects in this FA/LA catalytic system. The catalytic mechanism, together with competitive adsorption behavior between FA and LA on heterogeneous catalysts, is presented. The effects of active metal species and catalyst supports on the overall catalytic performance are summarized, and the influences of key condition parameters, including the time, temperature, FA/LA molar ratios, and aqueous solvent, are discussed. In particular, impacts and improvements of coke deposition and metal leaching, which could greatly affect the catalyst stability, are analyzed in detail. Additionally, several feasible suggestions for the enhancement of the catalytic efficiency and stability are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hui Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Na Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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12
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Huang Q, Yu W, Lu F, Lu R, Si X, Gao J, Xu J. Fabrication of highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles stabilized in coated carbon shell via one-pot co-synthesis strategy for aqueous hydrogenation of bio-based itaconic acid. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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14
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Dugmore TIJ, Clark JH, Bustamante J, Houghton JA, Matharu AS. Valorisation of Biowastes for the Production of Green Materials Using Chemical Methods. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:46. [PMID: 28374283 PMCID: PMC5396386 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
With crude oil reserves dwindling, the hunt for a sustainable alternative feedstock for fuels and materials for our society continues to expand. The biorefinery concept has enjoyed both a surge in popularity and also vocal opposition to the idea of diverting food-grade land and crops for this purpose. The idea of using the inevitable wastes arising from biomass processing, particularly farming and food production, is, therefore, gaining more attention as the feedstock for the biorefinery. For the three main components of biomass-carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins-there are long-established processes for using some of these by-products. However, the recent advances in chemical technologies are expanding both the feedstocks available for processing and the products that be obtained. Herein, this review presents some of the more recent developments in processing these molecules for green materials, as well as case studies that bring these technologies and materials together into final products for applied usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I J Dugmore
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julen Bustamante
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Joseph A Houghton
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Avtar S Matharu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
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15
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Li X, Lv C, Jia X, Cheng M, Wang K, Hu Z. Nanoparticle Based on Poly(Ionic Liquid) as an Efficient Solid Immobilization Catalyst for Aldol Reaction and Multicomponent Reaction in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:827-835. [PMID: 27966886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly nanoparticle-supported catalyst was successfully prepared via in situ ionic complexation between imidazolium-based polymer ionic liquid (PIL) and poly(l-prolinamide-co-MAA). The physical and chemical properties of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, and static water contact angle experiments. The surface properties of the nanoparticle were found to significantly affect the catalytic performance. The nanoparticle with PIL outer facilitated the adsorption of reaction substrate in it. As a result, the catalytic system catalyzed the asymmetric Aldol reaction and multicomponent reaction in pure water efficiently. The catalytic system was able to be reused and recycled five times, and with no discernible loss in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. These findings suggest that nanoparticles based on PIL may provide a new approach for preparing high performance supported catalysts for organic reactions in water. This technology also addresses issues associated with mass transfer in pure water reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Chunna Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Maoqin Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
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16
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Effect of Ru Particle Size on Hydrogenation/Decarbonylation of Propanoic Acid Over Supported Ru Catalysts in Aqueous Phase. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Support Screening Studies on the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone in Water Using Ru Catalysts. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6090131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Spanjers CS, Schneiderman DK, Wang JZ, Wang J, Hillmyer MA, Zhang K, Dauenhauer PJ. Branched Diol Monomers from the Sequential Hydrogenation of Renewable Carboxylic Acids. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles S. Spanjers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Deborah K. Schneiderman
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Jay Z. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Ave SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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19
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Guo Y, Li Y, Chen J, Chen L. Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid into γ-Valerolactone Over Ruthenium Catalysts Supported on Metal–Organic Frameworks in Aqueous Medium. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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White RJ, Shuttleworth PS, Budarin VL, De Bruyn M, Fischer A, Clark JH. An Interesting Class of Porous Polymer--Revisiting the Structure of Mesoporous α-D-Polysaccharide Gels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:280-8. [PMID: 26785060 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes involved in the transformation of non-porous, native polysaccharides to their highly porous equivalents introduce significant molecular complexity and are not yet fully understood. In this paper, we propose that distinct changes in polysaccharide local short-range ordering promotes and directs the formation of meso- and micro-pores, which are investigated here using N2 sorption, FTIR, and solid-state (13)C NMR. It is found that an increase in the overall double helical amylose content, and their local association structures, are responsible for formation of the porous polysaccharide gel phase. An exciting consequence of this local ordering change is elegantly revealed using a (19)F NMR experiment, which identifies the stereochemistry-dependent diffusion of a fluorinated chiral probe molecule (1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) from the meso- to the micro-pore region. This finding opens opportunities in the area of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases and asymmetric catalyst preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J White
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- FMF-Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group, Hydrogen Technologies Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter S Shuttleworth
- Departamento de Física de Polímeros, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitaliy L Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Anna Fischer
- Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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21
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Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Recyclable Earth-Abundant Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to Produce γ-Valerolactone. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:181-185. [PMID: 26735911 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) derived from earth-abundant metal(0) carbonyls catalyze conversion of bio-derived levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone in up to 93% isolated yield. This sustainable and green route uses non-precious metal catalysts and can be performed in aqueous or ethanol solution without using hydrogen gas as the hydrogen source. Generation of metal NPs using microwave irradiation greatly enhances the rate of the conversion, enables the use of ethanol as both solvent and hydrogen source without forming the undesired ethyl levulinate, and affords recyclable polymer-stabilized NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1872, USA), Fax
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1872, USA), Fax.
