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John A, Rajan MS, Thomas J. Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride modified kaolin-carboxyl graphene for the degradation of pharmaceutical waste under sunlight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1442-1455. [PMID: 38040888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride modified with kaolin-carboxyl graphene (g-C3N4/KG) was successfully synthesized using urea as the precursor and was applied for the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compound, "cefepime." Structural and optical characteristics of g-C3N4/KG were analyzed using various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, TG, BET, DRS, and PL. The PL studies confirmed that g-C3N4/KG catalyst exhibits strong charge separation and electron flow, and enhanced visible light absorption capacity was revealed by DRS studies. Studies on the active radical species demonstrate that superoxide and hydroxy radicals play a major role in the photocatalytic degradation of cefepime and dye pollutants. g-C3N4/KG showed the complete removal MB and 85% of degradation of cefepime under solar light irradiation time of 75 min and 135 min, respectively. Additionally, possible mechanism for the breakdown of the antibiotic cefepime was presented, along with identification of the intermediates produced during the degradation process. The study demonstrates that this novel photocatalyst could be utilized to remove dyes as well as medical wastes from water under solar light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju John
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Mekha Susan Rajan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Jesty Thomas
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India.
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Paul DR, Sharma R, Rao VS, Panchal P, Gautam S, Sharma A, Nehra SP. Mg/Li@GCN as highly active visible light responding 2D photocatalyst for wastewater remediation application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98540-98547. [PMID: 35666418 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly visible light responding 2D photocatalytic material has been prepared and analysed for its potential for photodegradation of organic pollutants. The pristine GCN has been co-doped with Mg/Li using the facile synthesis route. The prepared photocatalytic materials were then analysed using characterisation techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis. The prepared samples were analysed for photocatalytic degradation analysis towards methylene blue dye. The apparent rate constant value increased up to 5.4 times in the case of the GCNML (0.5,2) sample in comparison to GCNP. In addition, the GCNML (0.5,2) sample was also analysed for degradation of crystal violet (CV) (97% in 80 min), rose bengal (RB) (84% in 120 min) and methyl orange (MO) (45% in 120 min) dyes. The result obtained from the study confirmed that GCNML (0.5,2) can act as a potential photocatalyst for wastewater remediation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Rattan Paul
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Vikrant Singh Rao
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India
| | - Shubham Gautam
- Materials Research Center, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology (SoET), Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, 123031, India
| | - Satya Pal Nehra
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India.
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Kuila SK, Guchhait SK, Mandal D, Kumbhakar P, Chandra A, Tiwary CS, Kundu TK. Dimensionality effects of g-C 3N 4 from wettability to solar light assisted self-cleaning and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138951. [PMID: 37196791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Unique interfacial properties of 2D materials make them more functional than their bulk counterparts in a catalytic application. In the present study, bulk and 2D graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (bulk g-C3N4 and 2D-g-C3N4 NS) coated cotton fabrics and nickel foam electrode interfaces have been applied for solar light-driven self-cleaning of methyl orange (MO) dye and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Compared to bulk, 2D-g-C3N4 coated interfaces show higher surface roughness (1.094 > 0.803) and enhanced hydrophilicity (θ ∼ 32° < 62° for cotton fabric and θ ∼ 25° < 54° for Ni foam substrate) due to oxygen defect induction as confirmed from morphological (HR-TEM and AFM) and interfacial (XPS) characterizations. The self-remediation efficiencies for blank and bulk/2D-g-C3N4 coated cotton fabrics are estimated through colorimetric absorbance and average intensity changes. The self-cleaning efficiency for 2D-g-C3N4 NS coated cotton fabric is 87%, whereas the blank and bulk-coated fabric show 31% and 52% efficiency. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis determines the reaction intermediates for MO cleaning. 2D-g-C3N4 shows lower overpotential (108 mV) and onset potential (1.30 V) vs. RHE for 10 mA cm-2 OER current density in 0.1 M KOH. Also, the decreased charge transfer resistance (RCT = 12 Ω) and lower Tafel's slope (24 mV dec-1) of 2D-g-C3N4 make it the most efficient OER catalyst over bulk-g-C3N4 and state-of-the-art material RuO2. The pseudocapacitance behavior of OER governs the kinetics of electrode-electrolyte interaction through the electrical double layer (EDL) mechanism. The 2D electrocatalyst demonstrates long-term stability (retention ∼94%) and efficacy compared to commercial electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Kumar Kuila
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | | | - Debabrata Mandal
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Partha Kumbhakar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amreesh Chandra
