Fe2O3/Al2O3 catalysts for the N2O decomposition in the nitric acid industry

Solid Fe Resources Separated from Rolling Oil Sludge for CO Oxidation

The efficient recycling of valuable resources from rolling oil sludge (ROS) to gain new uses remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we reported the recycling of solid Fe resources from ROS by a catalytic hydrogenation technique and its catalytic performance for CO oxidation. The solid Fe resources, after calcination in air (Fe2O3-H), exhibited comparable activity to those prepared by the calcinations of ferric nitrate (Fe2O3-C), suggesting that the solid resources have excellent recycling value when used as raw materials for CO oxidation catalyst preparation. Further studies to improve the catalytic performance by supporting the materials on high surface area 13X zeolite and by pretreating the materials with CO atmosphere, showed that the CO pretreatment greatly improved the CO oxidation activity and the best activity was achieved on the 20 wt.%Fe2O3-H/13X sample with complete CO conversion at 250 °C. CO pretreatment could produce more oxygen vacancies, facilitating O2 activation, and thus accelerate the CO oxidation reaction rate. The excellent reducibility and sufficient O2 adsorption amount were also favorable for its performance. The recycling of solid Fe resources from ROS is quite promising for CO oxidation applications.

High-Temperature Abatement of N2O over FeOx/CeO2-Al2O3 Catalysts: The Effects of Oxygen Mobility

CeO2-Al2O3 oxides prepared by co-precipitation (Ce+Al) or CeOx precipitation onto Al2O3 (Ce/Al) to obtain dispersed CeO2 and samples with further supported FeOx (2.5–9.9 weight% in terms of Fe) were characterized by XRD, XPS, DDPA and Raman. Fe/Ce/Al samples with lower surface concentrations of Fe3+ were substantially more active in N2O decomposition at 700–900 0C. It was related to higher oxygen mobility, as estimated from 16O/18O exchange experiments and provided by preferential exposing of (Fe-)Ce oxides. Stabilization of some Ce as isolated Ce3+ in Fe-Ce-Al mixed oxides dominating in the bulk and surface layers of Fe/(Ce + Al) samples retards the steps responsible for fast additional oxygen transfer to the sites of O2 desorption.

Investigation of Co3O4 and LaCoO3 Interaction by Performing N2O Decomposition Tests under Co3O4-CoO Transition Temperature

The research presented in this paper addresses the question: How does the addition of a small amount of LaCoO3 impact the activity of a Co3O4 catalyst? By testing such a catalyst in N2O decomposition under conditions at which the thermal decomposition of Co3O4 to CoO is possible, one gains unique insight into how the two phases interact. The activity of such a catalyst increases in the entire studied temperature range, unlike the activity of the undoped cobalt catalyst which is lower at 850 °C than at 800 °C due to the reduction of Co3O4 to CoO. XRD measurements showed that CoO was also the main cobalt oxide present in the Co3.5La catalyst after operating at 850 °C, as did the XPS measurements, but there was no drop of activity associated with this change. The influence of NO, O2 and H2O on the activity of the new catalyst, Co3.5La, was determined. Lack of positive effect of NO, a known oxygen scavenger, on the activity was noticed at all temperatures, showing that the effect of LaCoO3 is probably due to increased oxygen desorption. Temperature programed oxidation (TPO) tests showed that the beneficial effects of the presence of LaCoO3 on the activity of cobalt oxide at 850 °C were probably caused by enhanced diffusion of O2− anions through the entire catalyst, which facilitates desorption of oxygen molecules from the surface.

Two-Stage Catalytic Abatement of N2O Emission in Nitric Acid Plants

Different variants for abatement of N2O emission from nitric acid plants with the use of catalysts developed at Łukasiewicz-INS were analyzed. Activity tests on a pilot scale confirmed the high activity of the studied catalysts. A two-stage catalytic abatement of N2O emission in nitric acid plants was proposed: by high-temperature decomposition in the nitrous gases stream (HT-deN2O) and low-temperature decomposition in the tail gas stream (LT-deN2O). The selection of the optimal variant for abatement of N2O emission depends on the individual characteristics of the nitric acid plant: ammonia oxidation parameters, construction of ammonia oxidation reactor and temperature of the tail gas upstream of the expansion turbine. It was shown that the combination of both deN2O technologies, taking into account their technological constraints (dimensions of the catalyst bed), allows for a greater abatement of N2O emission, than the use of only one technology. This solution may be economically advantageous regarding the high prices of CO2 emission allowances.

FeOx/Al2O3 catalysts for high-temperature decomposition of N2O under conditions of NH3 oxidation in nitric acid production

The δ and θ Al₂O₃ phases well stabilized Fe(iii) in T_d or O_h coordination, which were identified as the active species in high temperature decomposition of N₂O in a complex gas mixture produced by oxidation of ammonia.

MeOx/Al2O3 and MeOx/CeO2 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts for high temperature N2O decomposition and NH3 oxidation

Efficient oxygen transfer through Me–CeO₂ interface explains higher activity of MeO_x/CeO₂ (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) samples in deN₂O and NH₃ oxidation compared with MeO_x/Al₂O₃ ones.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over novel iron–tungsten mixed oxide catalyst in a broad temperature range

A series of novel FeW(x) catalysts with different Fe/W molar ratios prepared by the co-precipitation method were investigated in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃.

N2O decomposition by mesoporous silica supported Rh catalysts

Nitrous oxide (N(2)O), a greenhouse gas produced by nitric acid and adipic acid plants, damages the ozone layer and causes many environmental problems. The potential of MCM-41, SBA-15-Conventional (SBA-15-C), SBA-15-Spherical (SBA-15-S) and KIT-6 supported Rh catalysts has been explored at specific conditions for N(2)O decomposition in order to investigate the characteristics of new catalyst supports (SBA-15-S, KIT-6) for this application. A Rh metal loading of 1 wt% was impregnated to synthesize mesoporous silica supported Rh catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N(2) adsorption/desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CO-chemisorption techniques. Of all the catalysts, Rh/SBA-15-S not only showed the highest activity, but also the best strength against ageing impact, O(2) inhibiting effect and long-term stability. The higher metal dispersion due to the smaller Rh particle size and a greater formation of Rh(+1) than Rh(0) or Rh(+3) on SBA-15-S compared to the other supports, favoured a higher N(2)O decomposition. The larger pore size of SBA-15-S in Rh/SBA-15-S might favour a better Rh access, diffusion and dispersion and lead to higher activity. The higher long-term stability of Rh/SBA-15-S, with preserved support characteristics, than the other supports indicates its significance.