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Wang L, Tian M, Chen S. Differentially expressed proteins and microbial communities of the skin regulate disease resistance to Chinese tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352469. [PMID: 38711504 PMCID: PMC11071164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis, caused by Vibrio, seriously affects the health of fish, shellfish, and shrimps, causing large economic losses. Teleosts are represent the first bony vertebrates with both innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. Aquatic animals encounter hydraulic pressure and more pathogens, compared to terrestrial animals. The skin is the first line of defense in fish, constituting the skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), which belongs to the main mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). However, little is known about the function of immunity related proteins in fish. Therefore, this study used iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) to compare the skin proteome between the resistant and susceptible families of Cynoglossus semilaevis. The protein integrin beta-2, the alpha-enolase isoform X1, subunit B of V-type proton ATPase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, and ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, were highly expressed in the resistant family. The 16S sequencing of the skin tissues of the resistant and susceptible families showed significant differences in the microbial communities of the two families. The protein-microbial interaction identified ten proteins associated with skin microbes, including immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) and pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 isoform X2 (PBX2). This study highlights the interaction between skin proteins and the microbial compositions of C. semilaevis and provides new insights into understanding aquaculture breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Renukdas NN, Kelly AM, Zinta G, Sinha AK. Hepatic transcriptome profiling of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède) injected with Flavobacterium covae or lipopolysaccharide. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13948. [PMID: 38558407 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Flavobacterium covae (columnaris) is the most detrimental bacterial disease affecting the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède) aquaculture industry. In the current study, fish received an intraperitoneal injection of either 1× PBS (100 μL), LPS in PBS (100 μL, 10 μg/mL), or F. covae (100 μL, 2.85 × 1011 CFU/mL) to simulate immunological challenges. After 24 h post-injection, liver tissue from the control and treated groups were then collected for transcriptome analysis. Results of the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses for the F. covae and LPS-injected groups found differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched primarily in toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokine-cytokine receptors, complement and coagulation cascades, and the PPAR signalling pathways. This suggests that the liver immune system is enhanced by these five combined pathways. Additionally, the DEGs TLR5, MYD88, and IL-1 were significantly upregulated in F. covae and LPS-injected fish compared to the controls, whereas IL-8 was downregulated. The upregulation of TLR5 was unexpected as F. covae lacks flagellin, the protein that binds to TLR5. Additionally, it is unknown whether the TLR5 is upregulated by LPS. Further research into the upregulation of TLR5 is warranted. These results provide insight into immune responses and associated pathways contributing to the immune system in the liver during columnaris infection and induced response to LPS in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima N Renukdas
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Arkansas Department of Agriculture, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Auburn University, Greensboro, Alabama, USA
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sinha
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
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Li Z, Tan S, Qi L, Chen Y, Liu H, Liu X, Sha Z. Genome-wide characterization of integrin (ITG) gene family and their expression profiling in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) upon Vibrio anguillarum infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101099. [PMID: 37327728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrins (ITGs) are transmembrane heterodimer receptors with ITGα subunit and ITGβ subunit, participating in various physiological processes, including immunity. At present, systematic research on ITGs in teleost is scarce, especially in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In this study, a set of 28 ITG genes in half-smooth tongue sole have been identified and characterized. The phylogenetic analysis showed that ITGα and ITGβ subunits were respectively classified into five and two clusters, consistent with previous studies. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most of ITG genes were under purifying selection, except for ITGα11b and ITGαL with positive selection. The expression profiles of eight selected ITG genes, including ITGα1, ITGα5, ITGα8, ITGα11, ITGβ1, ITGβ2, ITGβ3, and ITGβ8, were analyzed in healthy tissues and after infection with Vibrio anguillarum, revealed their implications in immune response. The study provided a comprehensive characterization and expression analysis of ITG genes in half-smooth tongue sole, setting a solid foundation for further functional studies and promising potential in disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Suxu Tan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Longjiang Qi
