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Song X, Pang Y, Yuan Y, Fu Y, Gao L, Ma X. Comparison and theoretical analysis of the photocatalytic performance of Ni2+-Fe3+-CO32−-LDHs and Ni2+-Al3+-CO32−-LDHs. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Photochromic TiO 2/PEGDA organogels. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:545-555. [PMID: 35195890 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic materials can be used for modulation of the visible and infrared light transmittance for providing privacy or energy saving by blocking the heat. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles has been well reported as a promising photochromic material. However, a high photochromic response from TiO2 can be observed only when the nanoparticles are dispersed in a strong photogenerated hole scavenger at a liquid state, but polymer composites are less responsive due to lack of hole scavenging capability. However, it is intricate to apply suspensions in real window devices because of possible leaking. Here, we describe the preparation of TiO2 quantum dot (QD)-based gels from polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and ethanol (EtOH). Photochromic gels with TiO2 contents (1-5 volume%) show performance comparable to their colloidal counterparts with capable of photodarkening within 30 min with a transmittance change ranging from 35.8 to 84.5% at 550 nm. These gels were capable of fully recovering the initial transmittance when not exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light within 3-8 h. The photochromic gel systems with ethanol shows reasonable stability by decreasing in transmittance recovery only by less than 10% in 10 cycles. A potential application for the developed photochromic gels can be photochromic windows.
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Thiel TA, Obata K, Abdi FF, van de Krol R, Schomäcker R, Schwarze M. Photocatalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone on a titanium dioxide cellulose film. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7055-7065. [PMID: 35424704 PMCID: PMC8982184 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously developed sustainable immobilization concept for photocatalysts based on cellulose as a renewable support material was applied for the photocatalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone (ACP) to 1-phenyl ethanol (PE). Four different TiO2 modifications (P25, P90, PC105, and PC500) were screened for the reaction showing good performance for PC25 and PC500. PC500 was selected for a detailed kinetic study to find the optimal operating conditions, and to obtain a better understanding of the photocatalytic pathway in relation to conventional and transfer hydrogenation. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order reaction rate law. A complete conversion was obtained for ACP concentrations below 1 mM using a 360 nm filter and argon as the purge gas within 2-3 hours. High oxygen concentrations slow down or prevent the reaction, and wavelengths below 300 nm lead to side-products. By investigating the temperature dependency, an activation energy of 22 kJ mol-1 was determined which is lower than the activation energies for conventional and transfer hydrogenation, because the light activation of the photocatalyst turns the endothermic to an exothermic reaction. PC500 was immobilized onto the cellulose film showing a 37% lower activity that remains almost constant after multiple use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea A Thiel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry: Multiphase Reaction Engineering Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC8 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Keisuke Obata
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Fatwa F Abdi
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry: Multiphase Reaction Engineering Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC8 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry: Multiphase Reaction Engineering Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC8 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Schwarze
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry: Multiphase Reaction Engineering Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC8 10623 Berlin Germany
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Jafarpour M, Feizpour F, Rezaeifard A, Pourmorteza N, Breit B. Tandem Photocatalysis Protocol for Hydrogen Generation/Olefin Hydrogenation Using Pd-g-C 3N 4-Imine/TiO 2 Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9484-9495. [PMID: 34133148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented visible-light-driven photocatalytic system consisting of Pd nanoparticles stabilized on g-C3N4-imine-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles was discovered for photoassisted hydrogen generation followed by olefin hydrogenation under mild conditions. The structural integrity of the as-synthesized photocatalyst was corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed the nanoscopic nature of the catalyst. The photocatalyst promoted several different transformations in a one-pot reaction sequence: hydrogen evolution through photocatalytic acceptorless formation of benzimidazoles as important therapeutic agents followed by visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of olefins with a high hydrogen utilization efficiency of up to 92% under mild conditions. A significant volume of H2 was produced under blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation during the selective formation of benzimidazole, while the selectivity reduced significantly under a Xe lamp or in the dark. The in situ-generated H2 could be activated by the as-prepared Pd-C3N4-imine/TiO2 photocatalyst to effectively hydrogenate olefins under mild conditions at appropriate time exposed to blue LED irradiation. The light-dependent photocatalytic performance of the title catalyst was assessed using action spectra by calculating the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), which exhibited the maximum AQEs at 410 and 550 nm, at which the highest performance for styrene hydrogenation was obtained. The improved photoredox activity of the title nanohybrid could be caused by the synergistic effects of the heterojunction of carbon nitride-Pd on TiO2 nanoparticles evidenced by photoluminescence spectra and catalytic reactions. The catalyst proved to be air-stable, robust, recyclable, and very active in the absence of any undesirable additives and reducing agents. Thus, this work presents a new protocol for improving the photocatalytic properties of semiconducting materials for various photocatalytic applications under environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maasoumeh Jafarpour
