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Oxidative Coupling of Methane for Ethylene Production: Reviewing Kinetic Modelling Approaches, Thermodynamics and Catalysts. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene production via oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) represents an interesting route for natural gas upscaling, being the focus of intensive research worldwide. Here, OCM developments are analysed in terms of kinetic mechanisms and respective applications in chemical reactor models, discussing current challenges and directions for further developments. Furthermore, some thermodynamic aspects of the OCM reactions are also revised, providing achievable olefins yields in a wide range of operational reaction conditions. Finally, OCM catalysts are reviewed in terms of respective catalytic performances and thermal stability, providing an executive summary for future studies on OCM economic feasibility.
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2
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Kiani D, Sourav S, Wachs IE, Baltrusaitis J. A combined computational and experimental study of methane activation during oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) by surface metal oxide catalysts. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14143-14158. [PMID: 34760199 PMCID: PMC8565385 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimentally validated computational models developed herein, for the first time, show that Mn-promotion does not enhance the activity of the surface Na2WO4 catalytic active sites for CH4 heterolytic dissociation during OCM. Contrary to previous understanding, it is demonstrated that Mn-promotion poisons the surface WO4 catalytic active sites resulting in surface WO5 sites with retarded kinetics for C-H scission. On the other hand, dimeric Mn2O5 surface sites, identified and studied via ab initio molecular dynamics and thermodynamics, were found to be more efficient in activating CH4 than the poisoned surface WO5 sites or the original WO4 sites. However, the surface reaction intermediates formed from CH4 activation over the Mn2O5 surface sites are more stable than those formed over the Na2WO4 surface sites. The higher stability of the surface intermediates makes their desorption unfavorable, increasing the likelihood of over-oxidation to CO x , in agreement with the experimental findings in the literature on Mn-promoted catalysts. Consequently, the Mn-promoter does not appear to have an essential positive role in synergistically tuning the structure of the Na2WO4 surface sites towards CH4 activation but can yield MnO x surface sites that activate CH4 faster than Na2WO4 surface sites, but unselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Sagar Sourav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Israel E Wachs
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University B336 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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3
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Saychu P, Thanasiriruk M, Khajonvittayakul C, Viratikul R, Tongnan V, Hartley M, Wongsakulphasatch S, Laosiripojana N, Hartley U. Catalytic performance of Na-Mn2O3-based catalysts towards oxidative coupling of methane. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Zou S, Li Z, Zhou Q, Pan Y, Yuan W, He L, Wang S, Wen W, Liu J, Wang Y, Du Y, Yang J, Xiao L, Kobayashi H, Fan J. Surface coupling of methyl radicals for efficient low-temperature oxidative coupling of methane. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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"Soft" oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene: Mechanistic insights from combined experiment and theory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2012666118. [PMID: 34074750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012666118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene using gaseous disulfur (2CH4 + S2 → C2H4 + 2H2S) as an oxidant (SOCM) proceeds with promising selectivity. Here, we report detailed experimental and theoretical studies that examine the mechanism for the conversion of CH4 to C2H4 over an Fe3O4-derived FeS2 catalyst achieving a promising ethylene selectivity of 33%. We compare and contrast these results with those for the highly exothermic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) using O2 (2CH4 + O2 → C2H4 + 2H2O). SOCM kinetic/mechanistic analysis, along with density functional theory results, indicate that ethylene is produced as a primary product of methane activation, proceeding predominantly via CH2 coupling over dimeric S-S moieties that bridge Fe surface sites, and to a lesser degree, on heavily sulfided mononuclear sites. In contrast to and unlike OCM, the overoxidized CS2 by-product forms predominantly via CH4 oxidation, rather than from C2 products, through a series of C-H activation and S-addition steps at adsorbed sulfur sites on the FeS2 surface. The experimental rates for methane conversion are first order in both CH4 and S2, consistent with the involvement of two S sites in the rate-determining methane C-H activation step, with a CD4/CH4 kinetic isotope effect of 1.78. The experimental apparent activation energy for methane conversion is 66 ± 8 kJ/mol, significantly lower than for CH4 oxidative coupling with O2 The computed methane activation barrier, rate orders, and kinetic isotope values are consistent with experiment. All evidence indicates that SOCM proceeds via a very different pathway than that of OCM.
