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Abstract
Hydrogen is considered one of the energy carriers of the future due to its high mass-based calorific value. Hydrogen combustion generates only water, and it can be used directly as a fuel for electricity/heat generation. Nowadays, about 95% of the hydrogen is produced via conversion of fossil fuels. One of the future challenges is to find processes based on a renewable source to produce hydrogen in a sustainable way. Bioethanol is a promising candidate, since it can be obtained from the fermentation of biomasses, and easily converted into hydrogen via steam catalytic reforming. The correct design of catalysts and catalytic supports plays a crucial role in the optimization of this reaction. The best results have to date been achieved by noble metals, but their high costs make them unsuitable for industrial application. Very satisfactory results have also been achieved by using nickel and cobalt as active metals. Furthermore, it has been found that the support physical and chemical properties strongly affect the catalytic performance. In this review, zeolitic materials used for the ethanol steam reforming reaction are overviewed. We discuss thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms and the role of active metal, as well as the main noble and non-noble active compounds involved in ethanol steam reforming reaction. Finally, an overview of the zeolitic supports reported in the literature that can be profitably used to produce hydrogen through ethanol steam reforming is presented.
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Sun S, Barnes AJ, Gong X, Lewis RJ, Dummer NF, Bere T, Shaw G, Richards N, Morgan DJ, Hutchings GJ. Lanthanum modified Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites for selective methane oxidation with H 2O 2. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum modified Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst can both increase selective methane oxidation performance and decrease H2O2 consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Sun
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Alexandra J. Barnes
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Xiaoxiao Gong
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing 100086, P.R. China
| | - Richard J. Lewis
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nicholas F. Dummer
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Takudzwa Bere
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Greg Shaw
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nia Richards
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - David J. Morgan
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis FUNCAT, Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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The Effect of Zeolite Features on the Dehydration Reaction of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether: Catalytic Behaviour and Kinetics. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235577. [PMID: 33297548 PMCID: PMC7730933 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) is an important step in the production of chemical intermediate because it is possible to prepare it by direct hydrogenation of CO2. This paper reports the effect of different zeolitic frameworks (such as: BEA, EUO, FER, MFI, MOR, MTW, TON) on methanol conversion, DME selectivity and catalyst deactivation. The effect of crystal size, Si/Al ratio and acidity of the investigated catalysts have been also studied. Finally, the kinetic parameters (such as: ∆H, ∆S and ∆G) have been evaluated together with pre-exponential factor and activation energy for catalysts with FER and MFI structure topology.
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CuZnZr-Zeolite Hybrid Grains for DME Synthesis: New Evidence on the Role of Metal-Acidic Features on the Methanol Conversion Step. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of the catalytic performance of “hybrid” metal/zeolite catalysts (based on FER or MFI structure and CuZnZr metal complexes) in the methanol dehydration step to DME has been studied in this work. The results clearly show that there is an important effect of the interaction between metal and acid sites affecting the acid catalyst performances. Additionally, deactivation, studied by means of a Timo-on-Stream (TOS) test, was affected by the type of zeolite structure used for hybrid catalyst preparation. The decrease in DME selectivity can be attributed to the cooperation of metal and acid sites in the production of different compounds (mainly methyl formate and dimethoxy methane) converting methanol and DME. The presence of these compounds (indicating different reaction pathways active) was found to be dependent on the zeolite structure and on the type of co-precipitation medium (water or ethanol) used to prepare the hybrid catalyst.