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand 97179-414, Iran.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Fahimeh Feizpour
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand 97179-414, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Rezaeifard
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand 97179-414, Iran
| | - Narges Pourmorteza
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand 97179-414, Iran
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
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5
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Stroyuk OL, Kuchmy SY. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Selective Reductive Transformations of Organic Compounds: a Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-020-09648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Ma D, Zhai S, Wang Y, Liu A, Chen C. Synthetic Approaches for C-N Bonds by TiO 2 Photocatalysis. Front Chem 2019; 7:635. [PMID: 31620428 PMCID: PMC6759479 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds possess the most important status in drug molecules and agricultural chemicals. More than 80% currently used drugs have at least a C-N bond. The green and mild methodology to prepare diverse C-N bonds to replace traditional harsh preparation protocols is always a hotspot in modern synthetic chemistry. TiO2-based nanomaterials, considered as environmentally benign, stable, and powerful photocatalysts, have recently been applied in some certain challenging organic synthesis including construction of useful C-N compounds under mild conditions that are impossible to complete by conventional catalysis. This mini review would present state-of-the-art paragon examples of TiO2 photocatalyzed C-N bond formations. The discussion would be divided into two main sections: (1) N-alkylation of amines and (2) C-N formation in heterocycle synthesis. Especially, the mechanism of TiO2 photocatalytic C-N bond formation through activating alcohol into C=O by photo-induced hole followed by C=NH-R formation and finally hydrogenating C=NH-R into C-N bonds by combination of photo-induced electron/H+ assisted with loaded-Pt would be covered in detail. We believe that the mini-review will bring new insights into TiO2 photocatalysis applied to construct challenging organic compounds through enabling photo-induced hole and electron in a concerted way on coupling two substrate molecules together with respect to their conventionally independent catalysis behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Miyabe H, Kohtani S. Photocatalytic single electron transfer reactions on TiO2 semiconductor. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Stegbauer S, Jeremias N, Jandl C, Bach T. Reversal of reaction type selectivity by Lewis acid coordination: the ortho photocycloaddition of 1- and 2-naphthaldehyde. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8566-8570. [PMID: 31803430 PMCID: PMC6839505 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of a specific substrate class for synthetic applications is greatly enhanced if different types of reactions can be performed selectively upon a judicious choice of reaction conditions. In the present study it was shown that the typical photochemical behaviour of naphthaldehydes is completely altered in the presence of Lewis acids. Without Lewis acids, reactions at the carbonyl group are exclusively observed while Lewis acids facilitate a visible light-mediated cycloaddition at the arene core providing access to products of aromatic C-H functionalization via cyclobutane intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Stegbauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
| | - Noah Jeremias
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 89 28913330
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9
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Recent Developments in the Photocatalytic Treatment of Cyanide Wastewater: An Approach to Remediation and Recovery of Metals. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For gold extraction, the most used extraction technique is the Merrill-Crow process, which uses lixiviants as sodium or potassium cyanide for gold leaching at alkaline conditions. The cyanide ion has an affinity not only for gold and silver, but for other metals in the ores, such as Al, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, and other toxic metals like Hg, As, Cr, Co, Pb, Sn, and Mn. After the extraction stage, the resulting wastewater is concentrated at alkaline conditions with concentrations up to 1000 ppm of metals. Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP) able to generate a photoreaction in the solid surface of a semiconductor activated by light. Although it is well known that photocatalytic processes can remove metals in solution, there are no compilations about the researches on photocatalytic removal of metals in wastewater with cyanide. Hence, this review comprises the existing applications of photocatalytic processes to remove metal and in some cases recover cyanide from recalcitrant wastewater from gold extraction. The use of this process, in general, requires the addition of several scavengers in order to force the mechanism to a pathway where the electrons can be transferred to the metal-cyanide matrices, or elsewhere the entire metallic cyanocomplex can be degraded by an oxidative pathway.
