1
|
Saulnier-Bellemare T, Patience GS. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis of Glucose to Lactic Acid and Lactates: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23121-23137. [PMID: 38854556 PMCID: PMC11154925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The current societal demand to replace polymers derived from petroleum with sustainable bioplastics such as polylactic acid (PLA) has motivated industry to commercialize ever-larger facilities for biobased monomers like lactic acid. Even though most of the lactic acid is produced by fermentation, long reaction times and high capital costs compromise the economics and thus limit the appeal of biotechnological processes. Catalytic conversion of hexose from biomass is a burgeoning alternative to fermentation. Here we identify catalysts to convert glucose to lactic acid, along with their proposed mechanisms. High Lewis acidity makes erbium salts among the most active homogeneous catalysts, while solvent coordination with the metal species polarize the substrate, increasing the catalytic activity. For heterogeneous catalysts, Sn-containing bimetallic systems combine the high Lewis acidity of Sn while moderating it with another metal, thus decreasing byproducts. Hierarchical bimetallic Sn-Beta zeolites combine a high number of open sites catalyzing glucose isomerization in the mesoporous regions and the confinement effect assisting fructose retro-aldol in microporous regions, yielding up to 67% lactic acid from glucose. Loss of activity is still an issue for heterogeneous catalysts, mostly due to solvent adsorption on the active sites, coke formation, and metal leaching, which impedes its large scale adoption.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu S, He J, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Xie M, Xu Y, Bie X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Sevilla M, Titirici MM, Zhou H. Towards Negative Emissions: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Sustainable Carbon Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307412. [PMID: 38251820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The contemporary production of carbon materials heavily relies on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to the greenhouse effect. Biomass is a carbon-neutral resource whose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric CO2. Employing biomass as a precursor for synthetic carbon materials can fix atmospheric CO2 into solid materials, achieving negative carbon emissions. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) presents an attractive method for converting biomass into carbon materials, by which biomass can be transformed into materials with favorable properties in a distinct hydrothermal environment, and these carbon materials have made extensive progress in many fields. However, the HTC of biomass is a complex and interdisciplinary problem, involving simultaneously the physical properties of the underlying biomass and sub/supercritical water, the chemical mechanisms of hydrothermal synthesis, diverse applications of resulting carbon materials, and the sustainability of the entire technological routes. This review starts with the analysis of biomass composition and distinctive characteristics of the hydrothermal environment. Then, the factors influencing the HTC of biomass, the reaction mechanism, and the properties of resulting carbon materials are discussed in depth, especially the different formation mechanisms of primary and secondary hydrochars. Furthermore, the application and sustainability of biomass-derived carbon materials are summarized, and some insights into future directions are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiangkai He
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhien Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Mengyin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Bie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Marta Sevilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono (INCAR), CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andérez-Fernández M, Pérez E, Martín Á, McGregor J, Bermejo MD. Synergistic Hydrothermal Conversion of Aqueous Solutions of CO 2 and Biomass Waste Liquefaction into Formate. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:16948-16957. [PMID: 36569492 PMCID: PMC9769105 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CO2 utilization by conversion into useful chemicals can contribute to facing the problem of increasing CO2 emissions. Among other alternatives, hydrothermal transformation stands out by the high conversions achieved, just using high-temperature water as the solvent. Previous works have demonstrated that several organic compounds with hydroxyl groups derived from biomass can be used as reductants of NaHCO3 aqueous solutions as inorganic CO2 sources. Formate was obtained as the main product as it was produced by conversion both of the inorganic carbon and of the organic reductants, whose transformation into formate was promoted by the addition of NaHCO3. Based on these results, in this work, the hydrothermal conversion of NaHCO3 is performed together with the liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass (sugarcane bagasse and pine needles) in a one-pot process. Results show that yields to formate of 10% wt/wt (with respect to the initial concentration of biomass) are achieved by hydrothermal treatment of NaHCO3 and lignocellulosic biomass at 250 °C with a residence time of 180 min. Other products, such as acetic acid and lactic acid, were also obtained. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the hydrothermal reduction of CO2 combined with the hydrothermal liquefaction of residual biomass in a simultaneous process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Andérez-Fernández
- Grupo
de Tecnologías a Presión (PressTech), Instituto de Bioeconomía
de la Universidad de Valladolid (BioEcoUVa), Departamento de Ingeniería
Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Escuela de
Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad
de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pérez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Avda Complutense s/n, 28040Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín
- Grupo
de Tecnologías a Presión (PressTech), Instituto de Bioeconomía
de la Universidad de Valladolid (BioEcoUVa), Departamento de Ingeniería
Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Escuela de
Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad
de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
| | - James McGregor
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS1 3JD, U.K.
