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Effect of Reaction Time and Hydrothermal Treatment Time on the Textural Properties of SBA-15 Synthesized Using Sodium Silicate as a Silica Source and Its Efficiency for Reducing Tobacco Smoke Toxicity. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of SBA-15 has been optimized using sodium silicate, an inexpensive precursor of SBA-15. In this work, the influence of synthesis times of the precipitation and the hydrothermal treatment steps, on the textural properties developed as well as for reducing the toxic compounds generated in tobacco smoking, has been studied. The hydrothermal treatment has been proved to be necessary to obtain materials with adequate performance in this particular application. Twenty-four hours of hydrothermal treatment provide materials with the best properties. Although the reaction stage usually involves the mixing of reagents during 24 h, 40 min is enough to obtain a material with stick-like morphology and typical textural properties. Moreover, between 1 and 2 h of reaction time, the material proved to have the best performance for the purpose of reducing the toxicity of the products generated during the tobacco smoking process. These results are of great significance for an eventual scaling up to industrial scale of the SBA-15 manufacturing process. Results of a pilot plant experiment in a batch of 4 kg of SBA-15 are reported.
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Effect of Time, Temperature and Stirring Rate Used in the First Step of the Synthesis of SBA-15 on Its Application as Reductor of Tars in Tobacco Smoke. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SBA-15 has been employed as a tobacco additive with the objective of reducing the toxic and carcinogenic components in tobacco smoke. The effect of the synthesis conditions (temperature, time, and stirring rate) on this application was studied in this paper. The SBA-15 was characterized (RDX, N2 adsorption isotherms, SEM and apparent density), mixed with the 3R4F reference tobacco, and smoked under standard conditions. The composition of the gas and condensed fractions also was analyzed. The morphology of the material plays an important role on this application and is highly influenced by the three variables studied. Long fibers show improved efficiency compared to short fibers. The tar reduction effect was improved when increasing the time of synthesis. Nevertheless, a maximum was observed with temperature (40 °C) and stirring rate (700 rpm). The optimal synthesis conditions obtained were 24 h, 40 °C and 700 rpm, yielding reductions as high as 68% for tar, 67% for nicotine, and 31% for CO. The scaling-up process has only been reported in terms of grams but never in a preindustrial scale (around 4 kg), and thus the results of this analysis show a promising material with properties and behavior similar with respect to the sample synthesized at laboratory scale.
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Wang K, Niu H, Chen J, Song J, Mao C, Zhang S, Zheng S, Liu B, Chen C. Facile Synthesis of CeO₂-LaFeO₃ Perovskite Composite and Its Application for 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone (NNK) Degradation. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9050326. [PMID: 28773450 PMCID: PMC5503008 DOI: 10.3390/ma9050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A facile and environmentally friendly surface-ion adsorption method using CeCO3OH@C as template was demonstrated to synthesize CeO2-LaFeO3 perovskite composite material. The obtained composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) measurements. The catalytic degradation of nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was tested to evaluate catalytic activity of the CeO2-LaFeO3 composite. Much better activity was observed for the CeO2-LaFeO3 composite comparing with CeO2 and LaFeO3. These results suggested that perovskite composite materials are a promising candidate for the degradation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Helin Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jingshuai Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jiming Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Changjie Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Shengyi Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Saijing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke Research of China National Tobacco Corporation, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Baizhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke Research of China National Tobacco Corporation, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Wan MM, Sun XD, Li YY, Zhou J, Wang Y, Zhu JH. Facilely Fabricating Multifunctional N-Enriched Carbon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1252-1263. [PMID: 26700796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic strategy, named "carbonization in limited space" and based on the specific interaction between eutectic salt and dual-ionic liquids (dual-ILs), is reported in this article. N-Containing dual-ILs (1,4-diethyl-1,4-diazaniabicyclo[2,2,2]octane imidazolide-4,5-dicyanoiazolide, [2C2DABCO](2+)[Im](-)[CN-Im](-)) were synthesized as new carbon-nitrogen precursors, while eutectic salt was chosen as a reuseable template in order to facilely fabricate the N-doped porous carbon with sheetlike morphology. Nitrogen can be directly and efficiently incorporated into the porous carbon, resulting in the materials with suitable N content, tunable pore structure, and controllable thickness of sheet as well as high surface area. They exhibited good performance as electrodes for supercapacitors, photocatalysts in degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light, and the sorbent to capture tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) in solution, offering a new simplified but effective method to prepare versatile carbon material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Mi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Dan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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Li YY, Cao Y, Yue MB, Yang J, Zhu JH. Hierarchical Composites to Reduce N-Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 8:1325-1340. [PMID: 28788003 PMCID: PMC5455443 DOI: 10.3390/ma8031325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce the harmful constituents in cigarette smoke, two hierarchical composites were synthesized. Based on, zeolites HZSM-5 or NaY fragments were introduced into the synthetic system of mesoporous silica SBA-15 or MCM-41 and assembled with the mesoporous materials. These porous composites combine the advantages of micro- and mesoporous materials, and exhibit higher effects than activated carbon on reducing tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and some vapor phase compounds in smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Ming Bo Yue
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jian Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Marcilla A, Beltrán MI, Gómez-Siurana A, Martínez I, Berenguer D. Effect of the Concentration of Siliceous Materials Added to Tobacco Cigarettes on the Composition of the Smoke Generated during Smoking. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5038837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Marcilla
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - M. I. Beltrán
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Siurana
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - I. Martínez
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - D. Berenguer
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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Reduction of tobacco smoke components yield in commercial cigarette brands by addition of HUSY, NaY and Al-MCM-41 to the cigarette rod. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:152-164. [PMID: 28962347 PMCID: PMC5598513 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of two zeolites, HUSY, NaY and a mesoporous synthesized Al-MCM-41 material on the smoke composition of ten commercial cigarettes brands has been studied. Cigarettes were prepared by mixing the tobacco with the three powdered materials, and the smoke obtained under the ISO conditions was analyzed. Up to 32 compounds were identified and quantified in the gas fraction and 80 in the total particulate matter (TPM) condensed in the cigarettes filters and in the traps located after the mouth end of the cigarettes. Al-MCM-41 is by far the best additive, providing the highest reductions of the yield for most compounds and brands analyzed. A positive correlation was observed among the TPM and nicotine yields with the reduction obtained in nicotine, CO, and most compounds with the three additives. The amount of ashes in additive free basis increases due to the coke deposited on the solids, especially with Al-MCM-41. Nicotine is reduced with Al-MCM-41 by an average of 34.4% for the brands studied (49.5% for the brand where the major reduction was obtained and 18.5 for the brand behaving the worst). CO is reduced by an average of 18.6% (ranging from 10.3 to 35.2% in the different brands).
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