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Peng Z, Liu H, Zhang C, Zhai Y, Hu W, Tan Y, Li X, Zhou Z, Gong X. Potential Strategy to Control the Organic Components of Condensable Particulate Matter: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7691-7709. [PMID: 38664958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to condensable particulate matter (CPM) since its emissions have surpassed that of filterable particulate matter (FPM) with the large-scale application of ultralow-emission reform. CPM is a gaseous material in the flue stack but instantly turns into particles after leaving the stack. It is composed of inorganic and organic components. Organic components are an important part of CPM, and they are an irritant, teratogenic, and carcinogenic, which triggers photochemical smog, urban haze, and acid deposition. CPM organic components can aggravate air pollution and climate change; therefore, consideration should be given to them. Based on existing methods for removing atmospheric organic pollutants and combined with the characteristics of CPM organic components, we provide a critical overview from the aspects of (i) fundamental cognition of CPM, (ii) common methods to control CPM organic components, and (iii) catalytic oxidation of CPM organic components. As one of the most encouraging methods, catalytic oxidation is discussed in detail, especially in combination with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, to meet the growing demands for multipollutant control (MPC). We believe that this review is inspiring for a fuller understanding and deeper exploration of promising approaches to control CPM organic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Zhejiang Feida Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311800, China
- Zhejiang Environmental Protection Group Eco-Environmental Research Institute, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Chuxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunfei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuyao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Review of Improving the NOx Conversion Efficiency in Various Diesel Engines fitted with SCR System Technology. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The diesel engine is utilized in most commercial vehicles to carry items from various firms; nevertheless, diesel engines emit massive amounts of nitrogen oxides (NOx) which are harmful to human health. A typical approach for reducing NOx emissions from diesel engines is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system; however, several reasons make reducing NOx emissions a challenge: urea particles frequently become solid in the injector and difficult to disseminate across the system; the injector frequently struggles to spray the smaller particles of urea; the larger urea particles from the injector readily cling to the system; it is also difficult to evaporate urea droplets because of the exhaust and wall temperatures (Tw), resulting in an increase in solid deposits in the system, uncontrolled ammonia water solution injection, and NOx emissions problems. The light-duty diesel engine (LDD), medium-duty diesel engine (MDD), heavy-duty diesel engine (HDD), and marine diesel engine use different treatments to optimize NOx conversion efficiency in the SCR system. This review analyzes several studies in the literature which aim to increase NOx conversion in different diesel engine types. The approach and methods demonstrated in this study provide a suitable starting point for future research into reducing NOx emissions from diesel engines, particularly for engines with comparable specifications.
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Insights of Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology for Nitrogen Oxides Control in Marine Engine Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The international shipping industry is facing increasingly stringent limitations on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. New solutions for reducing NOx emitted by marine engines need to be investigated to find the best technology. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is an advanced active emissions control technology successfully used in automotive diesel engines; it could be applied to marine engines with ad-hoc solutions to integrate it in the exhaust of large engines. In this study, a commercial SCR was tested at the exhaust of a diesel engine in inlet gas conditions typical of a marine engine. The SCR system consisted of a custom monolith (provided by Hug-Engineering AG) that enabled seamless integration for a broad range of engine sizes; the active phases were V2O5 (3 wt%)-WO3 (7 wt%)-TiO2 (75 wt%). The monolith was studied at the laboratory scale for its in-depth chemical/physical characterization and by means of an intermediate-scale engine, reproducing the exhaust gas conditions of a full-scale marine engine. The system’s effectiveness in terms of NOx removal for the selected engine operating conditions was evaluated in a wide range of temperature and NOx emissions values and for different quantities of the reduction agent (AdBlue or ammonia) added to exhaust gases. The investigated technological solution resulted in efficient NOx emission control from a marine engine.