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Kundu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Rattan Paul D, Sharma R, Sharma A, Nehra SP. Li doped graphitic carbon nitride based solar light responding photocatalyst for organic water pollutants degradation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Green synthesis of AgCl nanoparticles using Calotropis gigantea: Characterization and their enhanced antibacterial activities. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Chen Q, Wan B, Zhu P, Xu S, Huang Y. The synergy of adsorption and photosensitization of platinum-doped graphitic carbon nitride for improved removal of rhodamine B. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16449-16459. [PMID: 34651272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted growing attention recently for photodegradation of pollutants. However, the photosensitization performance of g-C3N4 was limited by insufficient generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and weak light absorption. In this study, platinum (Pt)-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized by thermal polycondensation using dicyandiamide and chloroplatinic acid. The structure and composition of Pt-doped g-C3N4 were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which indicated that the Pt-doped g-C3N4 was successfully prepared. Compared with bare g-C3N4, Pt2+-doped g-C3N4 has wider light absorption range, lower band gap, and higher photon-generated carrier migration efficiency, which significantly improved the light absorption range and photosensitization efficiency of Pt2+-doped g-C3N4, while photodegradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) increased from 50 to 90%. The effecting factors of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of Pt2+-doped g-C3N4 for RhB were investigated in detail. The adsorption is a monolayer adsorption process that fits the Langmuir model, as well as being a spontaneous endothermic process. Using a white LED as an excitation source, electrons and holes in Pt2+-doped g-C3N4 were generated. The electrons reacting with dissolved oxygen produce active oxygen species such as •OH and 1O2, which can degrade RhB on the surface of Pt2+-doped g-C3N4. The photocatalytic method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and high efficiency, and has the potential to directly remove dyes in wastewater utilizing sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Bing Wan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Paijin Zhu
- College of Material and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Shuxia Xu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
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Mafa PJ, Malefane ME, Idris AO, Liu D, Gui J, Mamba BB, Kuvarega AT. Multi-elemental doped g-C3N4 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic Activity: Insight into naproxen Degradation, Kinetics, effect of Electrolytes, and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Jindal H, Kumar D, Sillanpaa M, Nemiwal M. Current progress in polymeric graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for dye degradation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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John A, Rajan MS, Thomas J. Carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for the mitigation of water pollution engendered by pharmaceutical compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24992-25013. [PMID: 33772713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the destructive impact of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) present in surface and drinking water on aquatic and terrestrial life forms becomes a major concern of researchers. API like diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (SME) found in water bodies cause antimicrobial resistance and are potent carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. Conventional wastewater treatment methods possess some drawbacks and were found to be insufficient for the effective removal of APIs. Visible light-assisted semiconductor photocatalysis has become an alternative choice for tackling this worse scenario. Graphitic carbon nitride, a metal-free visible light active semiconductor photocatalyst is an emerging hotspot nanomaterial whose practical utility in water purification is widely recognized. This review comes up with an insightful outlook on the panorama of recent progress in the field of g-C3N4-assisted photocatalytic systems for the eradication of APIs. In addition, the review summarizes various strategies adopted for the broad-spectrum utilization of visible light and the enhancement of charge separation of pristine g-C3N4. The mechanistic pathways followed by different pharmaceuticals during their photocatalytic degradation process were also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju John
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Mekha Susan Rajan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Jesty Thomas
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India.
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10
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Rattan Paul D, Nehra SP. Graphitic carbon nitride: a sustainable photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation and antibacterial applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3888-3896. [PMID: 32519096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) has been found to be of great interest in various sustainable applications. In this study, a simple preparation method using urea was utilized to synthesize GCN. In order to understand various morphological, structural, and optical aspects of the as-prepared sample, GCN was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauere-Emmette-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and diffused reflectance spectra (DRS) analysis. The visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of prepared GCN was analyzed for various cationic dyes (Crystal violet, rose bengal, rhodamine B, auramine O, methylene blue) and anionic dyes (phenol red, xylenol orange, cresol red, methyl orange). The calculated efficiencies of degradation and values of apparent rate constant for all dye samples suggested that cationic dyes are more actively degraded using GCN than anionic dyes. In addition, GCN was further analyzed for its splendid antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli). The synthesized photocatalyst holds a bright scope for the efficient remediation of organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection in wastewater. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Rattan Paul
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India.
| | - Satya Pal Nehra
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, India.
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11
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Pak S, Ri K, Xu C, Ji Q, Sun D, Qi C, Yang S, He H, Pak M. Fabrication of g-C 3N 4/Y-TiO 2 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The g-C3N4/Y-TiO2 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic activity that use yttrium instead of noble metals was successfully manufactured.
