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Chen Y, Li Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Lei YZ. Facile Construction of Carboxyl-Functionalized Ionic Polymer towards Synergistic Catalytic Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide into Cyclic Carbonates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810879. [PMID: 36142788 PMCID: PMC9506212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bifunctional ionic polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for effective, cocatalyst- and metal-free cycloaddition of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates has attracted increasing attention. However, facile fabrication of such polymers having high numbers of ionic active sites, suitable types of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), and controlled spatial positions of dual active sites remains a challenging task. Herein, imidazolium-based ionic polymers with hydroxyl/carboxyl groups and high ionic density were facilely prepared by a one-pot quaternization reaction. Catalytic evaluation demonstrated that the presence of HBDs (hydroxyl or carboxyl) could enhance the catalytic activities of ionic polymers significantly toward the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. Among the prepared catalysts, carboxyl-functionalized ionic polymer (PIMBr-COOH) displayed the highest catalytic activity (94% yield) in the benchmark cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epichlorohydrin, which was higher than hydroxyl-functionalized ionic polymer (PIMBr-OH, 76% yield), and far exceeded ionic polymer without HBDs groups (PIMBr, 54% yield). Furthermore, PIMBr-COOH demonstrated good recyclability and wide substrate tolerance. Under ambient CO2 pressure, a number of epoxides were smoothly cycloadded into cyclic carbonates. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculation verified the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between epoxide and the HBDs of ionic polymers. Furthermore, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the synergistic effect between carboxyl and Br− functionalities. Thus, a facile, one-pot synthetic strategy for the construction of bifunctional ionic polymers was developed for CO2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China
| | - Zaifei Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China
| | - Yi-Zhu Lei
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China
- Correspondence:
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Bezerra WDA, Milani JLS, Franco CHDJ, Martins FT, de Fátima Â, da Mata ÁFA, das Chagas RP. Bis-benzimidazolium salts as bifunctional organocatalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Utilization of CO2-Available Organocatalysts for Reactions with Industrially Important Epoxides. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent knowledge in chemistry has enabled the material utilization of greenhouse gas (CO2) for the production of organic carbonates using mild reaction conditions. Organic carbonates, especially cyclic carbonates, are applicable as green solvents, electrolytes in batteries, feedstock for fine chemicals and monomers for polycarbonate production. This review summarizes new developments in the ring opening of epoxides with subsequent CO2-based formation of cyclic carbonates. The review highlights recent and major developments for sustainable CO2 conversion from 2000 to the end of 2021 abstracted by Web of Science. The syntheses of epoxides, especially from bio-based raw materials, will be summarized, such as the types of raw material (vegetable oils or their esters) and the reaction conditions. The aim of this review is also to summarize and to compare the types of homogeneous non-metallic catalysts. The three reaction mechanisms for cyclic carbonate formation are presented, namely activation of the epoxide ring, CO2 activation and dual activation. Usually most effective catalysts described in the literature consist of powerful sources of nucleophile such as onium salt, of hydrogen bond donors and of tertiary amines used to combine epoxide activation for facile epoxide ring opening and CO2 activation for the subsequent smooth addition reaction and ring closure. The most active catalytic systems are capable of activating even internal epoxides such as epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid derivatives for the cycloaddition of CO2 under relatively mild conditions. In case of terminal epoxides such as epichlorohydrin, the effective utilization of diluted sources of CO2 such as flue gas is possible using the most active organocatalysts even at ambient pressure.
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Wan YL, Zhang Z, Ding C, Wen L. Facile construction of bifunctional porous ionic polymers for efficient and metal-free catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tan J, Wang L, Hu YL. Multifunctional Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Supported Benzotriazolium Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Synergistic Transformation of CO
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to Cyclic Carbonates. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materialsChina Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei province P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materialsChina Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei province P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin Hu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of inorganic nonmetallic crystalline and energy conversion materialsChina Three Gorges University Yichang 443002, Hubei province P. R. China
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Comès A, Fiorilli S, Aprile C. Multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts highly performing in the conversion of carbon dioxide: Mechanistic insights. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dominelli B, Roberts GM, Jandl C, Fischer PJ, Reich RM, Pöthig A, Correia JDG, Kühn FE. Dinuclear zwitterionic silver(i) and gold(i) complexes bearing 2,2-acetate-bridged bisimidazolylidene ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14036-14043. [PMID: 31490498 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four novel dinuclear Ag(i) and Au(i) NHC complexes bearing two 2,2-acetate-bridged bisimidazolylidene ligands (R = Me and iPr) of zwitterionic and metallacyclic forms are reported. The functionalized methylene bridge of the ligands leads to water soluble complexes, which have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction in the case of La-H2-PF6, Ag2(La)2, Ag2(Lb)2 and Au2(La)2. Dimerization processes caused by hydrogen bonding or Ag(i)-carboxylate interactions in the solid state were observed for La-H2-PF6 and Ag2(La)2. DOSY NMR experiments confirmed that both bisimidazolium salts appear as dimers in aqueous solutions, in contrast to the corresponding monomeric Ag(i) and Au(i) complexes. Both gold(i) complexes form syn- and anti-isomers analogous to the reference coinage metal-based complexes. Protonation studies of the syn-isomer gold(i) complex Au2(La)2 were successful, whereas post-modification esterification or amidation reactions were not feasible. Additionally, decarboxylation reactions (thermally induced Krapcho- or oxidative Hunsdiecker-type) of the bisimidazolium salts were observed. Thus, the proximity of the carboxyl moiety to imidazolium/imidazolylidene rings seems to negatively affect stability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dominelli
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Gerri M Roberts
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Pauline J Fischer
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Robert M Reich
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional N° 10 (km 139, 7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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