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22
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Abdelrahman OA, Luo HY, Heyden A, Román-Leshkov Y, Bond JQ. Toward rational design of stable, supported metal catalysts for aqueous-phase processing: Insights from the hydrogenation of levulinic acid. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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De S, Balu AM, van der Waal JC, Luque R. Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon Materials: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Takeda Y, Shoji T, Watanabe H, Tamura M, Nakagawa Y, Okumura K, Tomishige K. Selective hydrogenation of lactic acid to 1,2-propanediol over highly active ruthenium-molybdenum oxide catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:1170-1178. [PMID: 25510671 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Modification of Ru/C with a small amount of MoOx (RuMoOx /C) enhanced the catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of L-lactic acid to form 1,2-propanediol and maintained high selectivity. The turnover frequency based on the amount of Ru over the optimized RuMoOx /C catalyst (Mo/Ru molar ratio=1:16) was 114 h(-1) at 393 K, which was about 4 times higher than that over Ru/C. The same effect of MoOx was obtained over RuMoOx /SiO2 , although RuMoOx /SiO2 showed slightly lower activity than that of RuMoOx /C. RuMoOx /C achieved a high yield of 95 % in 18 h at 393 K and was applicable to various carboxylic acids to provide the corresponding alcohols in high yields. Modification with MoOx also brought about suppression of racemization and (S)-1,2-propanediol was obtained in high enantiomeric excess at 353 K. Based on kinetic analysis and characterization data, such as XRD, TEM, CO adsorption by a volumetric method, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, for RuMoOx /C and RuMoOx /SiO2 , the catalyst structure and reaction mechanism are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan)
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25
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Huang Q, Yu W, Lu R, Lu F, Gao J, Miao H, Xu J. Preparing acid-resistant Ru-based catalysts by carbothermal reduction for hydrogenation of itaconic acid. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ru-based catalysts with good stability and acid-resistance for hydrogenation of itaconic acid to methylsuccinc acid were prepared via carbothermal reduction, in which CO generated in situ functioned as an efficient reducing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Fang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
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26
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Pritchard J, Filonenko GA, van Putten R, Hensen EJM, Pidko EA. Heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives: history, advances and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3808-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives is described with a particular focus on the catalyst performance, composition and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Pritchard
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry group
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Georgy A. Filonenko
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry group
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Robbert van Putten
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry group
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry group
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry group
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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27
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Titirici MM, White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Su DS, del Monte F, Clark JH, MacLachlan MJ. Sustainable carbon materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:250-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based structures are the most versatile materials used in the modern nanotechnology. Therefore there is a need to develop increasingly more sustainable variants of carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J. White
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies
- D-14467 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Nicolas Brun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier
- UMR 5253
- CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1
- Université Montpellier 2
- 34095 Montpellier
| | - Vitaliy L. Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | | | - James H. Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- The University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
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28
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Hong UG, Kim JK, Lee J, Lee JK, Song JH, Yi J, Song IK. Hydrogenation of succinic acid to tetrahydrofuran over ruthenium-carbon composite catalysts: Effect of HCl concentration in the preparation of the catalysts. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Matthiesen J, Hoff T, Liu C, Pueschel C, Rao R, Tessonnier JP. Functional carbons and carbon nanohybrids for the catalytic conversion of biomass to renewable chemicals in the condensed phase. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Abdelrahman OA, Heyden A, Bond JQ. Analysis of Kinetics and Reaction Pathways in the Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid To Form γ-Valerolactone over Ru/C. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs401177p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ali Abdelrahman
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Andreas Heyden
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jesse Q. Bond
- Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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31
