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Zamri MFMA, Shamsuddin AH, Ali S, Bahru R, Milano J, Tiong SK, Fattah IMR, Raja Shahruzzaman RMH. Recent Advances of Triglyceride Catalytic Pyrolysis via Heterogenous Dolomite Catalyst for Upgrading Biofuel Quality: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1947. [PMID: 37446463 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides the recent advances in triglyceride catalytic pyrolysis using heterogeneous dolomite catalysts for upgrading biofuel quality. The production of high-quality renewable biofuels through catalytic cracking pyrolysis has gained significant attention due to their high hydrocarbon and volatile matter content. Unlike conventional applications that require high operational costs, long process times, hazardous material pollution, and enormous energy demand, catalytic cracking pyrolysis has overcome these challenges. The use of CaO, MgO, and activated dolomite catalysts has greatly improved the yield and quality of biofuel, reducing the acid value of bio-oil. Modifications of the activated dolomite surface through bifunctional acid-base properties also positively influenced bio-oil production and quality. Dolomite catalysts have been found to be effective in catalyzing the pyrolysis of triglycerides, which are a major component of vegetable oils and animal fats, to produce biofuels. Recent advances in the field include the use of modified dolomite catalysts to improve the activity and selectivity of the catalytic pyrolysis process. Moreover, there is also research enhancement of the synthesis and modification of dolomite catalysts in improving the performance of biofuel yield conversion. Interestingly, this synergy contribution has significantly improved the physicochemical properties of the catalysts such as the structure, surface area, porosity, stability, and bifunctional acid-base properties, which contribute to the catalytic reaction's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Halim Shamsuddin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmiaton Ali
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raihana Bahru
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jassinnee Milano
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Zhang X, Chen F, Yu F, Cheng DG. ZSM-5@MCM-41 core–shell composite with tunable shell thickness for n-heptane catalytic cracking reaction. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azreena IN, Lau HLN, Asikin-Mijan N, Izham SM, Hassan MA, Kennedy E, Stockenhuber M, Taufiq-Yap YH. Hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid for effective diesel-like hydrocarbon production using zeolite-based catalysts. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Naji SZ, Tye CT, Abd AA. State of the art of vegetable oil transformation into biofuels using catalytic cracking technology: Recent trends and future perspectives. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ishihara A, Kanamori S, Hashimoto T. Effects of Zn Addition into ZSM-5 Zeolite on Dehydrocyclization-Cracking of Soybean Oil Using Hierarchical Zeolite-Al 2O 3 Composite-Supported Pt/NiMo Sulfided Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5509-5517. [PMID: 33681592 PMCID: PMC7931404 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zn-exchanged ZSM-5-Al2O3 (ZA) composite-supported Pt/NiMo (NM) sulfided catalysts were prepared using the conventional kneading method and were tested for dehydrocyclization-cracking of soybean oil. The effects of Zn addition on the activity and selectivity of products were investigated under moderate-pressure conditions of 0.5 and 1.0 MPa H2 in the temperature range of 420-580 °C. At the temperature 500 °C and higher, most of the sample soybean oil was converted at both the pressures of 0.5 and 1.0 MPa. At 1.0 MPa and 500 °C, the effects of Zn addition appeared and increased the yields of aromatics, while the catalyst without Zn produced larger amounts of products with more than C18. Further, at 0.5 MPa and 580 °C, the gas formation was inhibited in comparison to the cases of 1.0 MPa and the effects of the Zn addition also appeared and increased the yields of aromatics, while the catalyst without Zn produced larger amounts of products with more than C18. The Pt/NM/Zn(122)ZA test catalyst produced more than 63% of liquid fuels in the range C5-C18, and the yield of aromatics was 13%, the maximum value in the present study. The following reaction routes were proposed. The structure of triglyceride is converted by hydrocracking to three molecules of aliphatic acids and propane on the surface PtNiMo sulfide on Al2O3 support. The converted aliphatic acids are decomposed through decarboxylation to hydrocarbon fragments, which are further decomposed by cracking on the acid sites of the catalyst, the surface of NiMo sulfide, Al2O3, or ZSM-5. Finally, the formed C3 and C4 olefins are transformed to aromatics through the Diels-Alder reaction on the Zn species of ZnZSM-5. On the other hand, although gases were relatively small in amount, aromatic compounds were formed significantly, suggesting that cyclization might directly occur without conversion to gaseous hydrocarbons to some extent.