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Affiliation(s)
- SongSik Pak
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Hamhung University of Chemical Industry, Hamhung, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - KwangChol Ri
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Hamhung University of Chemical Industry, Hamhung, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Chenmin Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyi Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dunyu Sun
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chengdu Qi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - MyongNam Pak
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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12
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Masunga N, Mamba BB, Kefeni KK. Trace samarium doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic activity toward metanil yellow dye degradation under visible light irradiation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Wang C, Ran W, Du P, Li W, Luo L, Wang D. Enhanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activities and Photoluminescence Characteristics of BiOF Nanoparticles Determined via Doping Engineering. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11801-11813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguang Ran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Laihui Luo
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- GLOBALFOUNDRIES (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D, Street 2, Singapore 738406
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Sarkar R, Kumari S, Kundu TK. Density functional theory based studies on the adsorption of rare-earth ions from hydrated nitrate salt solutions on g-C 3N 4 monolayer surface. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 97:107577. [PMID: 32179421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article represents density functional theory (DFT) based comparative analysis on six trivalent rare-earth ions (RE3+; RE: Y, La, Ce, Sm, Eu and Gd) absorption, from the respective nitrate-hexahydrate salts, on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 2D monolayer, and the photocatalytic properties of the RE3+ adsorbed g-C3N4 systems (g-C3N4/RE3+) based on the ground-state electronic structure calculations. Structure, stability and coordination chemistry of two configurations of each hydrated RE-salt system are discussed in detail. Both DFT (B3LYP/SDD) and semi-empirical (Sparkle/PM7) calculations identify the central N6 vacancy of pristine g-C3N4 as the most suitable site for RE3+ adsorption. Bader's QTAIM, Mayer bond order and charge population analyses (ADCH, CHELPG and DDEC) are performed to describe the bond characteristics within the systems under study. Thermochemical calculations suggest that the adsorption process is thermodynamically more feasible for higher atomic number (Z) RE3+ [Sm3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+], compared to lower-Z RE3+ [Y3+, La3+ and Ce3+] ions. Besides, the better photocatalytic properties of higher-Z RE3+ adsorbed g-C3N4 systems are revealed from better HOMO-LUMO delocalization, decreased HOMO-LUMO gap, increased softness, higher electrophilicity and electron transfer parameter, compared to pristine or lower-Z RE3+ adsorbed g-C3N4 systems, as obtained from Hirshfeld orbital compositions, density of states and condensed Fukui function analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Sarkar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Kundu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Paul D, Gautam S, Panchal P, Nehra SP, Choudhary P, Sharma A. ZnO-Modified g-C 3N 4: A Potential Photocatalyst for Environmental Application. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3828-3838. [PMID: 32149209 PMCID: PMC7057336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy-driven practices using semiconducting materials is an ideal approach toward wastewater remediation. In order to attain a superior photocatalyst, a composite of g-C3N4 and ZnO (GCN-ZnO) has been prepared by one-step thermal polymerization of urea and zinc carbonate basic dihydrate [ZnNO3]2·[Zn(OH)2]3. The GCN-ZnO0.4 sample showed an evolved morphology, increased surface area (116 m2 g-1), better visible light absorption ability, and reduced band gap in comparison to GCN-pure. The GCN-ZnO0.4 sample also showed enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic activity performance, resulting in an increased reaction rate value up to 3 times that of GCN-pure, which was attributed to the phenomenon of better separation of photogenerated charge carriers resulting because of heterojunction development among interfaces of GCN-pure and ZnO. In addition, the GCN-ZnO0.4 sample showed a decent stability for four cyclic runs and established its potential use for abatement of organic wastewater pollutants in comparison to GCN-pure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina
Rattan Paul
- Center
of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Shubham Gautam
- Materials
Research Center, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Center
of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Satya Pal Nehra
- Center
of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | | | - Anshu Sharma
- Department
of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology (SoET), Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh 123031, India
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16
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Liu X, Wu X, Long D, Rao X, Zhang Y. Template-free synthesis of tetragonal graphitic carbon nitride microtubes doped by sodium chloride for enhanced photocatalytic H2 performance under visible light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Yan H, Zhu Z, Long Y, Li W. In-situ intercalation of MoO3-x in g-C3N4 for the enhancement of photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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19
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Gao M, You L, Guo L, Li T. Fabrication of a novel polyhedron-like WO3/Ag2CO3 p-n junction photocatalyst with highly enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Paul DR, Sharma R, Nehra SP, Sharma A. Effect of calcination temperature, pH and catalyst loading on photodegradation efficiency of urea derived graphitic carbon nitride towards methylene blue dye solution. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15381-15391. [PMID: 35514817 PMCID: PMC9064223 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02201e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate synthesis temperature and optimized photodegradation reaction conditions result in an appreciable enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of urea derived innate g-C3N4 towards MB dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Rattan Paul
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - S. P. Nehra
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
- India
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
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