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Zheng L, Casapu M, Grunwaldt JD. Understanding the multiple interactions in vanadium-based SCR catalysts during simultaneous NO x and soot abatement. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multiple interactions during simultaneous removal of soot and NOx were systematically studied over a V-based catalyst, which is highly relevant for the development of more efficient 2-way SCRonDPF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Feng X, Wei K, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Chen Y. Enhanced Durability of Monolithic V 2O 5–WO 3/TiO 2 Catalysts Prepared by a Novel One-Pot Method for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x with NH 3. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.20we236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Sinocat Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Kuan Wei
- Sinocat Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
| | | | - Zhimin Liu
- Sinocat Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Yaoqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University
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Gramigni F, Iacobone U, Nasello ND, Selleri T, Usberti N, Nova I. Review of Hydrocarbon Poisoning and Deactivation Effects on Cu-Zeolite, Fe-Zeolite, and Vanadium-Based Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts for NOx Removal from Lean Exhausts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gramigni
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi Catalitici, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Iacobone
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi Catalitici, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicole D. Nasello
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi Catalitici, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Selleri
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi Catalitici, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Usberti
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi Catalitici, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Nova
- Dipartimento di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi Catalitici, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
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Wang D, Chen Q, Zhang X, Gao C, Wang B, Huang X, Peng Y, Li J, Lu C, Crittenden J. Multipollutant Control (MPC) of Flue Gas from Stationary Sources Using SCR Technology: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2743-2766. [PMID: 33569951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emission of gaseous pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels is believed to be one of the most serious environmental challenges in the 21st century. Given the increasing demands of multipollutant control (MPC) via adsorption or catalysis technologies, such as NOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals (Hg etc.), and ammonia, and considering investment costs and site space, the use of existing equipment, especially the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system to convert pollutants into harmless or readily adsorbed substances, is one of the most practical approaches. Consequently, many efforts have been directed at achieving the simultaneous elimination of multipollutants in a SCR convertor, and this method has been widely used to mitigate the stationary emission of NOx. However, the development of active, selective, stable, and multifunctional catalysts/adsorbents suitable for large-scale commercialization remains challenging. Herein, we summarize recent works on the applications of SCR in MPC, describing the approaches of (i) SCR + VOCs oxidation, (ii) SCR + heavy metal control, and (iii) SCR + NH3 reduction to reveal that the efficiency of simultaneous elimination depends on catalyst composition and flue gas parameters. Furthermore, the synergistic promotional/inhibitory effects between SCR and VOCs/ammonia/heavy metal oxidations are shown to be the key to the feasibility of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Qiuzhun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Zheng L, Zimina A, Casapu M, Grunwaldt J. Hydrocarbon and Soot Oxidation over Cerium and Iron Doped Vanadium SCR Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Xi Y, Ottinger NA, Liu ZG. Simulation of exotherms from the oxidation of accumulated carbonaceous species over a VSCR catalyst. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A model is built to simulate the burn-off process of accumulated carbonaceous species over a VSCR catalyst.
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Liu X, Chen H, Wu X, Cao L, Jiang P, Yu Q, Ma Y. Effects of SiO2 modification on the hydrothermal stability of the V2O5/WO3–TiO2 NH3-SCR catalyst: TiO2 structure and vanadia species. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of silica could produce the SixTi1−xO2 solid solutions at the interface in the doped catalyst, which inhibit the direct contact among anatase crystals and improve the stable textural property of V2O5/WO3–TiO2 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Zhejiang 312000
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality and Technical Supervision
- Shaoxing
- China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Zhejiang 312000
- PR China
| | - Qifan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Zhejiang 312000
- PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- PR China
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11
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Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia and Hydrocarbon Oxidation Over V2O5–MoO3/TiO2 and V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR Catalysts. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Wu J, Zhu X, Cai Y, Tu X, Gao X. Coupling Nonthermal Plasma with V2O5/TiO2 Nanofiber Catalysts for Enhanced Oxidation of Ethyl Acetate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Wu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xinbo Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuxiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Silas K, Ghani WAWAK, Choong TS, Rashid U. Carbonaceous materials modified catalysts for simultaneous SO2/NOxremoval from flue gas: A review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2018.1482641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiman Silas
- Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani
- Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Thomas S.Y. Choong
- Sustainable Process Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Schobing J, Tschamber V, Brilhac JF, Auclaire A, Hohl Y. Simultaneous soot combustion and NO x reduction over a vanadia-based selective catalytic reduction catalyst. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gallert T, Casanova M, Puzzo F, Strazzolini P, Trovarelli A. SO2 resistant soot oxidation catalysts based on orthovanadates. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Guo M, Fu Z, Ma D, Ji N, Song C, Liu Q. A Short Review of Treatment Methods of Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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