RE2O3-promoted Pt–SO42−/ZrO2–Al2O3 catalyst in n-hexane hydroisomerization

Comparison of Ni-S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts prepared by Microemulsion and Impregnation Methods and their Performance for Isomerisation

Bifunctional Ni-S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 (Ni-SSZA) solid superacid catalysts were prepared by microemulsion (Ni-SSZA-M) and impregnation (Ni-SSZA-I) methods and their performance for n-pentane isomerisation was studied. The catalysts were characterised by BET, XPS, XRD, FTIR, Py–FTIR, TPR, TEM and CO uptake. The results show that, compared with the Ni-SSZA-I catalyst, the Ni-SSZA-M catalyst shows smaller and more uniform Ni particles, higher surface area, smaller crystallite size of tetragonal ZrO2, more metal active sites and stronger acidity. The activity test indicated that loading Ni by the microemulsion method can significantly improve the isomerisation activity of the catalyst at lower reaction temperatures. In comparison with the Ni-SSZA-I catalyst, the isopentane yield for Ni-SSZA-M was improved by 11.6% and the optimum temperature was decreased by 60 °C.

Effect of calcination temperature of La- and Ni-promoted S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 catalysts on the isomerisation of n-pentane

A series of bimetal La- and Ni-promoted S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 (SZA) catalysts were prepared at different calcination temperatures. The effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics and performance of La-Ni-S2O82–/ZrO2–Al2O3 (La-Ni-SZA) catalysts towards the n-pentane isomerisation reaction was determined. In order to relate the catalytic activity to their physical, chemical and textural features, the catalysts were characterised by various techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine and BET specific surface area and H2 temperature-programmed reduction analyses. The results showed that tetragonal ZrO2 was the dominant phase in the calcination temperature range of 600–700 °C. The change of textural features of the catalysts results from transformation of the ZrO2 crystal phase and the collapse of the partial pore structure occurs at the high calcination temperature of 700 °C. The sulfur could be lost at calcination temperatures > 660 °C. The total acidity of the catalysts at a desorption temperature of 350 °C decreases in the order: La-Ni-SZA-650 > La-Ni-SZA-600 > La-Ni-SZA-700 > La-Ni-SZA-550. The La-Ni-SZA catalyst calcined at 650 °C had more tetragonal phase ZrO2, higher acidity, higher sulfur content, a larger BET surface area and exhibited the best catalytic performance, with the isopentane yield reaching a maximum 66.5% at a lower reaction temperature of 150 °C, with a selectivity to isopentane of 98.5%.

Gold nanoparticles supported on layered TiO2–RGO hybrid as an enhanced and recyclable catalyst for microwave-assisted hydration reaction

A novel composite (Au–SO₄²⁻/TiO₂–RGO) is synthesized and serves as an enhanced catalyst for alkyne hydration.

From laboratory catalysts to a new prototype: a novel real candidate for the isomerization of C5–C6 paraffins

An active tungstated zirconia catalyst was developed with the aim of isomerising industrial feedstocks, and presented stable activity with an increase of the R.O.N. of 14 at 225 °C.