1
|
Zhang Z, Zhou W, Wang T, Gu Z, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhang G, Jin W. Ion-Conducting Ceramic Membrane Reactors for the Conversion of Chemicals. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:621. [PMID: 37504987 PMCID: PMC10386144 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ion-conducting ceramic membranes, such as mixed oxygen ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes and mixed proton-electron conducting (MPEC) membranes, have the potential for absolute selectivity for specific gases at high temperatures. By utilizing these membranes in membrane reactors, it is possible to combine reaction and separation processes into one unit, leading to a reduction in by-product formation and enabling the use of thermal effects to achieve efficient and sustainable chemical production. As a result, membrane reactors show great promise in the production of various chemicals and fuels. This paper provides an overview of recent developments in dense ceramic catalytic membrane reactors and their potential for chemical production. This review covers different types of membrane reactors and their principles, advantages, disadvantages, and key issues. The paper also discusses the configuration and design of catalytic membrane reactors. Finally, the paper offers insights into the challenges of scaling up membrane reactors from experimental stages to practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wanglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tianlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenbin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongfan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhengkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhentao Wu
- Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI), Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Guangru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song J, Wang Z, Tan X, Cui Y, Kawi S, Liu S. Simultaneous hydrogen and oxygen permeation through BaCe0.70Fe0.10Sc0.20O3-δ perovskite hollow fiber membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
3
|
Elbadawi AH, Ge L, Li Z, Liu S, Wang S, Zhu Z. Catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas: review of perovskite catalysts and membrane reactors. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1743420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Ge
- Center for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Chen T, Dewangan N, Li Z, Das S, Pati S, Li Z, Lin JYS, Kawi S. Catalytic mixed conducting ceramic membrane reactors for methane conversion. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schematic of catalytic mixed conducting ceramic membrane reactors for various reactions: (a) O2 permeable ceramic membrane reactor; (b) H2 permeable ceramic membrane reactor; (c) CO2 permeable ceramic membrane reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Tianjia Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Nikita Dewangan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Sonali Das
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Subhasis Pati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Jerry Y. S. Lin
- Chemical Engineering
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
- USA
| | - Sibudjing Kawi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiaokaiti P, Yu T, Yoshida A, Guan G, Abudula A. Evaluation of cerium doped perovskites (Ce0.1Sr0.9)xCo0.3Fe0.7O3-δ as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang J, Zhang J, Li L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Lu X. Investigation on the phase stability of cubic perovskite BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ oxygen-permeable membrane. Ann Ital Chir 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang C, Sunarso J, Liu S. Designing CO 2-resistant oxygen-selective mixed ionic-electronic conducting membranes: guidelines, recent advances, and forward directions. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:2941-3005. [PMID: 28436504 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00841k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CO2 resistance is an enabling property for the wide-scale implementation of oxygen-selective mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes in clean energy technologies, i.e., oxyfuel combustion, clean coal energy delivery, and catalytic membrane reactors for greener chemical synthesis. The significant rise in the number of studies over the past decade and the major progress in CO2-resistant MIEC materials warrant systematic guidelines on this topic. To this end, this review features the pertaining aspects in addition to the recent status and advances of the two most promising membrane materials, perovskite and fluorite-based dual-phase materials. We explain how to quantify and design CO2 resistant membranes using the Lewis acid-base reaction concept and thermodynamics perspective and highlight the relevant characterization techniques. For perovskite materials, a trade-off generally exists between CO2 resistance and O2 permeability. Fluorite materials, despite their inherent CO2 resistance, typically have low O2 permeability but this can be improved via different approaches including thin film technology and the recently developed minimum internal electronic short-circuit second phase and external electronic short-circuit decoration. We then elaborate the two main future directions that are centralized around the development of new oxide compositions capable of featuring simultaneously high CO2 resistance and O2 permeability and the exploitation of phase reactions to create a new conductive phase along the grain boundaries of dual-phase materials. The final part of the review discusses various complimentary characterization techniques and the relevant studies that can provide insights into the degradation mechanism of oxide-based materials upon exposure to CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
He G, Hu T, Zhou H, Liang F, Baumann S, Meulenberg WA, Jiang H. Syngas Production by Biogas Reforming in a Redox-Stable and CO2-Tolerant Oxygen Transporting Membrane Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu He