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Arinaga AM, Ziegelski MC, Marks TJ. Alternative Oxidants for the Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10502-10515. [PMID: 33045141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons with oxygen (O2 -OCM) has garnered renewed worldwide interest in the past decade due to the emergence of enormous new shale gas resources. However, the C2 selectivity of typical OCM processes is significantly challenged by overoxidation to COx products. Other gaseous reagents such as N2 O, CO2 , and S2 have been investigated to a far lesser extent as alternative, milder oxidants to replace O2 . Although several authoritative review articles have summarized OCM research progress in depth, recent oxidative coupling developments using alternative oxidants (X-OCM) have not been overviewed in detail. In this perspective, we review and analyze OCM research results reporting the implementation of N2 O, CO2 , S2 , and other non-O2 oxidants, highlighting the unique chemistries of these systems and their advantages/challenges compared to O2 -OCM. Current outlook and potential areas for future study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Arinaga
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Morgan C Ziegelski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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7
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Kim GJ, Ausenbaugh JT, Hwang HT. Effect of TiO 2 on the Performance of Mn/Na 2WO 4 Catalysts in Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geo Jong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 4810 Alben Barkley Drive, Paducah, Kentucky 42002, United States
| | - Joshua T. Ausenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 4810 Alben Barkley Drive, Paducah, Kentucky 42002, United States
| | - Hyun Tae Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 4810 Alben Barkley Drive, Paducah, Kentucky 42002, United States
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Arinaga AM, Ziegelski MC, Marks TJ. Alternative Oxidants for the Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Arinaga
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis and Surface Science Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Morgan C. Ziegelski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis and Surface Science Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Tao L, Choksi TS, Liu W, Pérez-Ramírez J. Synthesizing High-Volume Chemicals from CO 2 without Direct H 2 Input. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6066-6089. [PMID: 32946662 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Decarbonizing the chemical industry will eventually entail using CO2 as a feedstock for chemical synthesis. However, many chemical syntheses involve CO2 reduction using inputs such as renewable hydrogen. In this review, chemical processes are discussed that use CO2 as an oxidant for upgrading hydrocarbon feedstocks. The captured CO2 is inherently reduced by the hydrocarbon co-reactants without consuming molecular hydrogen or renewable electricity. This CO2 utilization approach can be potentially applied to synthesize eight emission-intensive molecules, including olefins and epoxides. Catalytic systems and reactor concepts are discussed that can overcome practical challenges, such as thermodynamic limitations, over-oxidation, coking, and heat management. Under the best-case scenario, these hydrogen-free CO2 reduction processes have a combined CO2 abatement potential of approximately 1 gigatons per year and avoid the consumption of 1.24 PWh renewable electricity, based on current market demand and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longgang Tao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Tej S Choksi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular Engineering National University Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Lu H, Zhang Q, Liu R, Gui J. Oxidative Coupling of Methane over SrO/La2O3 Catalyst in an Oxygen-Permeable Separation Membrane Reactor. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Xu X, Xi R, Liu Y, Fang X, Wang X. Tailoring La2Ce2O7 catalysts for low temperature oxidative coupling of methane by optimizing the preparation methods. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
This review aims to give more understanding of the selection and development of oxygen carrier materials for chemical looping. Chemical looping, a rising star in chemical technologies, is capable of low CO2 emissions with applications in the production of energy and chemicals. A key issue in the further development of chemical looping processes and its introduction to the industry is the selection and further development of an appropriate oxygen carrier (OC) material. This solid oxygen carrier material supplies the stoichiometric oxygen needed for the various chemical processes. Its reactivity, cost, toxicity, thermal stability, attrition resistance, and chemical stability are critical selection criteria for developing suitable oxygen carrier materials. To develop oxygen carriers with optimal properties and long-term stability, one must consider the employed reactor configuration and the aim of the chemical looping process, as well as the thermodynamic properties of the active phases, their interaction with the used support material, long-term stability, internal ionic migration, and the advantages and limits of the employed synthesis methods. This review, therefore, aims to give more understanding into all aforementioned aspects to facilitate further research and development of chemical looping technology.
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Experimental Investigation of the Oxidative Coupling of Methane in a Porous Membrane Reactor: Relevance of Back-Permeation. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10070152. [PMID: 32674409 PMCID: PMC7407320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel reactor configurations for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), and in particular membrane reactors, contribute toward reaching the yield required to make the process competitive at the industrial scale. Therefore, in this work, the conventional OCM packed bed reactor using a Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst was experimentally compared with a membrane reactor, in which a symmetric MgO porous membrane was integrated. The beneficial effects of distributive feeding of oxygen along the membrane, which is the main advantage of the porous membrane reactor, were demonstrated, although no significant differences in terms of performance were observed because of the adverse effects of back-permeation prevailing in the experiments. A sensitivity analysis carried out on the effective diffusion coefficient also indicated the necessity of properly tuning the membrane properties to achieve the expected promising results, highlighting how this tuning could be addressed.