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinbao Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Hao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang G, He Z, Cao W, Han T, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Gong C, Hou J. Population response of intestinal microbiota to acute Vibrio alginolyticus infection in half-smooth tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1178575. [PMID: 37333647 PMCID: PMC10275075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vibriosis causes enormous economic losses of marine fish. The present study investigated the intestinal microbial response to acute infection of half-smooth tongue sole with different-dose Vibrio alginolyticus within 72 h by metagenomic sequencing. Methods The inoculation amount of V. alginolyticus for the control, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose groups were 0, 8.5 × 101, 8.5 × 104, and 8.5 × 107 cells/g respectively, the infected fish were farmed in an automatic seawater circulation system under a relatively stable temperature, dissolved oxygen and photoperiod, and 3 ~ 6 intestinal samples per group with high-quality DNA assay were used for metagenomics analysis. Results The acute infections with V. alginolyticus at high, medium, and low doses caused the change of different-type leukocytes at 24 h, whereas the joint action of monocytes and neutrophils to cope with the pathogen infection only occurred in the high-dose group at 72 h. The metagenomic results suggest that a high-dose V. alginolyticus infection can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota, decrease the microbial α-diversity, and increase the bacteria from Vibrio and Shewanella, including various potential pathogens at 24 h. High-abundance species of potential pathogens such as V. harveyii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. scophthalmi exhibited significant positive correlations with V. alginolyticus. The function analysis revealed that the high-dose inflection group could increase the genes closely related to pathogen infection, involved in cell motility, cell wall/ membrane/envelope biogenesis, material transport and metabolism, and the pathways of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistances mainly from Vibrios within 72 h. Discussion It indicates that the half-smooth tongue sole is highly likely to be a secondary infection with intestinal potential pathogens, especially species from Vibrio and that the disease could become even more complicated because of the accumulation and transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes in intestinal bacteria during the process of V. alginolyticus intensified infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotong Hao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yaxian Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Guixing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhongwei He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tian Han
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Chunguang Gong
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jilun Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, China
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Zhang G, Mou Z, Wang H, Liu H. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the main liver
and attached liver of <i>Glyptosternum maculatum</i> on the basis
of data-independent mass spectrometry acquisition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/154070/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kurpe SR, Sukhovskaya IV, Borvinskaya EV, Morozov AA, Parshukov AN, Malysheva IE, Vasileva AV, Chechkova NA, Kuchko TY. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Rainbow Trout with Severe, Moderate and Asymptomatic Course of Vibrio anguillarum Infection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192642. [PMID: 36230384 PMCID: PMC9559680 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the past decades, bacterial infections have been a serious problem in aquaculture that causes very large economic losses. Currently, antibiotics are the most common method of disease prevention and control. A combination of water quality monitoring, early detection of fish infections, and other preventive biosecurity measures in fish farms can help prevent the spread of infection. We investigated the natural bacterial infection in fish farms and characterized the parameters of the health status of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) during disease. Depending on the course of the disease (severity of the pathology, leukocyte profile, and expression of immune-related genes), three subpopulations of fish with severe damage, a moderate course of the infectious process, and asymptomatic fish were characterized. An unexpected result was a small metabolic difference between fish with moderate symptoms and fish with weak signs of pathology. Thus, we have described the characteristics of a trout subpopulation with a mild course of infection which has potential for recovery after infection. Abstract This article describes the clinical manifestation of natural Vibrio anguillarum infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during an outbreak on a fish farm. (i) Using an integrated approach, we characterized the pathogenesis of vibriosis from the morphological, hematological, and biochemical points of view. The molecular mechanisms associated with the host immune response were investigated using mass spectrometric analysis of trout plasma proteins. (ii) According to the severity of infection (the extent of tissue damage, the level of expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and changes in the leukocyte profile) three fish populations were identified among infected trout: fish with severe lesions (SL), fish with the moderate infectious process (IP) and asymptomatic fish (AS). (iii) Lymphopenia, granulocytosis, and splenomegaly were strong trends during the progression of infection and informative indicators of severe manifestation of disease, associated with hemorrhagic shock, metabolic acidosis, and massive tissue damage. (iv) As expected, pro-inflammatory interleukins, complement components, acute phase proteins, and antimicrobial peptides were implicated in the acute pathogenesis. Systemic coagulopathy was accompanied by increased antithrombotic reactions. (v) Reconstruction of metabolic pathways also revealed a high energy requirement for the immune response in severely affected fish. (vi) An unexpected result was a small difference between fish with moderate symptoms and fish with no or minor external signs of pathology (putatively resistant to infection). Increased production of antiproteases and enhanced blood coagulation cascade were observed in healthier fish, which may underlie the mechanisms of a controlled, non-self-damaging immune response to infection. (vii) Depending on the progression of the disease and the presence of the pathogen, a stepwise or linear change in the abundance of some plasma proteins was revealed. These proteins could be proposed as molecular markers for diagnosing the health and immune status of trout when cultured in fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rimaso Kurpe
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (I.V.S.)
| | - Irina Viktorovna Sukhovskaya
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (I.V.S.)
