Palladium nanoparticle supported on metal–organic framework derived N-decorated nanoporous carbon as an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki coupling reaction

Opportunities from Metal Organic Frameworks to Develop Porous Carbons Catalysts Involved in Fine Chemical Synthesis

In the last decade, MOFs have been proposed as precursors of functional porous carbons with enhanced catalytic performances by comparison with other traditional carbonaceous catalysts. This area is rapidly growing mainly because of the great structural diversity of MOFs offering almost infinite possibilities. MOFs can be considered as ideal platforms to prepare porous carbons with highly dispersed metallic species or even single-metal atoms under strictly controlled thermal conditions. This review briefly summarizes synthetic strategies to prepare MOFs and MOF-derived porous carbons. The main focus relies on the application of the MOF-derived porous carbons to fine chemical synthesis. Among the most explored reactions, the oxidation and reduction reactions are highlighted, although some examples of coupling and multicomponent reactions are also presented. However, the application of this type of catalyst in the green synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds through cascade reactions is still a challenge.

Synthesis of various dimensional metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their hybrid composites for emerging applications - A review

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) represent the organic and inorganic hybrid porous materials. MOFs are low dense and highly porous materials which in turn provide large surface area that can accumulate and store numerous molecules within the pores. The pore size may also act as a mesh to separate molecules. The porous nature of MOFs is beneficial for altering the intrinsic properties of the materials. Over the past decade, different types of hybrid MOFs have been reported in combination with polymers, carbon materials, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and biomolecules for various applications. MOFs have also been used in the fabrication of electronic devices, sensors, energy storage, gas separation, supercapacitors, drug delivery and environmental clean-up. In this review, the unique structural orientation, exceptional properties and recent applications of MOFs have been discussed in the first section along with their porosity, stability and other influencing factors. In addition, various methods and techniques involved in the synthesis and designing of MOFs such as solvothermal, electrochemical, mechanochemical, ultrasonication and microwave methods are highlighted. In order to understand the scientific feasibility of MOFs in developing new products, various strategies have been applied to obtain different dimensional MOFs (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) and their composite materials are also been conferred. Finally, the future prospects of MOFs, remaining challenges, research gaps and possible solutions that need to be addressed by advanced experimental design, computational models, simulation techniques and theoretical concepts have been deliberated.

PdAu alloy nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon black as highly active catalysts for Ullmann coupling and nitrophenol hydrogenation reactions

Noble metal-based catalysts have been proven to be active for catalytic organic reactions. The selectivity and conversion can be improved by integration with proper carrier materials, and further modulated by tuning the composition as well as the electronic structure of the active noble metals. Compared with unsupported monometallic catalysts, the synergistic interactions between neighboring metals and the combined effects between the carrier materials and the active components often give rise to positive influences on the enhancement of the catalytic efficiency and selectivity. In this work, we report a facile process for the fabrication of nitrogen-doped carbon black (NCB) supported PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with a uniform dispersion and narrow size distribution. The PdAu/NCB catalyst with a Pd/Au mole ratio of 1/1 shows the highest activity towards both Ullmann coupling reactions of aryl halides and the hydrogenation reaction of nitrophenols. Moreover, this bimetallic catalyst also exhibits a superior recycling durability to that of monometallic Pd/NCB and Au/NCB catalysts. The enhanced catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalyst is mainly due to the large BET specific surface area (125.45 m2 g-1) and the synergy between the individual components of the catalyst.

Palladium catalyst imbedded in polymers of intrinsic microporosity for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are porous polymers with rigid ladder-type chain structures. Synthesizing these polymers usually involves the step polymerization of two types of monomer, namely, active fluorine-substituted aromatic ring monomers and phenolic monomers. Herein, we report a new PIMs preparation method using self-synthesized fluorinated monomers and common monomer 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl spirobisindane. The fluorinated monomers were synthesized through the imidization of tetrafluorophthalic anhydride and aromatic diamines. The resulting PIMs served as a support for palladium, with the formed catalyst showing potential for application in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.

High catalytic activity of a bimetallic AgPd alloy supported on UiO-66 derived porous carbon for transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes using formic acid-formate as the hydrogen source

The Ag₁Pd₉@NPC-UiO-66 catalyst was fabricated and exhibited extraordinary catalytic activity toward the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines at room temperature.

Synthesis of Fe/M (M = Mn, Co, Ni) bimetallic metal organic frameworks and their catalytic activity for phenol degradation under mild conditions

Results show that the incorporation of Mn can significantly promote the catalytic process, Co exhibits no obviously favorable behavior, and Ni presents an apparently inhibitory impact.

Synthesis and catalytic applications of palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as efficient pre-catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions

A new palladium complex series with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), pyridine and phosphine ligands, PdCl₂(L)NHC (2a–c)(L = NHC), PdCl₂(L¹)NHC(3a–c)(L¹ = pyridine), PdCl₂(L²)NHC(4a–c)(L² = triphenylphosphine) was synthesised and fully characterized.

The influence of carbon surface chemistry on supported palladium nanoparticles in heterogeneous reactions

The surface chemistry of nanocarbon support can tailor chemical properties of precious metal nanoparticle/nanocarbon hybrid catalyst in heterogeneous reactions. We report on modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) support with ionic liquid-derived carbonaceous surface for palladium nanoparticle (Pd NPs) decoration and their actions in different heterogeneous reactions. The surface chemistry of support materials was characterized in detail, and the influence of which on the formation and distribution of metal particles was further investigated. Three different types of reactions including Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, CO oxidation and phenol reduction were examined in terms of reactivity and selectivity. The roles of substituted nitrogen in graphitic lattice and grafted groups on the carbon surface were exploited. Nitrogen-doping can give rise to changes in electronic properties of supported metals, and the Lewis basicity of the doped nitrogen atoms can favor the adsorption of acidic reactants in phenol reduction. The grafted groups derived a negative impact to the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, due to the involvement of larger reactant molecules, despite that they could prevent significant sintering of Pd NPs in the CO oxidation.

Pd nanoparticles deposited on Isoniazid grafted multi walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization and application for Suzuki reaction in aqueous media

The prepared Isoniazide-MWCNTs were used to deposition of Pd NPs as novel nanocatalyst. The catalyst showed high activity in Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl halides (X = I, Br, Cl).

Palladium nanoparticles embedded in metal–organic framework derived porous carbon: synthesis and application for efficient Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions

An efficient Pd catalyst supported on novel nanoporous carbon was developed for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The prepared catalyst can be readily recovered and reused 5 times without significant loss of catalytic activity.