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A DFT Study for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Methyl Butyrate on a Lewis Acid Site of ZSM-5 Zeolite. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic deoxygenation mechanism of fatty acid esters on a Lewis acid site of ZSM-5 zeolite was elucidated via density functional theory (DFT) by using a methyl butyrate (MB) as the model compound for fatty acid esters. The configurations of the initial reactant, transition states, and products together with the activation barrier of each elementary reaction were determined. The activation barrier of different initial cracking reactions decreases in the order of α-C–C > β-C–C > α-C–O > β-C–O. The best reaction path for catalytic deoxygenation of methyl butyrate over Lewis acid site is CH3CH2CH2C(OCH3)=O⋯Lewis → CH3CH2⋯Lewis⋯C(=CH2)OCH3 → CH2=CH2 + CH3COOCH3 + Lewis. The oxygen of methyl butyrate is mainly removed as CO2, methyl acetate, formaldehyde, and butyraldehyde, while ethylene, propylene, and butane are the main hydrocarbon products. In addition, the group generated by cracking of methyl butyrate form a bond with the Lewis acid site, promoting the transformation between a Lewis acid and a Brønsted acid. The corresponding intermediates have a high single point energy, but the poor stability leads to further deoxygenation and cracking reactions. This work provides a theoretical basis for the modification in the number of Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites in the ZSM-5 zeolite.
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Riyanto T, Istadi I, Buchori L, Anggoro DD, Dani Nandiyanto AB. Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Cracking as an Advanced Process for Vegetable Oils Conversion to Biofuels: A Mini Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teguh Riyanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - I. Istadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Luqman Buchori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Didi D. Anggoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
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Gurdeep Singh HK, Yusup S, Quitain AT, Kida T, Sasaki M, Cheah KW, Ameen M. Production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking of linoleic acid over various acidic zeolite catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34039-34046. [PMID: 30232774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Employment of edible oils as alternative green fuel for vehicles had raised debates on the sustainability of food supply especially in the third-world countries. The non-edible oil obtained from the abundantly available rubber seeds could mitigate this issue and at the same time reduce the environmental impact. Therefore, this paper investigates the catalytic cracking reaction of a model compound named linoleic acid that is enormously present in the rubber seed oil. Batch-scale experiments were conducted using 8.8 mL Inconel batch reactor having a cyclic horizontal swing span of 2 cm with a frequency of 60 cycles per minute at 450 °C under atmospheric condition for 90 min. The performance of HZSM-5, HBeta, HFerrierite, HMordenite and HY catalysts was tested for their efficiency in favouring gasoline range hydrocarbons. The compounds present in the organic liquid product were then analysed using GC-MS and classified based on PIONA which stands for paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin, naphthenes and aromatics respectively. The results obtained show that HZSM-5 catalyst favoured gasoline range hydrocarbons that were rich in aromatics compounds and promoted the production of desired isoparaffin. It also gave a higher cracking activity; however, large gaseous as by-products were produced at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haswin Kaur Gurdeep Singh
- Biomass Processing Laboratory, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute for Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Biomass Processing Laboratory, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute for Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Armando T Quitain
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kin Wai Cheah
- Biomass Processing Laboratory, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute for Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Ameen
- Biomass Processing Laboratory, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute for Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
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Ishihara A, Mori K, Mori K, Hashimoto T, Nasu H. Preparation of hierarchical catalysts with the simultaneous generation of microporous zeolite using a template and large mesoporous silica by gel skeletal reinforcement and their reactivity in the catalytic cracking of n-dodecane. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zeolite-containing hierarchical mesoporous catalysts prepared using gel skeletal reinforcement exhibited the superior activity and selectivity in n-dodecane catalytic cracking.
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Ishihara A, Tatebe K, Hashimoto T, Nasu H. Preparation of Silica, Alumina, Titania, and Zirconia with Different Pore Sizes Using Sol–Gel Method and Their Properties as Matrices in Catalytic Cracking. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishihara
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurima Machiya-Cho, Tsu-City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tatebe
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurima Machiya-Cho, Tsu-City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hashimoto
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurima Machiya-Cho, Tsu-City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nasu
- Division of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurima Machiya-Cho, Tsu-City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507, Japan
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