| | | | - Alexey Anatolievich Morozov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LIN SB RAS), 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Aleksey Nikolaevich Parshukov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Irina Evgenyevna Malysheva
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Alina Valeryevna Vasileva
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Alexandrovna Chechkova
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Tamara Yurevna Kuchko
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU), 185640 Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Song Y, Dong X, Hu G. Transcriptome analysis of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) head kidney and liver reveals immune mechanism in response to Vibrio anguillarum infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1045-1057. [PMID: 35543437 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The diseases triggered by Vibrio anguillarum infection have created huge economic losses to the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) farming industry. However, the immune mechanism of turbot to V. anguillarum infection has not been deeply investigated. To better understand the immune response of turbot to V. anguillarum infection, transcriptome analysis of the head kidney and liver of turbot was performed. A total of 15,948 and 11,494 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the turbot head kidney and liver, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the head kidney and liver of turbot have some differences in the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of the DEGs for the different functions of these two organs. Although there are many uncertain factors in this immune process, such as the occurrence of alternative splicing (AS) events and the differences in the protein structure of the DEGs, the NFκB signalling pathway, MKK-dependent AP-1 activation, JAK-STAT signalling pathway, the signal transmission of MHC Ⅰ and a series of DEGs including HSP90 driving NLRP3 to produce inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, etc.) were possible important immune response pathways for turbot to V. anguillarum infection. Overall, our research has conducted a preliminary exploration of the immune mechanism of turbot in response to V. anguillarum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Song
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianzhi Dong
- Institute of Biophysis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guobin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Wei Y, Yi K, Shen C, Chen X, Iqbal T, Cao M, Chen T, Luo Y, Li J, Zhou X, Li C, Chen L. Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Effects of Cadmium on the Liver of the Xiangxi Yellow Heifer. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846662. [PMID: 35498726 PMCID: PMC9047687 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal toxicant found in industrial zones. Humans and animals are exposed to it through their diet, which results in various physiological problems. In the current study, the toxic effects of Cd on the liver were investigated by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of the livers of Xiangxi heifers fed a diet with excess Cd. We randomly divided six healthy heifers into two groups. The first group received a control diet, whereas the second group received Cd-exceeding diets for 100 days. After 100 days, the livers were collected. A total of 551 differentially expressed mRNAs, 24 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 169 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified (p < 0.05, |log2FC| >1). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. We found that under Cd exposure, DEGs were enriched in the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway, which is involved in autophagy regulation, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, the apolipoprotein A4 gene, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the anti-apoptotic gene ATPase H+/K+ transporting the nongastric alpha2 subunit, and the cholesterol metabolism-associated gene endothelial lipase gene were significantly downregulated. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which are involved in the development of fatty liver, were significantly upregulated. These genes revealed the main effects of Cd on the liver of Xiangxi yellow heifers. The current study provides insightful information regarding the DEGs involved in autophagy regulation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. These may serve as useful biomarkers for predicting and treating Cd-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangle Yi
- Grassland and Herbivore Research Laboratory, Hunan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Caomeihui Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Grassland and Herbivore Research Laboratory, Hunan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Grassland and Herbivore Research Laboratory, Hunan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Zhao N, Deng Q, Zhu C, Zhang B. Mucus piRNAs profiles of Vibrio harveyi-infected Cynoglossus semilaevis: A hint for fish disease monitoring. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:165-175. [PMID: 34741552 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, is an important cultured flatfish species. Vibrio harveyi is a common pathogen to this fish, which may result in great economic loss to C. semilaevis culture industry. piRNAs, a non-coding RNAs with 26-32 nt, have been regarded as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and fish diseases. Here, we extracted the RNA from mucus of C. semilaevis and constructed the differential expression profiles of piRNAs between the sick fish (MS) and healthy fish (MC). We identified 45,696 differentially expressed piRNAs including 22,735 up-regulated piRNAs and 22,961 down-regulated piRNAs in MS group compared with MC group. The GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the differential piRNAs were carried out. The result showed immunity-related target genes mainly involved in immune system process, response to stimulus, cell killing, immune system, infectious diseases and cell growth and death. The 10 most differentially expressed piRNAs were chosen to perform the qRT-PCR, while only seven piRNAs were consistent with the sequence result. Compared with MC group, the expression levels of piR-mmu-72173>piR-rno-62831>piR-xtr-704880, piR-dme-15546979, piR-mmu-49941660, piR-mmu-29283297 and piR-mmu-1758399 were significantly lower, and piR-gga-10574 and piR-gga-134812 were significantly higher in MS group. These piRNAs may be potential biomarkers during the V. harveyi infection of C. semilaevis. This study could provide a new method to identify the infection status of C. semilaevis and understand better about the innate and adaptive immune system in C. semilaevis during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Southern Marine science and engineering Guangdong laboratory-Zhanjiang, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxia Deng
- Southern Marine science and engineering Guangdong laboratory-Zhanjiang, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Southern Marine science and engineering Guangdong laboratory-Zhanjiang, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Southern Marine science and engineering Guangdong laboratory-Zhanjiang, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
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10
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Recurrent expansions of B30.2-associated immune receptor families in fish. Immunogenetics 2021; 74:129-147. [PMID: 34850255 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B30.2 domains, also known as PRY/SPRY, are key components of specific subsets of two large families of proteins involved in innate immunity: the tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs) and the Nod-like receptors (NLRs). TRIM proteins are important, often inducible factors of antiviral innate immunity, targeting multiple steps of viral cycles through a variety of mechanisms. NLRs prime and regulate systemic innate defenses, especially against bacteria, and control inflammation. Large TRIM and NLR subsets characterized by the presence of a B30.2 domain have been reported from a few fish species including zebrafish and seem to be strongly prone to gene duplication/expansion. Here, we performed a large-scale survey of these receptors across about 150 fish genomes, focusing on ray-finned fishes. We assessed the number and genomic distribution of domains and domain combinations associated with TRIMs, NLRs, and other genes containing B30.2 domains and looked for gene expansion patterns across fish groups. We then used a model to test the impact of taxonomy, genome size, and environmental variables on the copy numbers of these genes. Our findings reveal novel domain structures, clade-specific gains and losses. They also assist with the timing of the gene expansions, reveal patterns associated with the MHC, and lay the groundwork for further studies delving deeper into the forces that drive the copy number variation of immune genes on a species level.
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