- Qingdao
Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Tianmiao Hu
- Qingdao
Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Hangyue Zhou
- Qingdao
Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Fangyi Liang
- Qingdao
Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Stefan Baumann
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wilhelm A. Meulenberg
- Institute
of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Heqing Jiang
- Qingdao
Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan RH, He Z, Zhang Y, Wang WD, Chen CS, Wu H, Zhan ZL. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas in a Packed Bed Catalyst Membrane Reactor. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hua Yuan
- Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wen-dong Wang
- Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chu-sheng Chen
- Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
| | - Zhong-liang Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu J, Guo S, Liu G, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Jin W. A robust mixed-conducting multichannel hollow fiber membrane reactor. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology); 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Shaobin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology); 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Gongping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology); 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Zhengkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology); 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology); 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology); 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei Y, Liao Q, Li Z, Wang H, Feldhoff A, Caro J. Partial oxidation of methane in hollow-fiber membrane reactors based on alkaline-earth metal-free CO2-tolerant oxide. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 510640 Guangzhou China
- Inst. of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover; Callinstrasse 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Qing Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Haihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Armin Feldhoff
- Inst. of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover; Callinstrasse 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Juergen Caro
- Inst. of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover; Callinstrasse 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Liao Q, Zhou L, Wang H. Oxygen permeability and structure stability of a novel cobalt-free perovskite Gd0.33Ba0.67FeO3−δ. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Zhu Y, Lin Y, Shen X, Sunarso J, Zhou W, Jiang S, Su D, Chen F, Shao Z. Influence of crystal structure on the electrochemical performance of A-site-deficient Sr1−sNb0.1Co0.9O3−δ perovskite cathodes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sr0.95Nb0.1Co0.9O3−δ (P4/mmm crystal structure), displaying a large JT distortion combined with charge-ordering of cobalt, shows improved ORR activity at low temperature, whereas Sr0.98Nb0.1Co0.9O3−δ (P4mm crystal structure), with a slight JT distortion, shows diminished performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia, USA
| | - Xuan Shen
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton, USA
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo, Canada
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dong Su
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton, USA
| | - Fanglin Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia, USA
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Energy
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kathiraser Y, Kawi S. La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Ga0.2O3-δ(LSCG) hollow fiber membrane reactor: Partial oxidation of methane at medium temperature. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasotha Kathiraser
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576
| | - Sibudjing Kawi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang W, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang K, Jin W. A novel porous-dense dual-layer composite membrane reactor with long-term stability. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Nanjing University of Technology; 5 Xinmofan Road; Nanjing; 210009; P. R. China
| | - Guangru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Nanjing University of Technology; 5 Xinmofan Road; Nanjing; 210009; P. R. China
| | - Zhengkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Nanjing University of Technology; 5 Xinmofan Road; Nanjing; 210009; P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Nanjing University of Technology; 5 Xinmofan Road; Nanjing; 210009; P. R. China
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Nanjing University of Technology; 5 Xinmofan Road; Nanjing; 210009; P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Gong Z, Hong L. Integration of air separation and partial oxidation of methane in the La0.4Ba0.6Fe0.8Zn0.2O3−δ membrane reactor. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Jiang Q, Faraji S, Slade DA, Stagg-Williams SM. A Review of Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Ceramic Membranes as Oxygen Sources for High-Temperature Reactors. INORGANIC POLYMERIC AND COMPOSITE MEMBRANES - STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND OTHER CORRELATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53728-7.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
19
|
Dong X, Jin W, Xu N, Li K. Dense ceramic catalytic membranes and membrane reactors for energy and environmental applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10886-902. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Zhu X, Li Q, He Y, Cong Y, Yang W. Oxygen permeation and partial oxidation of methane in dual-phase membrane reactors. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
He Y, Zhu X, Yang W. The role of A-site ion nonstoichiometry in the oxygen absorption properties of Sr1+xCo0.8Fe0.2O3 oxides. AIChE J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|