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Campisi S, Galloni MG, Marchetti SG, Auroux A, Postole G, Gervasini A. Functionalized Iron Hydroxyapatite as Eco‐friendly Catalyst for NH
3
‐SCR Reaction: Activity and Role of Iron Speciation on the Surface. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Campisi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via Camillo Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Melissa G. Galloni
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via Camillo Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Sergio G. Marchetti
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Procesos Catalíticos CINDECA (UNLP-CONICET) Calle 47 N°. 257 La Plata C.P. 1900 Argentina
| | - Aline Auroux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON Villeurbanne F-69626 France
| | - Georgeta Postole
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON Villeurbanne F-69626 France
| | - Antonella Gervasini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via Camillo Golgi 19 Milano 20133 Italy
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Abstract
Liquid-phase selective oxidation of methane into methane oxygenates, including methanol and formic acid, with molecular oxygen was investigated using Fe-zeolites and Pd/activated carbon in the presence of molecular hydrogen as a reducing agent. Various Fe-zeolites such as Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-mordenite, Fe-β, Fe-Y, and Fe-ferrierite were prepared by ion-exchange and compared for this reaction. Among them, Fe-ZSM-5 was selected for further study because this catalyst showed high activity in the selective oxidation of methane with relatively less leaching. Further, the effect of reaction temperature, pH, and the amount of catalyst was examined, and detailed investigations revealed that the leached Fe species, which were facilitated in the presence of acid, were mainly responsible for methane oxidation under the given reaction conditions.
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7
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Diallo MM, Laforge S, Pouilloux Y, Mijoin J. Highly Efficient Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein Over Isomorphously Substituted Fe-MFI Zeolites. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lanzafame P, Papanikolaou G, Perathoner S, Centi G, Migliori M, Catizzone E, Aloise A, Giordano G. Direct versus acetalization routes in the reaction network of catalytic HMF etherification. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The etherification of HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) to EMF (5-(ethoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde) is studied over a series of MFI-type zeolite catalysts containing different heteroatoms (B, Fe, Al), aiming to understand the effect of different isomorph substitutions in the MFI framework on the reaction pathways of HMF conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lanzafame
- Departments of ChiBioFarAm and MIFT- Section of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Messina
- ERIC aisbl and CASPE-INSTM
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - G. Papanikolaou
- Departments of ChiBioFarAm and MIFT- Section of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Messina
- ERIC aisbl and CASPE-INSTM
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - S. Perathoner
- Departments of ChiBioFarAm and MIFT- Section of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Messina
- ERIC aisbl and CASPE-INSTM
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - G. Centi
- Departments of ChiBioFarAm and MIFT- Section of Industrial Chemistry
- University of Messina
- ERIC aisbl and CASPE-INSTM
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - M. Migliori
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
| | - E. Catizzone
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
| | - A. Aloise
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
| | - G. Giordano
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende
- Italy
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Li B, Wu N, Wu K, Liu J, Han C, Li X. Bimetallic V and Ti incorporated MCM-41 molecular sieves and their catalytic properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13600d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
V and Ti atoms incorporated into the framework of MCM-41 in the form of tetrahedral coordination with excellent catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Naijin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Chunying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xianfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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Forde MM, Armstrong RD, McVicker R, Wells PP, Dimitratos N, He Q, Lu L, Jenkins RL, Hammond C, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Kiely CJ, Hutchings GJ. Light alkane oxidation using catalysts prepared by chemical vapour impregnation: tuning alcohol selectivity through catalyst pre-treatment. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat treating Fe/ZSM-5 under hydrogen leads to high dispersion of Fe species and higher alcohol selectivity in the oxidation of alkanes, as compared to oxygen treated catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Forde
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Rebecca McVicker
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem, USA
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem, USA
| | - Robert L. Jenkins
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
| | - Ceri Hammond
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff, UK
