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Silva-Magalhães R, Silva-Araújo AL, Peres-Damásio P, Teixeira Pereira EH, de Oliveira Souza R, Varela LSDRN, Tomé LMR, de Melo Iani FC, Silveira AL, Borges MH, Medina-Santos R, Chavez-Olórtegui C, Vasconcelos Diniz MR, Paiva ALB, Guerra-Duarte C. Loxosceles amazonica Brown Spider venom: Insights into enzymatic activities, immunorecognition, and novel phospholipase D isoforms. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00156-1. [PMID: 38944106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The Loxosceles genus represents one of the main arachnid genera of medical importance in Brazil. Despite the gravity of Loxosceles-related accidents, just a handful of species are deemed medically important and only a few have undergone comprehensive venom characterization. Loxosceles amazonica is a notable example of a potentially dangerous yet understudied Loxosceles species. While there have been limited reports of accidents involving L. amazonica to date, accidents related to Loxosceles are increasing in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, where L. amazonica has been reported. In this work, we provide a complementary biochemical and immunological characterization of L. amazonica venom, considering its most relevant enzymatic activities and its immunorecognition and neutralization by current therapeutic antivenoms. Additionally, a cDNA library enriched with phospholipase D (PLD) sequences from L. amazonica venom glands was built and subsequently sequenced. The results showed that L. amazonica venom is well immunorecognised by all the tested antibodies. Its venom also displayed proteolytic, hyaluronidase, and sphingomyelinase activities. These activities were at least partially inhibited by available antivenoms. With cDNA sequencing of PLDs, seven new putative isoforms were identified in the venom of L. amazonica. These results contribute to a better knowledge of the venom content and activities of a synanthropic, yet understudied, Loxosceles species. In vivo assays are essential to confirm the medical relevance of L. amazonica, as well as to assess its true toxic potential and elucidate its related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Silva-Magalhães
- Molecular Toxinology Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Silva-Araújo
- Molecular Toxinology Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pamella Peres-Damásio
- Molecular Toxinology Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon de Oliveira Souza
- Molecular Toxinology Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro Tomé
- Central Laboratory of Public Health of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Central Laboratory of Public Health of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Helena Borges
- Arachnid Proteomics Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Medina-Santos
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chavez-Olórtegui
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Bittencourt Paiva
- Molecular Toxinology Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Clara Guerra-Duarte
- Molecular Toxinology Lab, Research and Development Department, Ezequiel Dias Foundation - Funed, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Kouprina N, Larionov V. Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning and its applications for gene function; genome architecture and evolution; biotechnology and biomedicine. Oncotarget 2023; 14:1009-1033. [PMID: 38147065 PMCID: PMC10750837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning represents a unique tool to selectively and efficiently recover a given chromosomal segment up to several hundred kb in length from complex genomes (such as animals and plants) and simple genomes (such as bacteria and viruses). The technique exploits a high level of homologous recombination in the yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we summarize multiple applications of the pioneering TAR cloning technique, developed previously for complex genomes, for functional, evolutionary, and structural studies, and extended the modified TAR versions to isolate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from microbes, which are the major source of pharmacological agents and industrial compounds, and to engineer synthetic viruses with novel properties to design a new generation of vaccines. TAR cloning was adapted as a reliable method for the assembly of synthetic microbe genomes for fundamental research. In this review, we also discuss how the TAR cloning in combination with HAC (human artificial chromosome)- and CRISPR-based technologies may contribute to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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