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Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by UV Light Using N-Doped TiO2 in Suspension and Coated Forms. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of organic compounds such as ciprofloxacin in untreated pharmaceutical wastewater often poses a serious health risk to human and aquatic life when discharged into water bodies. One of the most effective means of removing ciprofloxacin from wastewater is photocatalytic degradation. However, the synthesis of an effective photocatalyst that can degrade the organic pollutant in the wastewater is often a challenge. Hence, this study focuses on the synthesis and application of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) in suspension and coated forms for the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by applying UV-light irradiation. The nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation process and characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the initial concentration of the ciprofloxacin (6, 12, 18, or 30 ppm), pH (3, 5, 7, or 9), and flow rate (0.4, 0.8, 0.95, or 1.5 L/min) on the degradation of the ciprofloxacin over the N-TiO2 were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin was enhanced by increasing the initial ciprofloxacin concentration, while it was decreased with the increase in the feed flow rate. The best operating conditions were obtained using an initial ciprofloxacin concentration of 30 ppm, pH of 5, and feed flow rate of 0.4 L/min. Under these operating conditions, removal efficiencies of 87.87% and 93.6% were obtained for net TiO2 and N-TiO2 of 5 wt% in suspension form, respectively, while 94.5% ciprofloxacin removal efficiency was obtained using coated 5 wt% N-TiO2 after 2 h of photocatalytic degradation. Based on the response surface optimization strategy, a quadratic model was suggested to obtain mathematical expressions to predict the ciprofloxacin removal efficiency under various studied operational parameters.
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Chakachaka V, Tshangana C, Mahlangu O, Mamba B, Muleja A. Interdependence of Kinetics and Fluid Dynamics in the Design of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080745. [PMID: 36005662 PMCID: PMC9412706 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) are a promising technology for wastewater reclamation. The principles of PMRs are based on photocatalytic degradation and membrane rejection, the different processes occurring simultaneously. Coupled photocatalysis and membrane filtration has made PMRs suitable for application in the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs), such as diclofenac, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, lincomycin, diphenhydramine, rhodamine, and tamoxifen, from wastewater, while reducing the likelihood of byproducts being present in the permeate stream. The viability of PMRs depends on the hypotheses used during design and the kinetic properties of the systems. The choice of design models and the assumptions made in their application can have an impact on reactor design outcomes. A design’s resilience is due to the development of a mathematical model that links material and mass balances to various sub-models, including the fluid dynamic model, the radiation emission model, the radiation absorption model, and the kinetic model. Hence, this review addresses the discrepancies with traditional kinetic models, fluid flow dynamics, and radiation emission and absorption, all of which have an impact on upscaling and reactor design. Computational and analytical descriptions of how to develop a PMR system with high throughput, performance, and energy efficiency are provided. The potential solutions are classified according to the catalyst, fluid dynamics, thickness, geometry, and light source used. Two main PMR types are comprehensively described, and a discussion of various influential factors relating to PMRs was used as a premise for developing an ideal reactor. The aim of this work was to resolve potential divergences that occur during PMRs design as most real reactors do not conform to the idealized fluid dynamics. Lastly, the application of PMRs is evaluated, not only in relation to the removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) from wastewater, but also in dye, oil, heavy metals, and pesticide removal.