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Baďurová E, Raabová K, Bulánek R. One-pot synthesis of iron doped mesoporous silica catalyst for propane ammoxidation. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3897-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Ates A. Influence of treatment conditions on decomposition activity of N2O over FeZSM-5 with high iron content. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Raabová K, Bad'urová E, Bulánek R, Eloy P, Gaigneaux EM. Structural changes in FeMFI during its activation for the direct ammoxidation of propane. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Dutta B, Jana S, Bhattacharjee A, Gütlich P, Iijima SI, Koner S. γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle in NaY-zeolite matrix: Preparation, characterization, and heterogeneous catalytic epoxidation of olefins. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Zecchina A, Rivallan M, Berlier G, Lamberti C, Ricchiardi G. Structure and nuclearity of active sites in Fe-zeolites: comparison with iron sites in enzymes and homogeneous catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3483-99. [PMID: 17612716 DOI: 10.1039/b703445h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe-ZSM-5 and Fe-silicalite zeolites efficiently catalyse several oxidation reactions which find close analogues in the oxidation reactions catalyzed by homogeneous and enzymatic compounds. The iron centres are highly dispersed in the crystalline matrix and on highly diluted samples, mononuclear and dinuclear structures are expected to become predominant. The crystalline and robust character of the MFI framework has allowed to hypothesize that the catalytic sites are located in well defined crystallographic positions. For this reason these catalysts have been considered as the closest and best defined heterogeneous counterparts of heme and non heme iron complexes and of Fenton type Fe(2+) homogeneous counterparts. On this basis, an analogy with the methane monooxygenase has been advanced several times. In this review we have examined the abundant literature on the subject and summarized the most widely accepted views on the structure, nuclearity and catalytic activity of the iron species. By comparing the results obtained with the various characterization techniques, we conclude that Fe-ZSM-5 and Fe-silicalite are not the ideal samples conceived before and that many types of species are present, some active and some other silent from adsorptive and catalytic point of view. The relative concentration of these species changes with thermal treatments, preparation procedures and loading. Only at lowest loadings the catalytically active species become the dominant fraction of the iron species. On the basis of the spectroscopic titration of the active sites by using NO as a probe, we conclude that the active species on very diluted samples are isolated and highly coordinatively unsaturated Fe(2+) grafted to the crystalline matrix. Indication of the constant presence of a smaller fraction of Fe(2+) presumably located on small clusters is also obtained. The nitrosyl species formed upon dosing NO from the gas phase on activated Fe-ZSM-5 and Fe-silicalite, have been analyzed in detail and the similarities and differences with the cationic, heme and non heme homogeneous counterparts have been evidenced. The same has been done for the oxygen species formed by N(2)O decomposition on isolated sites, whose properties are more similar to those of the (FeO)(2+) in cationic complexes (included the [(H(2)O)(5)FeO](2+)"brown ring" complex active in Fenton reaction) than to those of ferryl groups in heme and non heme counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Zecchina
- Università di Torino, NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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Nakamura S, Sugimoto H, Ohwada T. Formation of 4H-1,2-benzoxazines by intramolecular cyclization of nitroalkanes. Scope of aromatic oxygen-functionalization reaction involving a nitro oxygen atom and mechanistic insights. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1724-32. [PMID: 17249674 DOI: 10.1021/ja067682w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we deal with the scope and mechanism of the strong Brønsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reaction of methyl 3-aryl-2-nitropropionates to give 4H-1,2-benzoxazines. This reaction can be regarded as an oxygen functionalization of the aromatic ring wherein the oxygen atom is derived from the nitro group in the molecule, and it is favored by the presence of electron-withdrawing groups on the benzene ring. The reaction rate is strongly influenced by the acidity of the reaction medium, and the methyl ester group on the alpha-carbon atom with respect to the nitro group facilitates deprotonation at the alpha-position to give aci-nitro species in situ. Some correlation was found between the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents on benzene, represented in terms of Hammett's sigma p value of the substituents, and the rate of disappearance of the starting substrate leading to the product in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA)/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) medium. This would be because the acidity of the alpha-proton with respect to the nitro group is influenced by the substituents on the benzene ring. Experimentally, we excluded the 6pi electrocyclization mechanism involving deprotonation of the benzyl proton of the protonated aci-nitro species. Alternative cyclization mechanisms involving equilibrating monocationic aci-nitro species bearing O-protonated ester carbonyl group and O-protonated aci-nitro species were calculated to be highly energetically unfavorable. Diprotonated or protosolvative species can reduce the activation energy significantly, and this is consistent with the observed acidity-dependent nature of the cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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