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Multi-Scale Analysis of Integrated C1 (CH4 and CO2) Utilization Catalytic Processes: Impacts of Catalysts Characteristics up to Industrial-Scale Process Flowsheeting, Part I: Experimental Analysis of Catalytic Low-Pressure CO2 to Methanol Conversion. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-aspect analysis of low-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 for methanol production is reported in the first part (part I) of this paper. This includes an extensive review of distinguished low-pressure catalytic CO2-hydrogenation systems. Specifically, the results of the conducted systematic experimental investigation on the impacts of synthesis and micro-scale characteristics of the selected Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 model-catalysts on their activity and stability are discussed. The performance of the investigated Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts, synthesized via different methods, were tested under a targeted range of operating conditions in this research. Specifically, the performances of these tested Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts with regard to the impacts of the main operating parameters, namely H2/CO2 ratio (at stoichiometric -3-, average -6- and high -9- ratios), temperature (in the range of 160–260 °C) and the lower and upper values of physically achievable gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) (corresponding to 200 h−1 and 684 h−1, respectively), were analyzed. It was found that the catalyst prepared by the hydrolysis co-precipitation method, with a homogenously distributed copper content over its entire surface, provides a promising methanol yield of 21% at a reaction temperature of 200 °C, lowest tested GHSV, highest tested H2/CO2 ratio (9) and operating pressure (10 bar). This is in line with other promising results so far reported for this catalytic system even in pilot-plant scale, highlighting its potential for large-scale methanol production. To analyze the findings in more details, the thermal-reaction performance of the system, specifically with regard to the impact of GHSV on the CO2-conversion and methanol selectivity, and yield were experimentally investigated. Moreover, the stability of the selected catalysts, as another crucial factor for potential industrial operation of this system, was tested under continual long-term operation for 150 h, the reaction-reductive shifting-atmospheres and also even after introducing oxygen to the catalyst surface followed by hydrogen reduction-reaction tests. Only the latter state was found to affect the stable performance of the screened catalysts in this research. In addition, the reported experimental reactor performances have been analyzed in the light of equilibrium-based calculated achievable performance of this reaction system. In the performed multi-scale analysis in this research, the requirements for establishing a selective-stable catalytic performance based on the catalyst- and reactor-scale analyses have been identified. This will be combined with the techno–economic performance analysis of the industrial-scale novel integrated process, utilizing the selected catalyst in this research, in the form of an add-on catalytic system under 10 bar pressure and H2/CO2 ratio (3), for efficiently reducing the overall CO2-emission from oxidative coupling of methane reactors, as reported in the second part (part II) of this paper.
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Kolesnichenko NV, Ezhova NN, Snatenkova YM. Lower olefins from methane: recent advances. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Modern methods for methane conversion to lower olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule are generalized. Multistage processing of methane into ethylene and propylene via syngas or methyl chloride and methods for direct conversion of CH4 to ethylene are described. Direct conversion of syngas to olefins as well as indirect routes of the process via methanol or dimethyl ether are considered. Particular attention is paid to innovative methods of olefin synthesis. Recent achievements in the design of catalysts and development of new techniques for efficient implementation of oxidative coupling of methane and methanol conversion to olefins are analyzed and systematized. Advances in commercializing these processes are pointed out. Novel catalysts for Fischer – Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins from syngas and for innovative technique using oxide – zeolite hybrid catalytic systems are described. The promise of a new route to lower olefins by methane conversion via dimethyl ether is shown. Prospects for the synthesis of lower olefins via methyl chloride and using non-oxidative coupling of methane are discussed. The most efficient processes used for processing of methane to lower olefins are compared on the basis of degree of conversion of carbonaceous feed, possibility to integrate with available full-scale production, number of reaction stages and thermal load distribution.
The bibliography includes 346 references.
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Fang X, Xia L, Peng L, Luo Y, Xu J, Xu L, Xu X, Liu W, Zheng R, Wang X. Ln2Zr2O7 compounds (Ln = La, Pr, Sm, Y) with varied rare earth A sites for low temperature oxidative coupling of methane. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cheng F, Yang J, Yan L, Zhao J, Zhao H, Song H, Chou L. Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics and Performance of Solid Acid WO
3
/TiO
2
‐Supported Lithium‐Manganese Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
| | - Liang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
| | - Huahua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
| | - Huanling Song
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
| | - Lingjun Chou
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou PR China
- Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 215123 Suzhou PR China
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