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Adeola AO, Ore OT, Fapohunda O, Adewole AH, Akerele DD, Akingboye AS, Oloye FF. Psychotropic Drugs of Emerging Concerns in Aquatic Systems: Ecotoxicology and Remediation Approaches. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tufail A, Price WE, Hai FI. A critical review on advanced oxidation processes for the removal of trace organic contaminants: A voyage from individual to integrated processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127460. [PMID: 32673866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photolysis, photocatalysis, ozonation, Fenton process, anodic oxidation, sonolysis, and wet air oxidation, have been investigated extensively for the removal of a wide range of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). A standalone AOP may not achieve complete removal of a broad group of TrOCs. When combined, AOPs produce more hydroxyl radicals, thus performing better degradation of the TrOCs. A number of studies have reported significant improvement in TrOC degradation efficiency by using a combination of AOPs. This review briefly discusses the individual AOPs and their limitations towards the degradation of TrOCs containing different functional groups. It also classifies integrated AOPs and comprehensively explains their effectiveness for the degradation of a wide range of TrOCs. Integrated AOPs are categorized as UV irradiation based AOPs, ozonation/Fenton process-based AOPs, and electrochemical AOPs. Under appropriate conditions, combined AOPs not only initiate degradation but may also lead to complete mineralization. Various factors can affect the efficiency of integrated processes including water chemistry, the molecular structure of TrCOs, and ions co-occurring in water. For example, the presence of organic ions (e.g., humic acid and fulvic acid) and inorganic ions (e.g., halide, carbonate, and nitrate ions) in water can have a significant impact. In general, these ions either convert to high redox potential radicals upon collision with other reactive species and increase the reaction rates, or may act as radical scavengers and decrease the process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Tufail
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - William E Price
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Lab, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Abstract
The natural environment is constantly under threat from man-made pollution. More and more pharmaceuticals are recognized as emerging pollutants due to their growing concentration in the environment. One such chemical is ibuprofen which has been detected in processed sewage. The ineffectiveness of water methods treatment currently used raises the need for new remediation techniques, one of such is photodegradation of pollutants. In the present study, zinc(II) and copper(II) phthalocyanines were grafted onto pure anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (5 and 15 nm) to form photocatalysts for photodecomposition of ibuprofen in water. The nanoparticles were subjected to physicochemical characterization, including: thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and particle size measurements. In addition, they were assessed by means of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the free radical generation. The materials were also tested for their photocatalytic activity under either UV (365 nm) or visible light (665 nm) irradiation. After 6 h of irradiation, almost complete removal of ibuprofen under UV light was observed, as assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The reaction kinetics calculations revealed that the copper(II) phthalocyanine-containing nanoparticles were acting at a faster rate than those with zinc(II) derivative. The solutions after the photoremediation experiments were subjected to Microtox® acute toxicity analysis.
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Meroni D, Jiménez-Salcedo M, Falletta E, Bresolin BM, Kait CF, Boffito DC, Bianchi CL, Pirola C. Sonophotocatalytic degradation of sodium diclofenac using low power ultrasound and micro sized TiO 2. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105123. [PMID: 32283492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sodium diclofenac (DC) is an emerging water pollutant which resists conventional wastewater treatments. Here the sonophotocatalytic degradation of DC was carried out using micrometric TiO2 (both pristine and Ag-decorated), UV-A irradiation and 20 kHz pulsed ultrasound. Sonophotocatalytic tests were compared with photolysis, sonolysis, sonophotolysis, sonocatalysis and photocatalysis data performed in the same conditions. A synergy index of over 2 was determined for tests with pristine TiO2, while values close to 1.3 were observed for Ag-TiO2. Reaction intermediates were studied by HPLC-MS, showing degradation mechanisms activated by hydroxyl radicals. Similar pathways were identified for photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic tests, although the latter led to more oxidized compounds. Different reactor configurations (static and dynamic set ups) were studied. Sequential and simultaneous application of UV light and ultrasound led to similar performance. The role of water matrix was investigated using ultrapure and drinking water, showing marked detrimental effects of electrolytes on the DC degradation. Overall, the combined treatment proved more efficient than photocatalysis alone especially in demanding working conditions, like in drinking water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi, 19 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Jiménez-Salcedo
- University of La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Department of Chemistry, C/ Madre de Dios 51, E-26006 Logroño La Rioja, Spain
| | - Ermelinda Falletta
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi, 19 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Bianca M Bresolin
- Lappeenranta University of Technology, Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Sammonkatu 12-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Chong Fai Kait
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Polytechnique Montréal - Génie Chimique 2900 Boul, Edouard Montpetit - H3T 1J4, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi, 19 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Pirola