| | - María Dolores Bermejo
- Grupo
de Tecnologías a Presión (PressTech), Instituto de Bioeconomía
de la Universidad de Valladolid (BioEcoUVa), Departamento de Ingeniería
Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Escuela de
Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad
de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hydrothermal CO 2 Reduction by Glucose as Reducing Agent and Metals and Metal Oxides as Catalysts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051652. [PMID: 35268751 PMCID: PMC8912100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature water reactions to reduce carbon dioxide were carried out by using an organic reductant and a series of metals and metal oxides as catalysts, as well as activated carbon (C). As CO2 source, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate were used. Glucose was the reductant. Cu, Ni, Pd/C 5%, Ru/C 5%, C, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were the catalysts tested. The products of CO2 reduction were formic acid and other subproducts from sugar hydrolysis such as acetic acid and lactic acid. Reactions with sodium bicarbonate reached higher yields of formic acid in comparison to ammonium carbamate reactions. Higher yields of formic acid (53% and 52%) were obtained by using C and Fe3O4 as catalysts and sodium bicarbonate as carbon source. Reactions with ammonium carbamate achieved a yield of formic acid up to 25% by using Fe3O4 as catalyst. The origin of the carbon that forms formic acid was investigated by using NaH13CO3 as carbon source. Depending on the catalyst, the fraction of formic acid coming from the reduction of the isotope of sodium bicarbonate varied from 32 to 81%. This fraction decreased in the following order: Pd/C 5% > Ru/C 5% > Ni > Cu > C ≈ Fe2O3 > Fe3O4.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hydrothermal Conversion of Fructose to Lactic Acid and Derivatives: Synergies of Metal and Acid/Base Catalysts. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
6
|
He R, Ma T, Cheng J, Jin B, Xu J. Formation of Formic Acid from Glucose with Simultaneous Conversion of Ag 2O to Ag under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11260-11265. [PMID: 34056281 PMCID: PMC8153907 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formation of formic acid from renewable biomass resources is of great interest since formic acid is a widely used platform chemical and has recently been regarded as an important liquid hydrogen carrier. Herein, a novel approach is reported for the conversion of glucose, the constituent carbohydrate from the cellulose fraction of biomass, to formic acid under mild hydrothermal conditions with simultaneous reduction of Ag2O to Ag. Results showed that glucose was selectively converted to formic acid with an optimum yield of 40.7% and glycolic acid with a yield of 6.1% with 53.2% glucose converting to carbon dioxide (CO2) immediately at a mild reaction temperature of 135 °C for 30 min. In addition, Ag2O was used as a solid oxidant for glucose oxidation, which avoids the use of traditionally dangerous liquid oxidant H2O2. Furthermore, complete conversion of Ag2O to Ag can be achieved. This study not only developed a new method for value-added chemical production from renewable biomass but also explored an alternative low-carbon and energy-saving route for silver extraction and recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runtian He
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Cheng
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Jin
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kosri C, Kiatphuengporn S, Butburee T, Youngjun S, Thongratkaew S, Faungnawakij K, Yimsukanan C, Chanlek N, Kidkhunthod P, Wittayakun J, Khemthong P. Selective conversion of xylose to lactic acid over metal-based Lewis acid supported on γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Yong TLK, Pa’ee KF, Abd-Talib N, Mohamad N. Production of Platform Chemicals Using Supercritical Fluid Technology. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2020:53-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44984-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
9
|
Lanthanum-modified phosphomolybdic acid as an efficient catalyst for the conversion of fructose to lactic acid. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
10
|
Gagić T, Perva-Uzunalić A, Knez Ž, Škerget M. Hydrothermal Degradation of Cellulose at Temperature from 200 to 300 °C. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gagić
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Amra Perva-Uzunalić
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Škerget
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Andérez-Fernández M, Pérez E, Martín A, Bermejo M. Hydrothermal CO 2 reduction using biomass derivatives as reductants. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Vaquerizo L, Cocero MJ. A green desuperheater for an energetic efficient alternative to the decompression valve in biomass supercritical water ultrafast hydrolysis process. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
|