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Ma D, Zhai S, Wang Y, Liu A, Chen C. TiO₂ Photocatalysis for Transfer Hydrogenation. Molecules 2019; 24:E330. [PMID: 30658472 PMCID: PMC6358817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions, based on hydrogen sources other than gaseous H₂, are important processes that are preferential in both laboratories and factories. However, harsh conditions, such as high temperature, are usually required for most transition-metal catalytic and organocatalytic systems. Moreover, non-volatile hydrogen donors such as dihydropyridinedicarboxylate and formic acid are often required in these processes which increase the difficulty in separating products and lowered the whole atom economy. Recently, TiO₂ photocatalysis provides mild and facile access for transfer hydrogenation of C=C, C=O, N=O and C-X bonds by using volatile alcohols and amines as hydrogen sources. Upon light excitation, TiO₂ photo-induced holes have the ability to oxidatively take two hydrogen atoms off alcohols and amines under room temperature. Simultaneously, photo-induced conduction band electrons would combine with these two hydrogen atoms and smoothly hydrogenate multiple bonds and/or C-X bonds. It is heartening that practices and principles in the transfer hydrogenations of substrates containing C=C, C=O, N=O and C-X bond based on TiO₂ photocatalysis have overcome a lot of the traditional thermocatalysis' limitations and flaws which usually originate from high temperature operations. In this review, we will introduce the recent paragon examples of TiO₂ photocatalytic transfer hydrogenations used in (1) C=C and C≡C (2) C=O and C=N (3) N=O substrates and in-depth discuss basic principle, status, challenges and future directions of transfer hydrogenation mediated by TiO₂ photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Ma
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shan Zhai
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Anan Liu
- Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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11
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Kominami H, Shiba M, Hashimoto A, Imai S, Nakanishi K, Tanaka A, Hashimoto K, Imamura K. Titanium(iv) oxide having a copper co-catalyst: a new type of semihydrogenation photocatalyst working efficiently at an elevated temperature under hydrogen-free and poison-free conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19321-19325. [PMID: 29808859 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-loaded titanium(iv) oxide photocatalyst exhibited perfect selectivity in hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes in an alcohol solution at 298 K under hydrogen-free and poison-free conditions. A slight elevation in the reaction temperature to 323 K greatly increased the reaction rate with the selectivity being preserved and the formation of an H2 by-product being suppressed. The apparent activation energy of 4-octyne semihydrogenation was determined to be 54 kJ mol-1, indicating that the rate determining step of this photocatalytic reaction was not an electron production process but a thermocatalytic hydrogenation process under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kominami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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12
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Kohtani S, Kawashima A, Masuda F, Sumi M, Kitagawa Y, Yoshioka E, Hasegawa Y, Miyabe H. Chiral α-hydroxy acid-coadsorbed TiO2 photocatalysts for asymmetric induction in hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12610-12613. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In enantioselective photohydrogenation of aromatic ketones on TiO2, the enantioselectivity is strongly affected by not only chiral reagents but also the crystalline phase, surface structure, and morphology of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kohtani
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Akira Kawashima
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Fumie Masuda
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Momono Sumi
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Eito Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences
- Kobe
- Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Hideto Miyabe
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Hyogo University of Health Sciences
- Kobe
- Japan
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13
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Gan H, Peng L, Gu FL. A DFT study on the mechanism of photoselective catalytic reduction of 4-bromobenzaldehyde in different solvents employing an OH-defected TiO 2 cluster model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27755-27764. [PMID: 28990027 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations are employed to study the mechanism of photoselective catalytic reduction of 4-bromobenzaldehyde (4-BBA) in acetonitrile and in ethanol solvents. A totally relaxed Ti3O9H6 cluster model is proposed to represent titanium dioxide (TiO2) surfaces. The reduction selectivity of an adsorbed 4-BBA molecule on Ti3O9H6 has been investigated. Owing to the difference in the proton and H atom donating capabilities between explicit CH3CN and C2H5OH solvent molecules, the photocatalytic reduction of 4-BBA is the debromination process in acetonitrile, whereas in ethanol it is the carbonyl reduction process. Therefore 4-BBA can be selectively reduced to benzaldehyde in acetonitrile and 4-bromobenzyl alcohol in ethanol, respectively. Our computational results have verified the reaction mechanism proposed by experiments and show that the debromination of 4-BBA would be efficient if both 4-BBA and Ti3O9H6 have an extra photoelectron. The Ti3O9H6 cluster, playing a role as a hydrogen source and a bridge to transfer photoelectrons from bulk TiO2, would have potential to be an ideal molecular model for understanding photocatalytic reactions on the TiO2 surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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14
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15
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Pd/TiO2 doped faujasite photocatalysts for acetophenone transfer hydrogenation in a photocatalytic membrane reactor. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Molinari R, Lavorato C, Argurio P. Recent progress of photocatalytic membrane reactors in water treatment and in synthesis of organic compounds. A review. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Kominami H, Kitagawa SY, Okubo Y, Fukui M, Hashimoto K, Imamura K. Organically modified titania having a metal catalyst: a new type of liquid-phase hydrogen-transfer photocatalyst working under visible light irradiation and H2-free conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16076-9. [PMID: 27198824 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organically modified titania having a metal catalyst (OMTC), 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-modified titania having palladium metal, successfully worked as a hydrogen-transfer (C[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogenation) photocatalyst in the presence of triethanolamine as the hydrogen source under visible light irradiation and hydrogen-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kominami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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18