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi, 19 - 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Removal of organic micropollutants using advanced membrane-based water and wastewater treatment: A review. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kumari P, Bahadur N, Dumée LF. Photo-catalytic membrane reactors for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants – A review. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rosman N, Salleh W, Mohamed MA, Jaafar J, Ismail A, Harun Z. Hybrid membrane filtration-advanced oxidation processes for removal of pharmaceutical residue. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:236-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The application of pressure-driven ceramic membrane technology for the treatment of industrial wastewaters – A review. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Janssens R, Mandal MK, Dubey KK, Luis P. Slurry photocatalytic membrane reactor technology for removal of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater: Towards cytostatic drug elimination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:612-626. [PMID: 28494286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMR) to degrade cytostatic drugs is presented in this work as an emerging technology for wastewater treatment. Cytostatic drugs are pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) commonly used in cancer treatment. Such compounds and their metabolites, as well as their degraded by-products have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. A major challenge of cytostatic removal stands in the fact that most drugs are delivered to ambulant patients leading to diluted concentration in the municipal waste. Therefore safe strategies should be developed in order to collect and degrade the micro-pollutants using appropriate treatment technologies. Degradation of cytostatic compounds can be achieved with different conventional processes such as chemical oxidation, photolysis or photocatalysis but the treatment performances obtained are lower than the ones observed with slurry PMRs. Therefore the reasons why slurry PMRs may be considered as the next generation technology will be discussed in this work together with the limitations related to the mechanical abrasion of polymeric and ceramic membranes, catalyst suspension and interferences with the water matrix. Furthermore key recommendations are presented in order to develop a renewable energy powered water treatment based on long lifetime materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Janssens
- Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Mrinal Kanti Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, M.G. Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Patricia Luis
- Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs) in Water Treatment: Configurations and Influencing Factors. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7080224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Molinari R, Lavorato C, Argurio P. Recent progress of photocatalytic membrane reactors in water treatment and in synthesis of organic compounds. A review. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Candido JP, Andrade SJ, Fonseca AL, Silva FS, Silva MRA, Kondo MM. Ibuprofen removal by heterogeneous photocatalysis and ecotoxicological evaluation of the treated solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19911-19920. [PMID: 27424204 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants including pharmaceuticals are a class of compounds that are causing great concern due to several environmental problems. Conventional water and wastewater treatments do not achieve high removal efficiencies for many of these drugs. Therefore, the present work investigated the removal of ibuprofen (IBP) by heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 irradiated with artificial UV light or solar radiation. The treated solutions were tested against Daphnia similis and Raphidocelis subcapitata, which are species commonly used as bioindicators of environmental conditions. The results indicated that IBP removal reached 92 % after 1 h of treatment using artificial UV and 1000 mg L(-1) of TiO2, which was the optimum catalyst concentration in the range studied (20-1000 mg L(-1)). TOC removal reached up to 78 % after 60 min of treatment using TiO2/artificial UV. Ecotoxicological bioassays indicated that the treated solutions had acute effects, with 30 % immobilization of D. similis and 40 % growth inhibition of R. subcapitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Candido
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandro J Andrade
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana L Fonseca
- Instituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio S Silva
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Milady R A Silva
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Kondo
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil.
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Ganiyu SO, van Hullebusch ED, Cretin M, Esposito G, Oturan MA. Coupling of membrane filtration and advanced oxidation processes for removal of pharmaceutical residues: A critical review. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dâas A, Hamdaoui O. Removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and ketoprofen from water by emulsion liquid membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2154-2164. [PMID: 24037298 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the removal of the worldwide non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen (IBP) and ketoprofen (KTP) by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was carried out. An ELM system is made up of hexane as diluent, Span 80 as the surfactant and sodium carbonate as the inner aqueous solution. Effect of experimental conditions that affect the extraction of IBP such as surfactant concentration, emulsification time, sulfuric acid concentration in external phase, acid type in external phase, internal phase concentration, type of internal phase, stirring speed, volume ratio of internal phase to membrane phase, treatment ratio, IBP initial concentration, diluent type and salt was investigated. The obtained results showed that by appropriate selection of the operational parameters, it was possible to extract nearly all of IBP molecules from the feed solution even in the presence of high concentration of salt. Under optimum operating conditions, the efficiencies of IBP removal from distilled water (99.3 %), natural mineral water (97.3 %) and sea water (94.0 %) were comparable, which shows that the ELM treatment process represents a very interesting advanced separation process for the removal of IBP from complex matrices such as natural and sea waters. Under the optimized experimental conditions, approximately 97.4 % KTP was removed in less than 20 min of contact time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attef Dâas
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
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Kanakaraju D, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6836-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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