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White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Clark JH, Titirici MM. Always look on the "light" side of life: sustainable carbon aerogels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:670-689. [PMID: 24420578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of carbon aerogels based on the conversion of inexpensive and abundant precursors using environmentally friendly processes is a highly attractive subject in materials chemistry today. This article reviews the latest developments regarding the rapidly developing field of carbonaceous aerogels prepared from biomass and biomass-derived precursors, highlighting exciting and innovative approaches to green, sustainable nanomaterial synthesis. A review of the state-of-the-art technologies will be provided with a specific focus on two complimentary synthetic approaches developed upon the principles of green chemistry. These carbonaceous aerogel synthesis strategies, namely the Starbon and carbogel approaches, can be regarded as "top-down" and "bottom-up" strategies, respectively. The structural properties can be easily tailored by controlling synthetic parameters such as the precursor selection and concentration, the drying technique employed and post-synthesis temperature annealing. In addition to these parameters, the behavior of these sustainable carbon aerogel platforms in a variety of environmental and energy-related applications will also be discussed, including water remediation and fuel cell chemistry (i.e., the oxygen reduction reaction). This Review reveals the fascinating variety of highly porous, versatile, nanostructured, and functional carbon-based aerogels accessible through the highlighted sustainable synthetic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J White
- E3-Earth, Energy and Environment, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Berliner Str. 130, 14467 Potsdam (Germany).
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32
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Ma X, Lin R, Beuerle C, Jackson JE, Obare SO, Ofoli RY. Effects of surface activation on the structural and catalytic properties of ruthenium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:045701. [PMID: 24394435 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/4/045701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using colloid-based methods to prepare supported catalytic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) often faces the challenge of removing the stabilizer used during synthesis and activating the catalyst without modifying the particles or the support. We explored three surface activation protocols (thermal oxidation at 150 °C, thermal reduction at 350 °C, and argon-protected calcination at 650 °C) to activate ruthenium NPs supported on mesoporous silica (MSU-F), and assessed their effects on the structural and catalytic properties of the catalysts, and their activity by the aqueous phase hydrogenation of pyruvic acid. The NPs were synthesized by polyol reduction using poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer, and supported on MSU-F by sonication-assisted deposition. The NPs maintained their original morphology on the support during activation. Ar-protected calcination was the most efficient of the three for completely removing PVP from particle surfaces, and provided the highest degree of particle crystallinity and a metal dispersion comparable to commercial Ru/SiO2. Its catalytic performance was significantly higher than the other two protocols, although all three thermally activated catalysts achieved higher activity than the commercial catalyst at the same Ru loading. Post-reaction analysis also showed that the supported catalyst activated at 650 °C retained its morphology during the reaction, which is an important requirement for recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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34
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Besson M, Gallezot P, Pinel C. Conversion of biomass into chemicals over metal catalysts. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1827-70. [PMID: 24083630 DOI: 10.1021/cr4002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Besson
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement (IRCELYON), Université de Lyon/CNRS , 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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35
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36
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Gawande MB, Bonifácio VDB, Luque R, Branco PS, Varma RS. Benign by design: catalyst-free in-water, on-water green chemical methodologies in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5522-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols or alkanes over supported Ru catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Abstract
This critical review provides a survey illustrated by recent references of different strategies to achieve a sustainable conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Because of the huge number of chemical products that can be potentially manufactured, a selection of starting materials and targeted chemicals has been done. Also, thermochemical conversion processes such as biomass pyrolysis or gasification as well as the synthesis of biofuels were not considered. The synthesis of chemicals by conversion of platform molecules obtained by depolymerisation and fermentation of biopolymers is presently the most widely envisioned approach. Successful catalytic conversion of these building blocks into intermediates, specialties and fine chemicals will be examined. However, the platform molecule value chain is in competition with well-optimised, cost-effective synthesis routes from fossil resources to produce chemicals that have already a market. The literature covering alternative value chains whereby biopolymers are converted in one or few steps to functional materials will be analysed. This approach which does not require the use of isolated, pure chemicals is well adapted to produce high tonnage products, such as paper additives, paints, resins, foams, surfactants, lubricants, and plasticisers. Another objective of the review was to examine critically the green character of conversion processes because using renewables as raw materials does not exempt from abiding by green chemistry principles (368 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gallezot
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement-IRCELYON, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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