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Manley DW, Walton JC. Preparative semiconductor photoredox catalysis: An emerging theme in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1570-82. [PMID: 26664577 PMCID: PMC4660884 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous semiconductor photoredox catalysis (SCPC), particularly with TiO2, is evolving to provide radically new synthetic applications. In this review we describe how photoactivated SCPCs can either (i) interact with a precursor that donates an electron to the semiconductor thus generating a radical cation; or (ii) interact with an acceptor precursor that picks up an electron with production of a radical anion. The radical cations of appropriate donors convert to neutral radicals usually by loss of a proton. The most efficient donors for synthetic purposes contain adjacent functional groups such that the neutral radicals are resonance stabilized. Thus, ET from allylic alkenes and enol ethers generated allyl type radicals that reacted with 1,2-diazine or imine co-reactants to yield functionalized hydrazones or benzylanilines. SCPC with tertiary amines enabled electron-deficient alkenes to be alkylated and furoquinolinones to be accessed. Primary amines on their own led to self-reactions involving C-N coupling and, with terminal diamines, cyclic amines were produced. Carboxylic acids were particularly fruitful affording C-centered radicals that alkylated alkenes and took part in tandem addition cyclizations producing chromenopyrroles; decarboxylative homo-dimerizations were also observed. Acceptors initially yielding radical anions included nitroaromatics and aromatic iodides. The latter led to hydrodehalogenations and cyclizations with suitable precursors. Reductive SCPC also enabled electron-deficient alkenes and aromatic aldehydes to be hydrogenated without the need for hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Manley
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - John C Walton
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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19
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Theoretical and experimental investigation into photoelectrocatalytic oxidation and reduction property of ZnFeTi mixed metal oxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Photohydrogenation of Acetophenone Using Coumarin Dye-Sensitized Titanium Dioxide under Visible Light Irradiation. Catalysts 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/catal5031417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Munir S, Dionysiou DD, Khan SB, Shah SM, Adhikari B, Shah A. Development of photocatalysts for selective and efficient organic transformations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:209-222. [PMID: 25974905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals of organic chemists is to find easy, environmentally friendly, and cost effective methods for the synthesis of industrially important compounds. Photocatalysts have brought revolution in this regard as they make use of unlimited source of energy (the solar light) to carry out the synthesis of organic compounds having otherwise complex synthetic procedures. However, selectivity of the products has been a major issue since the beginning of photocatalysis. The present article encompasses state of the art accomplishments in harvesting light energy for selective organic transformations using photocatalysts. Several approaches for the development of photocatalysts for selective organic conversions have been critically discussed with the objective of developing efficient, selective, environmental friendly and high yield photocatalytic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bimalendu Adhikari
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada.
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22
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Molinari A, Maldotti A, Amadelli R. Probing the role of surface energetics of electrons and their accumulation in photoreduction processes on TiO₂. Chemistry 2014; 20:7759-65. [PMID: 24829086 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We address the role of the energetics of photogenerated electrons in the reduction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde on TiO2. This model molecule bears two functional groups featuring different reducibilities. Electrochemistry shows that reduction to 4-aminobenzyl alcohol occurs in entirely distinct potential ranges. Partial reduction of the -NO2 group, affording 4-aminobenzaldehyde, takes place through surface states at potentials positive of the flatband potential (E(fb)). Dark currents caused by reduction of the aldehyde group are observed only at potentials more negative than E(fb), and the process requires an electron accumulation regime. Photocatalysis with TiO2 suspensions agrees with the electrochemical data. In particular, reduction of the nitro group is a relatively fast process (k=0.059 s(-1)), whereas that of the aldehyde group is slower (k=0.001 s(-1)) and requires electron photoaccumulation. Control of the photogenerated charge is a prospective means for achieving chemoselective reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Molinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0532240709.
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23
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Kohtani S, Kamoi Y, Yoshioka E, Miyabe H. Kinetic study on photocatalytic hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives on titanium dioxide. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Kohtani S, Nishioka S, Yoshioka E, Miyabe H. Dye-sensitized photo-hydrogenation of aromatic ketones on titanium dioxide under visible light irradiation. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Imamura K, Okubo Y, Ito T, Tanaka A, Hashimoto K, Kominami H. Photocatalytic hydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes in alcoholic suspensions of palladium-loaded titanium(iv) oxide without the use of hydrogen gas. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Styrene was successfully hydrogenated to ethylbenzene in alcoholic suspensions of a Pd–TiO2 photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Imamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Kinki University
- Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Okubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Kinki University
- Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Kinki University
- Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Kinki University
- Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Kinki University
- Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kominami
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Kinki University
- Higashiosaka, Japan
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26
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Yuzawa H, Yoshida H. Direct Functionalization of Aromatic Rings on Platinum-loaded Titanium Oxide Photocatalyst. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University
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27
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Ke X, Sarina S, Zhao J, Zhang X, Chang J, Zhu H. Tuning the reduction power of supported gold nanoparticle photocatalysts for selective reductions by manipulating the wavelength of visible light irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3509-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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