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Berniak T, Łątka P, Drozdek M, Rokicińska A, Jaworski A, Leyva-Pérez A, Kuśtrowski P. Covalent bonding of N-hydroxyphthalimide on mesoporous silica for catalytic aerobic oxidation of p-xylene at atmospheric pressure. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300631. [PMID: 38375758 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The surface of SBA-15 mesoporous silica was modified by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) moieties acting as immobilized active species for aerobic oxidation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The incorporation was carried out by four original approaches: the grafting-from and grafting-onto techniques, using the presence of surface silanols enabling the formation of particularly stable O-Si-C bonds between the silica support and the organic modifier. The strategies involving the Heck coupling led to the formation of NHPI groups separated from the SiO2 surface by a vinyl linker, while one of the developed modification paths based on the grafting of an appropriate organosilane coupling agent resulted in the active phase devoid of this structural element. The successful course of the synthesis was verified by FTIR and 1H NMR measurements. Furthermore, the formed materials were examined in terms of their chemical composition (elemental analysis, thermal analysis), structure of surface groups (13C NMR, XPS), porosity (low-temperature N2 adsorption), and tested as catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of p-xylene at atmospheric pressure. The highest conversion and selectivity to p-toluic acid were achieved using the catalyst with enhanced availability of non-hydrolyzed NHPI groups in the pore system. The catalytic stability of the material was additionally confirmed in several subsequent reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Berniak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Łątka
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Drozdek
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rokicińska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV - CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Selective Aerobic Oxidation of P-Methoxytoluene by Co(II)-Promoted NHPI Incorporated into Cross-Linked Copolymer Structure. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide series of copolymer materials with various contents of 4-vinyl-diisopropyl-phtalate ester (10–90 mol%), divinylbenzene (1–11 mol%) and styrene, as monomers, were obtained by radical copolymerization. In the last steps of the synthesis, diisopropyl ester functionalities were converted into the form of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) rings. The obtained materials with the NHPI groups immobilized in the copolymer structure were studied by various physicochemical techniques, including FT-IR, UV-Vis-DR, XPS, elemental analysis, and tested as catalysts in aerobic oxidation of p-methoxytoluene in the presence of Co(II) acetate co-catalyst. Conversion of the aromatic substrate was correlated with the NHPI content and cross-linking degree. The best catalytic performance (conversions higher than 23%) was achieved for the copolymer catalysts containing 60% and 30% of 4-vinyl-diisopropyl-phtalate ester. At too high concentrations of NHPI and DVB, some of the NHPI groups were transformed into inactive (C=O)-N=O species or not available due to embedding inside the copolymer structure. The mechanism of the process involving both NHPI centers, forming phthalimide N-oxyl (PINO) radicals, and Co(II) cations was discussed. Stability of the developed catalysts was also tested. The opening of imide rings took place during the catalytic process, resulting in the formation of carboxyl groups and the release of hydroxylamine molecules. The deactivated catalyst could be easily regenerated by repeating two last steps of closing imide ring.
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Selective aerobic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde catalyzed by covalently anchored N-hydroxyphthalimide and cobaltous ions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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N-Hydroxyphthalimide on a Polystyrene Support Coated with Co(II)-Containing Ionic Liquid as a New Catalytic System for Solvent-Free Ethylbenzene Oxidation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of ethylbenzene using dioxygen was carried out applying a new catalytic system—heterogeneous N-hydroxyphthalimide (PS-NHPI) coated with an ionic liquid containing CoCl2. The catalytic system represents a combination of solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) and supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) techniques, wherein the resulting system utilizes CoCl2 dissolved in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulphate ([emim)][OcOSO3]) ionic liquid phase that is layered onto the solid catalyst support. PS-NHPI was obtained by immobilizing N-hydroxyphthalimide on chloromethyl polystyrene resins by ester bonds. It was observed that novel SCILL/SILP systems significantly improved the selectivity toward acetophenone. We also demonstrate that these systems can be separated from the reaction mixture and recycled without appreciably reducing its activity and selectivity.
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An Improved Catalytic Performance of Fe(III)-promoted NHPI in the Oxidation of Hydrocarbons to Hydroperoxides. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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N-Hydroxyphthalimide Supported on Silica Coated with Ionic Liquids Containing CoCl2 (SCILLs) as New Catalytic System for Solvent-Free Ethylbenzene Oxidation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Hydroxyphthalimide was immobilized via ester bond on commercially available silica gel (SiOCONHPI) and then coated with various ionic liquids containing dissolved CoCl2 (SiOCONHPI@CoCl2@IL). New catalysts were characterized by means of FT IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, SEM and TGA analysis and used in ethylbenzene oxidation with oxygen under mild solvent-free conditions (80 °C, 0.1 MPa). High catalytic activity of SiOCONHPI was proved. In comparison to a non-catalytic reaction, a two-fold increase in conversion of ethylbenzene was observed (from 4.7% to 8.6%). Coating of SiOCONHPI with [bmim][OcOSO3], [bmim][Cl] and [bmim][CF3SO3] containing CoCl2 enabled to increase the catalytic activity in relation to systems in which IL and CoCl2 were added directly to reaction mixture. The highest conversion of ethylbenzene was obtained while SiOCONHPI@CoCl2@[bmim][OcOSO3] were used (12.1%). Catalysts recovery and reuse was also studied.
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Opeida IA, Sheparovych RB, Hrynda YM, Khavunko OY, Kompanets MO, Shendryk AN. Kinetics of oxidation of benzyl alcohols with molecular oxygen catalyzed by
N
‐hydroxyphthalimide: Role of hydroperoxyl radicals. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Opeida
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
- Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University Vinnytsia Ukraine
| | - R. B. Sheparovych
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - Yu. M. Hrynda
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - O. Yu. Khavunko
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCCNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Lviv Ukraine
| | - M. O. Kompanets
- L. M.Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” Kyiv Ukraine
| | - A. N. Shendryk
- Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University Vinnytsia Ukraine
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